A host is accessing a Web server on a remote network. Which three functions are performed by intermediary network devices during this conversation? (Choose three.)

regenerating data signals
acting as a client or a server
providing a channel over which messages travel
applying security settings to control the flow of data
notifying other devices when errors occur
serving as the source or destination of the messages

A home user is looking for an ISP connection that provides high speed digital transmission over regular phone lines. What ISP connection type should be used?

DSL
dial-up
satellite
cell modem
cable modem

A company is expanding its business to other countries. All branch offices must remain connected to corporate headquarters at all times. Which network technology is required to support this requirement?

LAN
MAN
WAN
WLAN

Which connection provides a secure CLI session with encryption to a Cisco network device?

a console connection
an AUX connection
a Telnet connection
an SSH connection

An administrator uses the Ctrl-Shift-6 key combination on a switch after issuing the ping command. What is the purpose of using these keystrokes?

to restart the ping process
to interrupt the ping process
to exit to a different configuration mode
to allow the user to complete the command

What function does pressing the Tab key have when entering a command in IOS?

It aborts the current command and returns to configuration mode.
It exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC mode.
It moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line.
It completes the remainder of a partially typed word in a command.

After making configuration changes, a network administrator issues a copy running-config startup-config command in a Cisco switch. What is the result of issuing this command?

The new configuration will be stored in flash memory.
The new configuration will be loaded if the switch is restarted.
The current IOS file will be replaced with the newly configured file.
The configuration changes will be removed and the original configuration will be restored.

Refer to the exhibit. Which action will be successful?

PC1 can send a ping to 192.168.1.1?.
PC1 can send a ping to 192.168.1.254?.
PC2 can send a ping to 192.168.1.1.
PC2 can send a ping to 192.168.1.254?.

Which IPv4 address can be pinged to test the internal TCP/IP operation of a host?

0.0.0.0
0.0.0.1
127.0.0.1
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.255

What three application layer protocols are part of the TCP/IP protocol suite? (Choose three.)

ARP
DHCP
DNS
FTP
NAT
PPP

Which two protocols function at the internet layer? (Choose two.)

ARP
BOOTP
ICMP
IP
PPP

Which publicly available resources describe protocols, processes, and technologies for the Internet but do not give implementation details?

Request for Comments
IRTF research papers
protocol models
IEEE standards

Which address on a PC does not change, even if the PC is moved to a different network?

IP address
default gateway address
MAC address
logical address

What is the protocol that is used to discover a physical address from a known logical address and what message type does it use?

ARP, multicast
DNS, unicast
DNS, broadcast
ARP, broadcast
PING, multicast
PING, broadcast

What will happen if the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host?

The host cannot communicate with other hosts in the local network.
The switch will not forward packets initiated by the host.
The host will have to use ARP to determine the correct address of the default gateway.
The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks.
A ping from the host to 127.0.0.1 would not be successful.

. What is an important function of the physical layer of the OSI model?

It accepts frames from the physical media.
It encapsulates upper layer data into frames.
It defines the media access method performed by the hardware interface.
It encodes frames into electrical, optical, or radio wave signals.

. Which procedure is used to reduce the effect of crosstalk in copper cables?

requiring proper grounding connections
twisting opposing circuit wire pairs together
wrapping the bundle of wires with metallic shielding
designing a cable infrastructure to avoid crosstalk interference
avoiding sharp bends during installation

Which two statements describe the characteristics of fiber-optic cabling? (Choose two.)

Fiber-optic cabling does not conduct electricity.
Fiber-optic cabling has high signal loss.
Fiber-optic cabling is primarily used as backbone cabling.
Multimode fiber-optic cabling carries signals from multiple sending devices.
Fiber-optic cabling uses LEDs for single-mode cab?les and laser technology for multimode cables.

What is contained in the trailer of a data-link frame?

logical address
physical address
data
error detection

What is the auto-MDIX feature on a switch?

the automatic configuration of an interface for 10/100/1000 Mb/s operation
the automatic configuration of an interface for a straight-through or a crossover Ethernet cable connection
the automatic configuration of full-duplex operation over a single Ethernet copper or optical cable
the ability to turn a switch interface on or off accordingly if an active connection is detected

How does a Layer 3 switch differ from a Layer 2 switch?

A Layer 3 switch supports VLANs, but a Layer 2 switch does not.
An IP address can be assigned to a physical port of a Layer 3 switch. However, this is not supported in Layer 2 switches.
A Layer 3 switch maintains an IP address table instead of a MAC address table.
A Layer 3 switch learns the MAC addresses that are associated with each of its ports. However, a Layer 2 switch does not.

What is the purpose of the routing process?

to encapsulate data that is used to communicate across a network
to select the paths that are used to direct traffic to destination networks
to convert a URL name into an IP address
to provide secure Internet file transfer
to forward traffic on the basis of MAC addresses

Which technology provides a solution to IPv4 address depletion by allowing multiple devices to share one public IP address?

ARP
DNS
NAT
SMB
DHCP
HTTP

Which of the following are primary functions of a router? (Choose two.)

packet switching
microsegmentation
domain name resolution
path selection
flow control

Which two statements correctly describe a router memory type and its contents? (Choose two.)

ROM is nonvolatile and stores the running IOS.
FLASH is nonvolatile and contains a limited portion of the IOS?.
RAM is volatile and stores the running configuration.
NVRAM is nonvolatile and stores a full version of the IOS.
ROM is nonvolatile and stores bootup information.

In which default order will a router search for startup configuration information?

NVRAM, RAM, TFTP
NVRAM, TFTP, setup mode
setup mode, NVRAM, TFTP
TFTP, ROM, NVRAM
flash, ROM, setup mode

What happens when part of an Internet VoIP transmission is not delivered to the destination?

A delivery failure message is sent to the source host.
The part of the VoIP transmission that was lost is re-sent.
The entire transmission is re-sent.
The transmission continues without the missing portion.

Which three IP addresses are private ? (Choose three.)

10.172.168.1
172.32.5.2
192.167.10.10
172.20.4.4
192.168.5.254
224.6.6.6

How many bits make up the single IPv6 hextet :10CD:?

4
8
16
32

What is the effect of configuring the ipv6 unicast-routing command on a router?

to assign the router to the all-nodes multicast group
to enable the router as an IPv6 router
to permit only unicast packets on the router
to prevent the router from joining the all-routers multicast group

Which group of IPv6 addresses cannot be allocated as a host source address?

FEC0::/10?
FDFF::/7?
FEBF::/10?
FF00::/8

What is the purpose of ICMP messages?

to inform routers about network topology changes
to ensure the delivery of an IP packet
to provide feedback of IP packet transmissions
to monitor the process of a domain name to IP address resolution

Which subnet would include the address 192.168.1.96 as a usable host address?

192.168.1.64/26
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.64/29

A network administrator needs to monitor network traffic to and from servers in a data center. Which features of an IP addressing scheme should be applied to these devices?

random static addresses to improve security
addresses from different subnets for redundancy
predictable static IP addresses for easier identification
dynamic addresses to reduce the probability of duplicate addresses

. Which two notations are useable nibble boundaries when subnetting in IPv6? (Choose two.)

/62
/64
/66
/68
/70

A host PC has just booted and is attempting to lease an address through DHCP. Which two messages will the client typically broadcast on the network? (Choose two.)

DHCPDISCOVER
DHCPOFFER
DHCPREQUEST
DHCPACK
DHCPNACK

What is the purpose of the network security accounting function?

to require users to prove who they are
to determine which resources a user can access
to keep track of the actions of a user
to provide challenge and response questions

When applied to a router, which command would help mitigate brute-force password attacks against the router?

exec-timeout 30
service password-encryption
banner motd $Max failed logins = 5$
login block-for 60 attempts 5 within 60

A particular website does not appear to be responding on a Windows 7 computer. What command could the technician use to show any cached DNS entries for this web page?

ipconfig /all
arp -a
ipconfig /displaydns
nslookup

What two preconfigured settings that affect security are found on most new wireless routers? (Choose two.)

broadcast SSID
MAC filtering enabled
WEP encryption enabled
PSK authentication required
default administrator password

Which type of wireless security generates dynamic encryption keys each time a client associates with an AP?

EAP
PSK
WEP
WPA

______ is a best-effort, connectionless application layer protocol that is used to transfer files.

Which two components are necessary for a wireless client to be installed on a WLAN? (Choose two.)

media
wireless NIC
custom adapter
crossover cable
wireless bridge
wireless client software

onsider the following range of addresses:

2001:0DB8:BC15:00A0:0000::

2001:0DB8:BC15:00A1:0000::

2001:0DB8:BC15:00A2:0000::

…

2001:0DB8:BC15:00AF:0000::

The prefix-length for the range of addresses is _______

A host is accessing an FTP server on a remote network. Which three functions are performed by intermediary network devices during this conversation? (Choose three.)

regenerating data signals
acting as a client or a server
providing a channel over which messages travel
applying security settings to control the flow of data
notifying other devices when errors occur
serving as the source or destination of the messages

When is a dial-up connection used to connect to an ISP?

when a cellular telephone provides the service
when a high-speed connection is provided over a cable TV network
when a satellite dish is used
when a regular telephone line is used

On a school network, students are surfing the web, searching the library database, and attending an audio conference with their sister school in Japan. If network traffic is prioritized with QoS, how will the traffic be classified from highest priority to lowest priority?

audio conference, database, HTTP
database, HTTP, audio conference
audio conference, HTTP, database
database, audio conference, HTTP

During normal operation, from which location do most Cisco routers run the IOS?

RAM
flash
NVRAM
disk drive

Which connection provides a secure CLI session with encryption to a Cisco switch?

a console connection
an AUX connection
a Telnet connection
an SSH connection

Which keys act as a hot key combination that is used to interrupt an IOS process?

Ctrl-Shift-X
Ctrl-Shift-6
Ctrl-Z
Ctrl-C

After making configuration changes on a Cisco switch, a network administrator issues a copy running-config startup-config command. What is the result of issuing this command?

The new configuration will be stored in flash memory.
The new configuration will be loaded if the switch is restarted.
The current IOS file will be replaced with the newly configured file.
The configuration changes will be removed and the original configuration will be restored.

On which switch interface would an administrator configure an IP address so that the switch can be managed remotely?

FastEthernet0/1
VLAN 1
vty 0
console 0

A technician uses the ping 127.0.0.1 command. What is the technician testing?

the TCP/IP stack on a network host
connectivity between two adjacent Cisco devices
connectivity between a PC and the default gateway
connectivity between two PCs on the same network
physical connectivity of a particular PC and the network

What is the correct order for PDU encapsulation?

Which device should be used for enabling a host to communicate with another host on a different network?

switch
hub
router
host

A network technician is measuring the transfer of bits across the company backbone for a mission critical application. The technician notices that the network throughput appears lower than the bandwidth expected. Which three factors could influence the differences in throughput? (Choose three.)

the amount of traffic that is currently crossing the network
the sophistication of the encapsulation method applied to the data
the type of traffic that is crossing the network
the latency that is created by the number of network devices that the data is crossing
the bandwidth of the WAN connection to the Internet
the reliability of the gigabit Ethernet infrastructure of the backbone

Which characteristics describe fiber optic cable? (Choose two.)

It is not affected by EMI or RFI.
Each pair of cables is wrapped in metallic foil.
It combines the technique of cancellation, shielding and twisting to protect data.
It has a maximum speed of 100 Mbps.
It is the most expensive type of LAN cabling

What are two features of a physical, star network topology? (Choose two.)

It is straightforward to troubleshoot.
End devices are connected together by a bus.
It is easy to add and remove end devices.
All end devices are connected in a chain to each other.
Each end system is connected to its respective neighbor.

A frame is transmitted from one networking device to another. Why does the receiving device check the FCS field in the frame?

to determine the physical address of the sending device
to verify the network layer protocol information
to compare the interface media type between the sending and receiving ends
to check the frame for possible transmission errors
to verify that the frame destination matches the MAC address of the receiving device

. What will a Layer 2 switch do when the destination MAC address of a received frame is not in the MAC table?

It initiates an ARP request.
It broadcasts the frame out of all ports on the switch.
It notifies the sending host that the frame cannot be delivered.
It forwards the frame out of all ports except for the port at which the frame was received.

Which switching method has the lowest level of latency?

cut-through
store-and-forward
fragment-free
fast-forward

hich parameter does the router use to choose the path to the destination when there are multiple routes available?

the lower metric value that is associated with the destination network
the lower gateway IP address to get to the destination network
the higher metric value that is associated with the destination network
the higher gateway IP address to get to the destination network

. Which two statements describe the functions or characteristics of ROM in a router? (Choose two.)

stores routing tables
allows software to be updated without replacing pluggable chips on the motherboard
maintains instructions for POST diagnostics
holds ARP cache
stores bootstrap program

Which statement describes a characteristic of the Cisco router management ports?

A console port is used for remote management of the router.
A console port is not used for packet forwarding.
Serial and DSL interfaces are types of management ports.
Each Cisco router has a LED indicator to provide information about the status of the management ports.

What happens when part of an Internet radio transmission is not delivered to the destination?

A delivery failure message is sent to the source host.
The part of the radio transmission that was lost is re-sent.
The entire transmission is re-sent.
The transmission continues without the missing portion.

What is the dotted decimal representation of the IPv4 address 11001011.00000000.01110001.11010011?

192.0.2.199
198.51.100.201
203.0.113.211
209.165.201.223

Which three IP addresses are private ? (Choose three.)

10.20.30.1
172.32.5.2
192.167.10.10
172.30.5.3
192.168.5.5
224.6.6.6

What types of addresses make up the majority of addresses within the /8 block IPv4 bit space?

private addresses
public addresses
multicast addresses
experimental addresses

A company has a network address of 192.168.1.64 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192. The company wants to create two subnetworks that would contain 10 hosts and 18 hosts respectively. Which two networks would achieve that? (Choose two.)

192.168.1.16/28
192.168.1.64/27
192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.192/28

In a network that uses IPv4, what prefix would best fit a subnet containing 100 hosts?

/23
/24
/25
/26

Which protocol supports rapid delivery of streaming media?

Transmission Control Protocol
Real-Time Transport Protocol
Secure File Transfer Protocol
Video over Internet Protocol

Why would a network administrator use the tracert utility?

to determine the active TCP connections on a PC
to check information about a DNS name in the DNS server
to identify where a packet was lost or delayed on a network
to display the IP address, default gateway, and DNS server address for a PC

Which WLAN security protocol generates a new dynamic key each time a client establishes a connection with the AP?

EAP
PSK
WEP
WPA

Point-to-point communications where both devices can transmit and receive on the medium at the same time are known as ________

A host is accessing a Telnet server on a remote network. Which three functions are performed by intermediary network devices during this conversation? (Choose three.)

regenerating data signals
acting as a client or a server
providing a channel over which messages travel
applying security settings to control the flow of data
notifying other devices when errors occur
serving as the source or destination of the messages

What is the purpose of having a converged network?

to provide high speed connectivity to all end devices
to make sure that all types of data packets will be treated equally
to achieve fault tolerance and high availability of data network infrastructure devices
to reduce the cost of deploying and maintaining the communication infrastructure

Three office workers are using the corporate network. The first employee uses a web browser to view a company web page in order to read some announcements. The second employee accesses the corporate database to perform some financial transactions. The third employee participates in an important live audio conference with other office workers in branch offices. If QoS is implemented on this network, what will be the priorities from highest to lowest of the different data types?

audio conference, financial transactions, web page
financial transactions, web page, audio conference
audio conference, web page, financial transactions
financial transactions, audio conference, web page

During normal operation, from which location do most Cisco switches and routers run the IOS?

RAM
flash
NVRAM
disk drive

What information does the loopback test provide?

The TCP/IP stack on the device is working correctly.
The device has end-to-end connectivity.
DHCP is working correctly.
The Ethernet cable is working correctly.
The device has the correct IP address on the network.

What is a characteristic of the LLC sublayer?

It provides the logical addressing required that identifies the device.
It provides delimitation of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium.
It places information in the frame allowing multiple Layer 3 protocols to use the same network interface and media.
It defines software processes that provide services to the physical layer.

What method is used to manage contention-based access on a wireless network?

CSMA/CD
priority ordering
CSMA/CA
token passing

What happens when a switch receives a frame and the calculated CRC value is different than the value that is in the FCS field?

The switch places the new CRC value in the FCS field and forwards the frame.
The switch notifies the source of the bad frame.
The switch drops the frame.
The switch floods the frame to all ports except the port through which the frame arrived to notify the hosts of the error.

Which destination address is used in an ARP request frame?

0.0.0.0
255.255.255.255
FFFF.FFFF.FFFF
127.0.0.1
01-00-5E-00-AA-23

Which frame forwarding method receives the entire frame and performs a CRC check to detect errors before forwarding the frame?

cut-through switching
store-and-forward switching
fragment-free switching
fast-forward switching

What are the two main components of Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)? (Choose two.)

adjacency tables
MAC-address tables
routing tables
ARP tables
forwarding information base (FIB)

Which statement describes the sequence of processes executed by a router when it receives a packet from a host to be delivered to a host on another network?

It receives the packet and forwards it directly to the destination host.
It de-encapsulates the packet, selects the appropriate path, and encapsulates the packet to forward it toward the destination host.
It de-encapsulates the packet and forwards it toward the destination host.
It selects the path and forwards it toward the destination host.

Which three statements characterize the transport layer protocols? (Choose three.)

TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols.
TCP uses port numbers to provide reliable transportation of IP packets.
UDP uses windowing and acknowledgments for reliable transfer of data.
TCP uses windowing and sequencing to provide reliable transfer of data.
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol.

user opens three browsers on the same PC to access www.cisco.com to search for certification course information. The Cisco web server sends a datagram as a reply to the request from one of the web browsers. Which information is used by the TCP/IP protocol stack in the PC to identify the destination web browser?

the destination IP address
the destination port number
the source IP address
the source port number

Which statement is true regarding the UDP client process during a session with a server?

Datagrams that arrive in a different order than that in which they were sent are not placed in order.
A session must be established before datagrams can be exchanged.
A three-way handshake takes place before the transmission of data begins.
Application servers have to use port numbers above 1024 in order to be UDP capable.

Which two components are configured via software in order for a PC to participate in a network environment? (Choose two.)

MAC address
IP address
kernel
shell
subnet mask

What are three characteristics of multicast transmission? (Choose three.)

The source address of a multicast transmission is in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
A single packet can be sent to a group of hosts.
Multicast transmission can be used by routers to exchange routing information.
Routers will not forward multicast addresses in the range of 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255.
Computers use multicast transmission to request IPv4 addresses.
Multicast messages map lower layer addresses to upper layer addresses.

Which two reasons generally make DHCP the preferred method of assigning IP addresses to hosts on large networks? (Choose two.)

It eliminates most address configuration errors.
It ensures that addresses are only applied to devices that require a permanent address.
It guarantees that every device that needs an address will get one.
It provides an address only to devices that are authorized to be connected to the network.
It reduces the burden on network support staff.

Which two tasks are functions of the presentation layer? (Choose two.)

compression
addressing
encryption
session control
authentication

What is the purpose of the network security authentication function?

to require users to prove who they are
to determine which resources a user can access
to keep track of the actions of a user
to provide challenge and response questions

uring data communications, a host may need to send a single message to a specific group of destination hosts simultaneously. This message is in the form of a _________ message.

Characteristics of user EXEC mode, Privileges, and global config mode

What are the three primary functions provided by Layer 2 data encapsulation? (Choose three.)

error correction through a collision detection method
session control using port numbers
data link layer addressing
placement and removal of frames from the media
detection of errors through CRC calculations
delimiting groups of bits into frames
conversion of bits into data signals

What is the purpose of adjacency tables as used in Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)?

to populate the forwarding information base (FIB)
to maintain Layer 2 next-hop addresses
to allow the separation of Layer 2 and Layer 3 decision making
to update the forwarding information base (FIB)

Which statement describes a characteristic of the network layer in the OSI model?

It manages the data transport between the processes running on each host.
In the encapsulation process, it adds source and destination port numbers to the IP header.
When a packet arrives at the destination host, its IP header is checked by the network layer to determine where the packet has to be routed.
Its protocols specify the packet structure and processing used to carry the data from one host to another.

A user gets an IP address of 192.168.0.1 from the company network administrator. A friend of the user at a different company gets the same IP address on another PC. How can two PCs use the same IP address and still reach the Internet, send and receive email, and search the web?

Both users must be using the same Internet Service Provider.
ISPs use Network Address Translation to change a user IP address into an address that can be used on the Internet.
ISPs use Domain Name Service to change a user IP address into a public IP address that can be used on the Internet.
Both users must be on the same network.

At a minimum, which address is required on IPv6-enabled interfaces?

link-local
unique local
site local
global unicast

Why does HTTP use TCP as the transport layer protocol?

to ensure the fastest possible download speed
because HTTP is a best-effort protocol
because transmission errors can be tolerated easily
because HTTP requires reliable delivery

What field content is used by ICMPv6 to determine that a packet has expired?

TTL field
CRC field
Hop Limit field
Time Exceeded field

Which statement is true about variable-length subnet masking?

Each subnet is the same size.
The size of each subnet may be different, depending on requirements.
Subnets may only be subnetted one additional time.
Bits are returned, rather than borrowed, to create additional subnets.

Which firewall technique blocks incoming packets unless they are responses to internal requests?

port filtering
stateful packet inspection
URL filtering
application filtering

A network technician is investigating network connectivity from a PC to a remote host with the address 10.1.1.5. Which command issued on the PC will return to the technician the complete path to the remote host?

trace 10.1.1.5
traceroute 10.1.1.5
tracert 10.1.1.5
ping 10.1.1.5

To prevent faulty network devices from carrying dangerous voltage levels, equipment must be _________ correctly

What is a possible hazard that can be caused by network cables in a fire?

The cable insulation could be flammable.
Users could be exposed to excessive voltage.
Network cables could be exposed to water.
The network cable could explode.

What device is commonly used to verify a UTP cable?

a multimeter
an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
a cable tester
an ohmmeter

What needs to be checked when testing a UTP network cable?

capacitance
wire map
inductance
flexibility

Which function is provided by TCP?

data encapsulation
detection of missing packets
communication session control
path determination for data packets

What does a router use to determine where to send data it receives from the network?

an ARP table
a routing table
the destination PC physical address
a switching table

Which router interface should be used for direct remote access to the router via a modem?

an inband router interface
a console port
a serial WAN interface
an AUX port

A technician is configuring a router to allow for all forms of management access. As part of each different type of access, the technician is trying to type the command login. Which configuration mode should be entered to do this task?

user executive mode
global configuration mode
any line configuration mode
privileged EXEC mode

Which statement is true about an interface that is configured with the IPv6 address command?

IPv6 traffic-forwarding is enabled on the interface.
A link-local IPv6 address is automatically configured on the interface.
A global unicast IPv6 address is dynamically configured on the interface.
Any IPv4 addresses that are assigned to the interface are replaced with an IPv6 address.

How many additional bits should be borrowed from a /26 subnet mask in order to create subnets for WAN links that need only 2 useable addresses?

2
3
4
5
6

An administrator issued the service password-encryption command to apply encryption to the passwords configured for enable password, vty, and console lines. What will be the consequences if the administrator later issues the no service password-encryption command?

It will remove encryption from all passwords.
It will reverse only the vty and console password encryptions.​
It will not reverse any encryption.
It will reverse only the enable password encryption.

What are two features of ARP? (Choose two.)

If a host is ready to send a packet to a local destination device and it has the IP address but not the MAC address of the destination, it generates an ARP broadcast.
An ARP request is sent to all devices on the Ethernet LAN and contains the IP address of the destination host and its multicast MAC address.
When a host is encapsulating a packet into a frame, it refers to the MAC address table to determine the mapping of IP addresses to MAC addresses.
If no device responds to the ARP request, then the originating node will broadcast the data packet to all devices on the network segment.
If a device receiving an ARP request has the destination IPv4 address, it responds with an ARP reply

What are two examples of the cut-through switching method? (Choose two.)

store-and-forward switching
fast-forward switching
CRC switching
fragment-free switching
QOS switching

A network administrator is enabling services on a newly installed server. Which two statements describe how services are used on a server? (Choose two.)

Data sent with a service that uses TCP is received in the order the data was sent.
A port is considered to be open when it has an active server application that is assigned to it.
An individual server can have two services that are assigned to the same port number.
An individual server cannot have multiple services running at the same time.
Server security can be improved by closing ports that are associated with unused services.

Network devices come in two physical configurations. Devices that have expansion slots that provide the flexibility to add new modules have a _________ configuration.