Textual concepts:

Contextual concepts:

Criteria for Literature
Quantitative Criterion:

Criteria for Literature
Qualitative Criterion:

Textual concepts of Literature:

real vs. fictional

mimesis

poiesis

literariness / poeticity

textual concepts of literature
other specific features

Contextual concepts of literature:

literature as a social practice

literature as a working definition

different readings of hamlet

hamlet as a revenge tragedy:

hamlet as study on seeming and being

hamlet as Freudian play

hamlet as study on patriarchy

literary critisicsm

meanings of a text

approach to literary criticism

Different schools, approaches and methods of literary criticism:

approaches centering on literary context

author-centered approaches

context-centered approach

text-centered approaches

reader-centered approaches

Roman Jakobson assigned six functions of language

Emotive/expressive function:

Conative function:

Referential function:

Phatic function:

Metalingual function:

Poetic function:

The literary system is

the definition of literature:

signals or indicators of fictionality

Contextual signals of fictionality

paratextual signals of fictionality

A characteristic feature of literature is ambiguity or polyvalence

According to Jakobson´s communication model, literariness is determined by the dominance of a particular function of the language

Literature can also be defined as

literary language

Metalanguage refers to

textual analysis

Textual interpretation

hermeneutics

Other factors that influence the interpretation of a text

An interpretation has to fulfil certain criterions to be regarded as scholarly:

The goal of interpretation is

STORY / PLOT

DISCOURSE

Narrativity can be defined as

The author of a story is not the mediator

The plot structure can be categorized via different terms:

teleological

cyclical

episodic

static

Characterization

static character

one-dimensional type character

personification

characters: individual and type

Characterization is concerned with

figural and authorial characterization

explicit characterization

implicit techniques of characterization

Figural forms of characterization

Techniques of characterization used in narrative texts must be considered under the question of

Story refers to

discourse

Story and Plot

story meaning

plot means

The smallest unit of a plot is called

Temporal Structure:

Order refers to

Discourse time refers to

Duration is the

Frequency deals with

singulative narration

repeating narration

iterative narration

Space:

Different functions of space could be:

The narrative situation

forms of narration

Homodiegetic

Autodiegetic

Heterodiegetic

The form of narration (Erzählformat) is another thing to consider

Focalisation (Fokalisierung):

External Focalisation:

Internal Focalisation:

The focalizer is

View (Bewusstseinsdarstellung):

The mode of narration can either be

The narrator and focalizer perform different functions:

Extradiegetic narrators are

An intradiegetic narrator refers to

homodiegetic narrator

A heterodiegetic narrator is

autodiegetic narrator

Focalization refers to

Focalization is external if

Focalization is internal

a so called narrator-focalizer

fixed focalization

multiple or variable focalization.

To identify the focalizer we must

free indirect discourse (erlebte Rede)

Another type is indirect discourse

stream of consciousness

Authorial narrative situation

First Person narration

Figural narration

Clues for Figural narration are:

The term ´psycho-narration´ describes a

Free indirect discourse (or ´narrated monologue´)

Narrative Situations

Brevity

Brevity in Quality

Overstructuring

Overstructuring on the level of typology

The sound is also overstructured

Deviation

Subjectivity

Selfreferentiality

Fragile aesthetic illusion

Genre: The term ´genre´ is derived from

Definitions of poetry:

brevity produces

Subjectivity is expressed via

The referential function of language points towards

The structural complexity of poems make up most of the central features of poetry, like:

The structural complexity is also found on

The rhyme scheme establishes

The most important generic features of poetry are:

Sonnets story level

Sonnets discuorse level

The Shakespearean (or ´English´) sonnet has

The Shakespearean (or ´English´) sonnet consists of

The external form of poetry

Types of metre:

Actual metre:

Syllabic metre:

Free Verse:

Accentual-syllabic metre:

The suprasegmental level:

How to describe the metre:

The prose rhythm:

The verse rhythm is

The prose rhythm can deviate from the metre in various ways:

Rhyme:

Types of Rhymes:

Couplets

Crossed rhyme

Chain rhyme

Embracing rhyme

Intermitted rhyme

Sporadic/occasional rhyme

Thorn line

Rhyme types depending on stress:

Full Rhyme

Rich/pure/perfect rhyme

Identical rhyme

Half/slant/pararhymes

Consonance

Assonance

Eye-rhyme

End-rhyme

Internal rhyme

Leonine rhyme

masculine rhyme

feminine rhyme

the smallest unit of verse

Types of feet:

iambic foot

trochee

dactyl

anapaest

spondee

amphibrach

A break in the metre which divides up a line of verse into parts is known as a

The rhythm of a poem is not only defined by

Caesuras are

Rhyme generally means a

Historical rhyme:

Mosaic rhyme:

Broken/split rhyme:

Rhyming Couplets

Alternate rhyme

Embracing/Envelope rhyme

Chain/Interlocking rhyme

Tail rhyme

The schematic representation of the sequence of end-rhymes within a stanza or a poem is described as its

Rhyme and other sound patterns can therefore have three functions

The Metaphor: