Na
K
Ca
Mg
Cl
Phosphate
Albumin

Related to aldosterone & ADH

Hypo = headache, nausea, confusion, weakness, decreased LOC, increased renal output

Hyper = thirst, decrease U/O, dry skin, decreased CO

Need for muscle contractility, cardiac function, neural transmission, blood clotting

Hypo = nervousness, irritability, tetany

Hyper = anorexia, N/V, somnolence, coma

This level of BUN can be caused by:

CHF
++ Protein in GI tract
GI bleed
Hypovolemia
Heart attack
Kidney disease
Shock
Urinary tract obstruction

This level of BUN can be caused by:

Liver failure
Low protein diet
Malnutrition
Over-hydration

HCO3
pH
paCO2
paO2

Creatinine (1-M and 2-F)
BUN
Glucose (1-fasting and 2-postprandial)

Hct M and F

Hgb M and F

WBC
Platelets
INR
aPTT
Pt

Ca (Hyper or Hypo)?

Anorexia, fatigue coma, polyuria, weakness, constipation, signs of dehydration

Ca (Hyper or Hypo)?

Nervousness, irritability, excitability, tetany

Influences cardiac function; aldosterone increases renal loses; when Na is reabsorbed, this is lost; alkalosis decreases this; acidosis increases this

K (Hyper or Hypo)?

Weakness, paralysis, hyporeflexia, increased sensistivity to digoxin, flattened T wave, prominent U wave

K (Hyper or Hypo)?

Irritability, N/V, diarrhea, peaked T wave, wide QRS, and depressed ST

This is needed for synthesis and metabolism of carbs, protein, and nucleic acids; also has an impact on organ function.

Mg (Hyper or Hypo)?

Neuromuscular symptoms. Weakness, irritability, tetany, ECG changes, delirium, convulsions

Mg (Hyper or Hypo)?

Wide PR and QT, wide QRS, lethargy, N/V, slurred speech

Protein made by the liver. If low, may be a sign of kidney disease or liver disease. Low levels occur when the body does not get enough nutrients (i.e. weight loss, chron's, low-protein diets). Increased levels - dehydration, high protein diet

Phosphate

Albumin

Chloride

BUN

Creatinine

Hct

Hgb