James has been having trouble digesting lean steaks and other protein-rich foods, and these foods seem to stay in his stomach longer than usual. James is likely lacking the enzyme ____.

A. bile
B. lipase
C. pepsin
D. amylase
E. glucagon

A baby is born without the ability to make parietal cells. This baby would not be able to ___.

A. emulsify fats
B. digest fats
C. absorb glucose and galactose
D. denature (unfold) milk proteins
E. digest lactose

Because of the hepatic portal vein, the _____ is the first organ to receive most of the products of digestion.

A. pancreas
B. liver
C. kidney
D. brain
E. heart

The products of fat digestion in the small intestine are reassembled into triglycerides by the intestinal epithelium, before combining them with proteins to form ___________.

A. chylomicrons
B. chyme
C. vesicles
D. bile
E. cholesterol

The pancreas does NOT secrete ______.

A. chymotrypsin
B. bicarbonate
C. bile
D. lipase
E. amylase
F. glucagon

The liver produces ________ that functions in emulsification of fats.

A. trypsin
B. bile
C. secretin
D. insulin
E. glucagon

Jane and Tom are worried about their newborn baby who has just begun to nurse, but chokes and turns blue whenever she is fed. Their baby most likely has a defect in her _____.

A. swallowing center in the brain
B. larynx
C. muscle in the upper-third of her esophagus
D. pharynx
E. muscle in the lower two-thirds of her esophagus

Saliva contains the hydrolytic enzyme, salivary amylase, which initiates the breakdown of the polysaccharide _________ into the disaccharide, maltose.

A. sucrose
B. fructose
C. cellulose
D. starch
E. glucose

Most digestion in humans occurs in the first 25 centimeters of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the _________________.

A. jejunum
B. omasum
C. colon
D. cecum
E. duodenum

Scientists in Switzerland compared the total surface area of the small intestine in different species of bats. When the calculations were done as if the inner mucosal surface was smooth, the average inner surface area of the intestinal tube was 9.1 cm2 in one species. The mucosal surface area increased to 48 cm2 when the villi were factored in and reached a total of 0.13 m2 after adding in the membrane surface area of the microvilli. Approximately what percent of the total surface area of the small intestine in these bats can be attributed to the membrane surface area of the microvilli?

A. 55%
B. 28%
C. 12%
D. 96%
E. 78%

The vertebrate digestive system consists of

A. a tube with a single opening that serves as mouth and anus.
B. a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs.
C. a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and no accessory organs.
D. a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus.
E. a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs.

The gastrointestinal tract does not include the ____.

A. larynx
B. esophagus
C. stomach
D. mouth
E. small intestine

\When diet and exercise has failed to produce any significant weight loss, some patients who are seriously overweight elect to have stomach surgery. A procedure galled gastric sleeve surgery removes more than half of the stomach, leaving a tube (or sleeve) about the size of a banana. Following gastric sleeve surgery, patients would have the least trouble ____.

A. eating carbohydrate-rich foods
B. eating protein-rich foods
C. eating large chunks of food of relatively hard consistency
D. eating large amounts of food at one time

The villi of the small intestine are invaginations of the _____________.

A. mucosa only
B. submucosa and mucosa
C. mucosa, submucosa and serosa
D. serosa only
E. muscularis only
F. serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa

All of the following teeth are found in adult vertebrates except

A. incisors.
B. molars.
C. premolars.
D. precanines.
E. canines.

The gizzard is to a bird as the _____________ is/are to a mammal.

A. stomach
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. teeth
E. cecum

Dorothy suffered a serious stroke that destroyed neurons in the swallowing center of her brain. This damage to her brain would inhibit _____.

A. mastication
B. using her tongue to shape the food into a bolus
C. her from tasting her food
D. peristalsis
E. secretion of saliva

Place the processes occurring in the digestive tract in the correct order.
I-Peristaltic waves of contraction propel the food along the esophagus.
II-Gastric juices are secreted with the arrival of food into the duodenum.
III-The acidic chyme is transferred through the pyloric sphincter.
IV-HCl and pepsin begin digestion of proteins into shorter polypeptides.

A. I, II, and III
B. IV, III, and II
C. I, IV, and III
D. II, III, and IV
E. I, II, and IV

A baby is born without the ability to make chief cells. What would be the best type of diet for this baby?

A. a diet low in complex carbohydrates such as starch
B. a diet low in minerals and vitamins
C. a low-fat diet
D. a diet low in protein
E. a diet low in simple sugars such as glucose and fructose