Healthy means being free of infections/diseases
Fitness is a measure of how well you can perform physical tasks
Fitness can be measured in different ways:
Strength
Speed
Agility
Flexibility
Stamina
Cardiovascular efficiency (the ability of the heart to supply the muscles with oxygen). This is tested by measuring oxygen uptake during exercise and blood pressure
The most effective way of measuring someone's fitness depends on the activity being carried out, e.g. you measure a runner's athlete by speed, not strength, like you would for a weight lifter
Blood is pumped around the body under pressure
This is done through contractions of the heart, which increase pressure of the blood
The blood leaves the heart and flows through arteries
Arteries split into thousands of tiny capillaries
Capillaries take blood to every cell in the body
The blood then flows back to the heart through veins
The pressure gets lower as the blood flows through the system
Systolic pressure in a healthy person is about 135
Diastolic pressure in a healthy person is about 85
Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg)
Blood pressure can be increased by:
Smoking
Being overweight
Drinking too much alcohol
Being under lots of stress for a long time
High blood pressure can cause:
Blood vessels to burst. This can lead to strokes, brain and kidney damage
High blood pressure can be decreased through lifestyle changes, e.g. eating a balanced diet & regular exercise
In extreme cases drugs can be used to treat the problem
Low blood pressure causes poor circulation. Tissues don't receive all the oxygen & glucose they need. If the brain doesn't receive enough glucose & oxygen, you can get dizzy & end up fainting

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