Which behavioral theory model is based on a prediction that people engage in a health behavior depending on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem?
Transtheoretical model of behavioral change
Health belief model
Self-efficacy model
Stages of change model
What is the most influential source of self-efficacy information?
Past performance experience
Imaginal experience
Vicarious experience
Emotional state
People with low self-efficacy are more likely to choose non-challenging tasks that are easy to accomplish.
A prospective client tells you that he has been going for 2-mile walks a couple of times each week for the past two months, and that he joined the gym because he is finally ready to adopt a more structured workout regimen. What is this individual’s stage of change?
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Which of the following intervention strategies would be LEAST appropriate when working with someone in the precontemplation stage?
Make inactivity a relevant issue
Provide information about the risks of being inactive and the benefits of being active
Provide information from multiple sources (e.g., news, posters, pamphlets, and general health-promotion material)
Introduce different types of exercise activities to find something the individual enjoys
_______________ involves the number of pros and cons perceived about adopting and/or maintaining an activity program.
Processes of change
Self-efficacy
Operant conditioning
Decisional balance
Which of the following occurs when a positive stimulus that once followed a behavior is removed and the likelihood that the behavior will reoccur is decreased?
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Extinction
Punishment
A client leaves a gym bag on the front seat of his car each morning as a reminder to work out on his way home from work. What behavior-change strategy is he using?
Stimulus control
Observational learning
Shaping
When should behavior contracts and written agreements be revised or updated?
Whenever the client has a relapse into inactivity
After the client finishes his final purchased workout
Never; they should be permanent documents
When goals are met or programs are modified
After several months of working with a client, a personal trainer notes that the client’s self-efficacy and ability levels have improved. How should this affect the amount of external feedback the trainer provides to the client?
The trainer should increase the amount of external feedback
The amount of feedback should not change
The trainer should taper the amount of external feedback
The trainer should immediately stop providing external feedback
