Weather and climate shape our lives in many different ways, from the clothes we wear to our everyday activities. We also depend on them for many things: farmers need rain for their crops; boats need strong winds for their sails and tourists like sunshine when on holiday. But what causes these conditions? Can we always predict them?

1 Can you name any of the symbols on a weather map?
2 Which countries can you see on the maps?
3 what type of weather can we see on the maps?
4 Where was this photograph taken?

sailing
farming
going on holiday
hiking
skiing
building

Read the descriptions and say the correct answers.
Then, match them to the pictures.
1. The season when temperatures are high and the weather is generally sunny in temperature climates
2. In this season temperatures are warming up, flowers are blooming and it can be a bit rainy.
3. This type of tree does not lose its leaves in autumn

I love this one. Orange trees always smell nice in spring

Listen and read Ana and Tom are visiting the B local TV weather station. love this picture That one won last month's picture of the month' rnmnotition that

It does get very hot and sticky in the city, though! This one is my favourite love summer weather!

This one is my favourite. I love summer weather! I like these two. The autumn leaves look really cool And those evergreen trees keep their leaves all year round

Day of the week
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Evening Daytime It is cloudy and there is There is a light breeze and some clouds. a Cool wind.
The sky is clear and There is a gentle breeze there is ice on the cars. again, but the skies are clear.
It is rainy but there is no The rain gets heavier ice on the cars. and it is colder. rnnu ing and there It stops snowing,

Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
The rain gets heavier is no It is rainy, but there and it is colder. ice on the cars It is snowing and there It stops snowing. but it rains lightly. is a strong wind. The Sun comes out and It is so foggy that we it gets a little warmer. cannot see the Moon.

1 What season do you think it was when these notes were taken? Give reasons for your answer.
2 what is the weather like where you are? Use Ana and Tom's project to help you write a description. Then draw it in your notebook.

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Weather
Weather describes all the atmospheric conditions present in a specific place and time. Water, air and heat from the Sun work together toTorm weather we talk about four different factors when we talk about weather Temperature humidity wind precipitation

WIND

Temperature is a measure of hot or cold the air is. We use thermometer to gauge this
Thermometers can have two different types of scales:
The Celsius or Centigrade(oC) temperature scale, where freezing at 0 oC The Fahrenheit(F) scale, where freezing at 32 F

Humidity
Humidity describes how much water vapour is present in the air- When it is very humid, fog and mist can form.
We use a hygrometer to measure humidity.

Wind
Wind is moving air that can move at many different speeds.
The first international standard for measuring wind speed was created by Admiral Beaufort in 1806.
It includes categories such as breeze gale or hurricane, and is still widely used today.
We use an anemometer to measure wind speed.

Precipitation
Precipitation is water that falls t the ground from the atmosphere. can fall as a liquid, such as rain, or as a solid such as snow or hail

To measure precipitation we use a rain gauge.

Did you know?
In 2007, the European Union banned mercury thermometers to help protect the environment. Mercury is highly poisonous.

1 What are the main components of weather?
2 What happens when there is a lot of humidity in the air?
3 Name the two temperature scales. Then find out who invented each one. Did they invent anything else?

4 Find out the average wind speed for the last week where you live and place it on the Beaufort wind scale.
5 different ways that weather can affect our Describe the daily activities.

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Precipitation
We talk about precipitation when water is released from clouds in the form of rain, drizzle, sleet, hail or snow. The conditions inside the cloud and the temperature outside it determine what form of precipitation is released.

Rain
is the name given to water droplets that measure more than 0.5 mm across.

Smaller rain droplets form drizzle, a light rain.

drizzle

If the air is a littie cooler some of frozen crystals form.
This results in a mixture of rain and snow, which we call sleet.

Hail forms when water droplets are pushed up b ris air currents in thunderstorms. They freeze in the doud and then start to fall again. As they fall they melt sight Bigger stones are created when water droplets are pushed up again and refreeze.

If the cloud is low and the air around it is cold and dry, the little droplets inside form ice crystals, which fall as snow

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Clouds
clouds form when warm air rises and then cools down. Different types of clouds result in different types of weather.

cumulus clouds:
These are fat, fluffy clouds and are a sign of good weather.

Stratus clouds: These clouds form in layers and are located low in the sky They often bring drizzle and fog.

Cirrus clouds:
These clouds are thinner and are located higher up in the sky. They usually mean that bad weather is coming

Stages of development

Warm air rises from the ground As it expands and cools, condensation begins.

This condensation releases heat, which warms the air. This expands and rises, resulting more condensation.

Different cloud systems occur at different altitudes This is because condensation occurs at different heights

4 Draw the clouds that you can see outside now. What sort of weather do you predict for later?
5 Find out about other types of clouds that do not appear on this page. What are they called?

Did you know?
Clouds contain millions of droplets of ice and water!