Importance of Surveying

IFS

GIS

groma

Libella

Chorobates

Total Station Instrument

GNSS

GPS

ellipsoid

Control Surveys

Topographic surveys

Land, Boundary, and Cadastral Surveys

Original Surveys

Retractment Surveys

Subdivision Surveys

condominium surveys

hydrographic surveys

Alignment Survey

Construction Surveys

As-built Surveys

Mine Surveys

Solar Surveys

Optical tooling

OSHA

LIS

NGS

BLM

USGS

ACSM

SAGES

Direct Observation

Indirect Observation

MSL

Tidal Datum

BM

USCGS

NGVD29

NAVD88

BS

HI

FS

hi

TP

EDM

Those that remain in measured values after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated

Personal Errors

accuracy

Natural Errors

Integrity

TP

Error

Instrumental Error

Systematic errors

NOAA

Leveling

PLS

DMA

DOD

IFS

Sexagesimal System

Interior Angles

Exterior Angles

Angles to the right

Angles of Deflection

Geodetic Meridian

Astronomic Meridian

Magnetic Meridian

Grid Meridian

Record Meridian

Assumed Meridian

Azimuths

Bearings

Magnetic Declination

Traverse

Departure

Latitude

Simple Curve

Compound Curve

Reverse Curve

spiral curve

Super Elevation

Arc Definition of Degree of Curve

Chord Definition of Degree of Curve

Sag curve

Crest Curve

Local Attraction

alidade

parallax

Closed Traverse

Link Polygon

Open traverse

Meridian Distance

PLSS

Topographic Survey

Contour

US NMAS

Bar Scale

public lands

quadrangle

ranges

tiers

witness corner

Meander Corner

obliterated corner

lost corner

Broken-back curve

Degrees of difference in magnetic declination between the northeast portion of Maine and the northwest part of Washington

Upper part of the total station that includes the telescope, graduated circles, and all other elements necessary for measure angles and distances

permits accurate centering over a point

run as true parallels of latitude 24 miles apart in the same manner as was the baseline

townships divided into these, numbered from 1 to 36