Biological Rhythms - Ultradian and Infradian

How long does an Ultradian Rhythm last for?

What is an example of an ultradian rhythm?

How many stages of sleep are there?

What are the first 4 stages of sleep called?

What is the 5th stage of sleep called?

How long does one sleep cycle last?

What are stages 1 and 2, how are they characterised?

What type of waves does the 'awake' brain produce?

What does a beta wave change to in light sleep when you become more relaxed?

What happens to these waves as you fall asleep?

What are theta waves also accompanied by?

What are stages 3 and 4 called and what are they characterised by?

What is it difficult to do in SWS?

What happens in SWS?

What happens in REM sleep?

What happens as the sleep stage cycle continues throughout the night?

How long is a sleep cycle in infants?

What is an issue with studies on REM sleep?

Who conducted a study showing this issue and what did they do/find?

Why is the link between REM and dreaming important?

What did Hobson and McCarley (1977) propose?

What are theories like Hobson and McCarley based on?

What is another example of an ultradian rhythm?

We have a 90 minute sleep cycle throughout the night so what does this suggest?

Who researched and discovered this cycle?

What does the basic rest-activity cycle show?

What is the importance of this 90-minute rhythm?

How long does an infradian rhythm last?

What is an example of an infradian rhythm?

What is the function of the menstrual cycle?

Which hormones does the pituitary gland release?

What do these hormones do?

What happens when the egg has ripened?

What does progesterone do?

What happens 2 weeks after ovulation if there is no pregnancy?

Why is the menstrual cycle an infradian rhythm?

What is the monthly rhythm that affects males?

Who conducted a study on this and what did they find?

Can the menstrual cycle be controlled by exogenous cues?

Who conducted a study to show this, what did they do and what did they find?

What do the findings of Russell et al suggest?

What are the consequences of the menstrual cycle?

What are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?

Why was PMS dismissed for many years and what do we know about it now?

What did Dalton (1964) find?

Name a second infradian rhythm

Infradian rhythms don't always happen once a month, they can also happen...

What is seasonal affective disorder?

Do we all get SAD?

What causes this depression?

What could SAD be a consequence of as opposed to being a natural outcome of infradian rhythms?

How does the research make up a deterministic approach

Who was Katharina Dalton and what did she argue?

How is this deterministic?

Is there research that contradicts this, if so by who and what did they do?

Is there are Real World Application from this research?

What are the lights equivalent to?

What do SAD sufferers report after using this box?

What is a criticism of this treatment?

Who conducted a study to prove this placebo effect?