Excretion

Why must carbon dioxide be removed from the body?

Why must nitrogenous compounds be removed from the body?

What two vessels carry blood to the liver?

What is the sinusoid and where is it?

What two vessels carry blood away from the liver?

What is the name of a liver cell and what is its ultrastructure?

How the cells arranged within the liver?

What is a kupfer cell?

How is urea formed within the liver?

What are the two vessels of the kidney and what are their functions?

What's the structure of the kidney?

What are the vessels associated with the Bowman's capsule?

What are the five major parts of the nephron?

What substances are moved into the Bowman's capsule during ultrafiltration?

What substances are left in the capillaries after ultrafiltration?

How does the water potential decrease in the descending limb of the loop of henle?

How does water potential increase in the ascending limb of the loop of henle?

How is the salt concentration increased in the medulla?

What is the concentration of the urine found at the top of the ascending limb?

What happens to the urine in the distal convoluted tubule?

What happens when the urine travels down the collecting duct?

Osmoregulation

What would happen on a cold day if a lot of fluid was drunk, in terms of osmoregulation?

What would happen on a hot day if very little was drunk, in terms of osmoregulation?

What layer are between the blood in the capillary and the lumen of the Bowman's capsule?

What happens when filtrate moves along the nephron and where is most of the filtrate reabsorbed?

How does reabsorption occur in the proximal convoluted tubule?

How does water reabsorption happen inside the PCT?

What is the term that describes the arrangement of the loop of henle?

What is the name of the hormone that affects the collecting duct? How does it work?

How is the concentration of the hormone associated with osmoregulation affected/ controlled?

How does dialysis work?

How is the liver involved in detoxification?