Stem cells and differentiation Biology AS cellular organisation

Frage 1 von 16

1

What are stem cells?

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They are cells that are specialised to carry out their function.
They are unspecialised cells that can develop into a different types of cell.
They are cells that are in plant stems.

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Frage 2 von 16

2

Where are stem cells found in humans?

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Heart
Kidney
Bone Marrow
Lungs
Early embryos
Tissue fluid

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Frage 3 von 16

6

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Stem cells to become new cells, which then become .
The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job is called .
Stem cells are able to divide to produce more cells, i.e. they can themselves.
In animals, stem cells are used to damaged cells.

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Frage 4 von 16

8

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Bones are living ( organs, systems, structures ), containing ( nerves, neurons, neutrophils ) and ( blood vessels, collagen, elastic fibres ).
The main bones in the body have ( marrows, memory cells, meristem ) in their centres.
Here, adult stem cells ( divide, join, move ) and ( differentiate, change, go ) to replace worn out blood cells – ( erythrocytes, phagocytes, neutrophils ) (red blood cells) and ( neutrophils, erythrocytes, phagocytes ) (white blood cells to fight infection).

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Frage 5 von 16

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Plants are always ❌ so they need new ❌ and roots throughout their lives.
Stem cells in plants can ❌ into various plant tissues.
In plants, stem cells are found in ❌ (place where ❌ can take place).
In the root and the stem, stem cells of the ❌ divide and differentiate to become ❌ vessels and ❌ sieve tubes.

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growing

photosynthesising

respiring

shoots

leaves

differentiate

divide

change

meristems

marrow

mesophyll

vascular cambium

ventricle

veins

growth

respiration

photosynthesis

xylem

phloem

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Frage 6 von 16

2

What are the uses of stem cells in medicine?

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Scientists think they can be used to repair damaged tissue (e.g. heart)
Scientists think they can be used to treat neurological disorders (like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s).
Scientists think they can be used to cure bacterial diseases like TB.
Scientists think they can enable doctors to diagnose illnesses instantly.

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Frage 7 von 16

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Heart disease means the tissue is so the body can’t replace damaged heart cells. Researchers are trying to develop ways of using stem cells to make heart cells to repair the damaged tissue.

Alzheimer’s  nerve cells in brain in increasing numbers causing severe loss. Researchers hope to use stem cells to regrow healthy cells in people with Alzheimer’s.

Parkinson’s disease causes uncontrollable tremors. Loss of cells in the brain that produce dopamine, which is needed to movement. Transplanted stem cells may help to the dopamine-producing cells.

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Frage 8 von 16

3

Red blood cells have the following functions and adaptations:

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They carry oxygen in the blood.
They have a biconcave disc shape so their is a larger surface area for gas exchange.
They have no nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin.
They have a biconvex disc shape to give a larger surface area.
They send signals to the central nervous system.
They defend body against disease.

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Frage 9 von 16

1

What is the function of a neutrophil?

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To defend the body against disease.
To transport oxygen.
To send signals to brain.

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Frage 10 von 16

3

What are the adaptations of a neutrophil?

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Flexible shape allows them to engulf pathogens/foreign particles.
Many lysosomes in cytoplasm have digestive enzymes to break down engulfed particles
They have many mitochondria to provide energy for active transport
They have no nucleus.
They have multi-lobed nucleus.
They have cilia on their surface to beat pathogens away.

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Frage 11 von 16

7

❌ cells cover the surfaces of organs.
Cells joined by ❌ membranes and membranes at base.
Ciliated epithelia (airways) have ❌ that beat to remove particles away.
Other ones (in ❌ intestine) have ❌ to increase their surface area.
❌ epithelia (in lungs) are very thin to allow efficient diffusion of ❌

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Epithelial

Skin

Surface

interlinking

plasma

cilia

root hairs

microvilli

goblet cells

small

large

Squamous

gases

water

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Frage 12 von 16

6

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( Sperm, Egg ) cells have a flagellum so they can ( swim, jump ) to the egg.
Have lots of ( mitochondria, lysosomes ) to provide ( energy, enzymes ) to swim.
( Acrosome, Phagosome ) in head contains ( digestive, biological ) enzymes to enable sperm to penetrate the surface of the egg.

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Frage 13 von 16

1

Palisade mesophyll cells are in the roots.

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WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 14 von 16

4

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mesophyll cells do most of .
They contain many so absorb lots of sunlight.
They have walls – so CO2 can easily diffuse into the cell.

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Frage 15 von 16

6

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( Root hair, Epithelium, Meristem ) cells:
absorb water + ( mineral ions, carbon dioxide, waste ) from soil.
have a ( large, small ) surface area for absorption.
Have thin, ( permeable, long, impermeable ) wall for entry of water and ions.
Have extra ( mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes ) (energy for active transport) in their ( cytoplasm, plasma membrane, vacuole ).

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Frage 16 von 16

7

❌ cells are found in ❌ with gap between them to form ❌.
These are tiny pores in surface of leaf for ❌ exchange.
In light, guard cells take up water and become ❌ (swollen).
Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards, ❌ stomata.
Allows gas exchange for ❌.

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Guard

palisade mesophyll

companion

pairs

triplets

stoma

stem cells

gas

water

solute

turgid

flaccid

small

opening

closing

photosynthesis

respiration

	Erstellt von Aaisha Ahmed vor etwa 8 Jahre

AS - Level Biology Quiz am Stem cells and differentiation Biology AS cellular organisation, erstellt von Aaisha Ahmed am 02/04/2016.

Stem cells and differentiation Biology AS cellular organisation

Frage 1 von 16

What are stem cells?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 2 von 16

Where are stem cells found in humans?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

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Frage 3 von 16

Fülle die Lücken, um den Text zu vervollständigen.

Stem cells to become new cells, which then become . The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job is called . Stem cells are able to divide to produce more cells, i.e. they can themselves. In animals, stem cells are used to damaged cells.

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What are the uses of stem cells in medicine?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

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Frage 8 von 16

Red blood cells have the following functions and adaptations:

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Frage 9 von 16

What is the function of a neutrophil?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 10 von 16

What are the adaptations of a neutrophil?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

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Frage 11 von 16

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Frage 12 von 16

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Frage 13 von 16

Palisade mesophyll cells are in the roots.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

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Frage 14 von 16

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mesophyll cells do most of . They contain many so absorb lots of sunlight. They have walls – so CO2 can easily diffuse into the cell.

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Frage 16 von 16

❌ cells are found in ❌ with gap between them to form ❌. These are tiny pores in surface of leaf for ❌ exchange. In light, guard cells take up water and become ❌ (swollen). Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards, ❌ stomata. Allows gas exchange for ❌.

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Stem cells to become new cells, which then become .
The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job is called .
Stem cells are able to divide to produce more cells, i.e. they can themselves.
In animals, stem cells are used to damaged cells.

mesophyll cells do most of .
They contain many so absorb lots of sunlight.
They have walls – so CO2 can easily diffuse into the cell.

❌ cells are found in ❌ with gap between them to form ❌.
These are tiny pores in surface of leaf for ❌ exchange.
In light, guard cells take up water and become ❌ (swollen).
Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls force them to bend outwards, ❌ stomata.
Allows gas exchange for ❌.