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Earliest migrants to North America were required to adapt to which initial environmental challenge?
Ice and glaciers
Drought and heat
Rising oceans
Shortages of game and herd animals
The maize culture of the Southwest was most similar to the pre-Columbian culture of the
Cahokia
Pueblo
Algonquian
Creek
Before the arrival of Europeans, Great Basin and Western Plains Indians
developed larger permanent communities.
responded to a lack of resources by developing mobile lifestyles.
became dependent on agriculture and maize cultivation.
created strong trade networks among North American tribes.
Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Spanish exploration and conquest created a racially mixed culture known as
mulatto
mestizo
Chicano
Latino
Which 15th-century European country dominated the African slave trade?
Portugal
Holland
England
France
The encomienda system primarily relied on labor from
African slaves.
Spanish indentured servants.
American Indians.
women
Since the 15th and 16th centuries, what has been the most enduring legacy from Spanish conquest and exploration of the Americas?
Increased wealth for Spain
Promotion of a large empire
Converts to Christianity
Greater standing in the world
Juan de Oñate’s 1598 subjugation of natives who resisted Spanish rule is best illustrated by his attack against natives in
Stono
Acoma
Santa Fe
San Antonio
Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English colonization differed from the Spanish, Dutch, and French because England
eventually established colonies based primarily on agriculture.
did not seek to acquire land from the native populations.
exclusively used African slave labor for mining and agriculture.
was dedicated to the religious conversion and assimilation of native populations.
Which British North American colony violently confronted the Powhatan Indians and justified their actions by their strong belief in their racial and cultural superiority?
Massachusetts Bay
Virginia
Rhode Island
Pennsylvania
Which of the following was the largest slave rebellion in the British North American colonies prior to the Revolutionary War?
Stono Rebellion
Pope’s Rebellion
Bacon’s Rebellion
Shay’s Rebellion
Who, as governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, claimed that Puritans should establish a “City upon a Hill”?
John Wesley
Lord Baltimore
Roger Williams
John Winthrop
Before 1750, what was the most frequent reaction of British colonists in North America to increased trade regulations and a growing mistrust of England’s commitment to support the colonies?
Compliance with the laws of England
Calls for a revolution
Increased smuggling
The creation of large-scale industries
Which American Indian confederation, reaching from the St. Lawrence Valley to the eastern Great Lakes, successfully resisted both native and colonial challenges during the 18th century?
The Cherokee
The Iroquois
The Huron
The Ojibwa
Starting in the early 18th century, some southern British colonies adopted slave codes from Barbados that
were similar to the French and Spanish standards for slave treatment
ensured the protection of basic human rights for slaves.
limited the total number of slaves on a plantation.
led to the emergence of strict racial categories in colonial society.
With the exception of the Dominion of New England, British governmental oversight of the North American colonies prior to 1750 was
strong and consistent
closely aligned with colonial governments.
laissez-faire, or hands-off.
limited to the Southern colonies.
Which 18th-century religious movement in the British colonies most clearly signified growing religious independence, diversity, and uniqueness?
Puritanism
Deism
The Enlightenment
The Great Awakening
The Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting colonial migration west of the Appalachian Mountains resulted from all of the following EXCEPT
ongoing Indian uprisings such as Pontiac’s Rebellion.
Parliament’s decision to punish the colonies for their refusal to pay taxes.
British weariness to engage in further military conflicts.
British determination to reduce expenditures after the Seven Years’ War.
Which of the following set of historical events is in the correct chronological order?
Stamp Act, Committees of Correspondence, Intolerable Acts, Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party, Committees of Correspondence, Intolerable Acts, Stamp Act
Stamp Act, Committees of Correspondence, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts
Committees of Correspondence, Intolerable Acts, Boston Tea Party, Stamp Act
Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the growing colonial sentiment toward independence in the 1770s?
Anger over numerous attempts to tax the colonists and colonists’ perceived lack of political representation in Parliament
Frustration over the British government’s refusal to send troops to protect the colonies from Indian attacks
An emerging ideology of resistance based on English common law, Enlightenment ideals, and Whig political thought
A growing sense of American identity and grassroots movements of laborers, artisans, women
Which of the following is properly matched?
The Treaty of Greenville—gave Americans free navigation on the Mississippi River and the right of deposit in New Orleans
Jay’s Treaty—the British promised to abandon their forts in the Northwest, which averted a possible war with England
The Neutrality Proclamation of 1793—Indian cession of present-day Indiana and Ohio to the United States
Pinckney’s Treaty—declared America’s refusal to get involved in European conflicts
The Alien and Sedition Acts did all of the following EXCEPT
ease popular fears of an imminent war with France by quieting public criticism and opening direct negotiations with the French government.
prompt Jefferson and Madison to author the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions arguing that the states had the final authority over federal laws.
empower the president to deport “dangerous” foreigners and allow the prosecution of anyone who criticized the president or federal government.
create a constitutional crisis and backlash ultimately contributing to the election of Jefferson to the presidency in 1800.
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was
written in response to the Declaration of Independence.
a widely read criticism of continued British rule of the colonies.
directly responsible for King George III formally declaring the colonies in rebellion.
seen as too radical by many of the founding fathers.
The Articles of Confederation suffered from all of the following weaknesses EXCEPT
requiring a two-thirds majority vote to pass legislation.
lacking an executive branch and federal court system.
disallowing direct taxation of the states or individuals.
prohibiting amendments to the original articles.
Which of the following was NOT a provision of Hamilton’s financial plan?
Taxing the states to pay off the war debt
Paying the full amount owed on confederation bonds
Placing an excise tax on whiskey
Creating a national bank
Which of the following was an outcome of the American Revolution?
It generated a new spirit of equality, dramatically improving relations with Indian tribes.
It halted the westward movement of settlers for a generation.
It inspired a number of other independence movements.
It was widely condemned overseas for protecting the interests of colonial elites.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, considered by many to be the greatest success of the Articles of Confederation Congress apart from the Declaration of Independence, did all of the following EXCEPT
resolve the western land claims of the original 13 states and create a process for territories to eventually gain statehood.
set aside large reservations for Indian tribes in the area, guaranteeing a generation of mostly peaceful relations with American Indians.
prohibit slavery north of the Ohio River between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.
require the careful surveying of land to avoid property disputes and require that all larger townships set aside land for a public school.
In which area did the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans most agree?
Foreign policy
Constitutional interpretation
Economics
Indian policy
