which psychologist studied object permanence and concluded it is innate.
Bee
Baillargeon
Chomsky
Name three nativist psychologists
Piaget
Vygotsky
The informational processing approach. According to Bee, Chomsky, Piaget,( Bee,, Chomsky,, Piaget, ) four ways in which information processing changes are Capacity Durability( Capacity, Durability ), Awareness, Rules Learning( Rules, Learning ) and Efficiency
According to Chomsky, children acquire language without help. They have an innate language acquisition device.
Baillargeon believes object permanence is learned through interaction with the environment.
In Baillargeon's study of ❌, children were shown expected events and unexpected events. Expected = ❌ could ❌ through window as it was too short. Unexpected = Carrot should have been viewable as it was ❌ to be seen through window however wasn't there . They looked ❌ at the unexpected event so they thought it should have been there - object permanence.
A criticism of Baillargeon's study is that she didn't study new borns but claimed their behaviour was innate.
The information processing approach says
With age perception, memory and problem solving become sophisticated.
Language aids cognitive development.
Scaffolding aids learning.
In whose study were 20 children shown 7 images and asked to recall them. In this study 5 year olds did not use verbal repetition. 10 year olds did use this to aid recall. This shows with age they develop rules for problem solving.
Flavell
A criticism of Flavell's study is that when the younger children were taught to use verbal repetition they all recalled at the same rate. This shows their memory doesn't become more sophisticated. Instead they develop better rules for memory recall (repetition) and so their efficiency increases.
Siegler's over lapping wave experiment. He showed children between 5 and 17 1-5 20-30( 5 and 17, 1-5, 20-30 ) a balance scale with weights on either side. He moved the weights around and asked them which side would fall would'nt move( would fall, would'nt move ). 5yrs - chose side with most weights that had the most weights furthest away( with most weights, that had the most weights furthest away ). 9yrs - chose the side that had the most weights furthest away from the fulcrum. Over 9yrs took into consideration ignored( took into consideration, ignored ) both the number of weights and distance from the fulcrum
Siegler said we develop sets of rules for problem solving as we get older.
What is involved in Scaffolding?
Demonstration
Imitation
Instruction
Praise
Excess help
Encouragment
Removal of help when capable
Which study supports scaffolding
Connor et al and problem solving
Flavell and recall of images with verbal repetition
Piaget and three mountains
What is guided participation?
The use of scaffolding to teach cultural skills
A language acquisition device
Object permanence
Which study proves guided participation as a way of learning cultural skills
Chris and Greenfield - Mexican weaving.
Dasen - Australian spatial skills.
According to Vygotsky, culture affects the rate of learning. Which study supports this?
Connor et al - Problem solving and scaffolding.
Piaget - Three mountains task
who believes language aids cognitive development ?
In the Behrend et al study they found that children who used inner speech verbal repetition( inner speech, verbal repetition ) were better worse( better, worse ) at problem solving than those who didn't.
Vygotsky believed scaffolding expands the zone of proximal development. What is this?
The gap between what you can do alone and with help
The ability to see someone else's view point
Understanding that something can belong to a sub category that belongs to a over-all category.
Piaget and Vygotsky beliefs about cognitive development differed greatly. Piaget thought children were mini-scientists mini - apprentices( mini-scientists, mini - apprentices ) whereas Vygotsky believed they were mini - apprentices mini - scientists( mini - apprentices, mini - scientists ). Piaget believed children could only learn when cognitively ready encouraged( cognitively ready, encouraged ) whereas Vygotsky believed they could be encouraged to learn through scaffolding. Piaget believed cog dev occurs at the same rate at differing rates( the same rate, at differing rates ) for everyone whereas Vygotsky believed culture nature( culture, nature ) impacted your development. Piaget believed cog dev is essential to learn language whereas Vygotsky believed language aided cognitive development.
