Describe the properties of alpha radiation.

Describe the properties of beta radiation.

Describe the properties of gamma radiation.

Describe the properties of neutron radiation.

Describe the properties of positron and radiation.

Recall the relative masses and relative electric charges of protons, neutrons, electrons and positrons.

Recall which particles in an atom are found in equal numbers.

Describe the process of β- decay.

Describe the process of β+ decay.

Explain the effects on the atomic (proton) number and mass (nucleon) number of α, decay.

Explain the effects on the atomic (proton) number and mass (nucleon) number of β- decay.

Explain the effects on the atomic (proton) number and mass (nucleon) number of γ decay.

Describe the features of the N-Z curve for stable isotopes.

Recall which decay nuclei with high values of Z (above 82) usually undergo.

Recall which decay an isotope above the stability curve will undergo.

Explain why an isotope above the stability curve will undergo (β-) decay.

Recall which decay an isotope below the stability curve will undergo.

Explain why an isotope below the stability curve will undergo (β+) decay.

Recall what protons and neutrons contain.

Describe the arrangement of quarks in protons and neutrons.

Explain, through calculation, the arrangement of up and down quarks in protons in terms of charge and mass.

Explain, through calculation, the arrangement of up and down quarks in neutrons in terms of charge and mass.

Explain (β-) decay as a process that involves quarks.

Explain (β+) decay as a process that involves quarks.

Recall what is released from nuclei that have undergone radioactive decay.

Explain why gamma radiation is released from nuclei that have undergone radioactive decay.

Describe the dangers of ionising radiation.

Explain the precautions taken to ensure the safety of people exposed to radiation.

Compare and contrast the treatment of tumours using radiation applied internally or externally.

Describe palliative care including the use of radiation in some instances.

Explain the use of radioactive substances as tracers in diagnosis of medical conditions.

Explain the use of radioactive substances in PET scanners in diagnosis of medical conditions.

Explain why isotopes used in PET scanners have to be produced nearby.