C: hospitals, varied... generalised. 12. If just 1, might have been that hospital alone that 'labelled' mental illness.

8, in 12 hospitals, able to be replicated. rel

:( said, heard voices, a standard symptom of schizophrenia, so, perhaps unsurprising, considered to have schizophrenia.

perhaps equally unsurprising that pseudo-patients were wrongly identified in Study 2 bc staff were wrongly informed, some would be presenting themselves for treatment in a 3 month period. These 'lies', likely to have guided the results...

:( In the 40 yrs since the study was carried out, institutions have changed their working practices considerably. more emphasis on care in the community... might be wrong to C: mental illness is still hard to diagnose.