Pharmacology

Neuropharmacology

Psychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology

Drug Actions

Drug Effects

Specific Drug Effects

Non-specific drug effects

Bioavailability

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Drug Map

Different routes of administration

Oral (PO)

First-pass metabolism (first-pass effect)

Intravenous (IV)

Intramuscular (IM)

Intraperitoneal (IP)

Subcutaneous (SC)

Inhalation

T

Transdermal

phospholipids

hydrophollic

hydrophobic

Lipid-soluble drugs

passive diffusion

concentration gradient

Ionization

pH scale and ionization

Weak

Environmental factors and Ionization

Ion trapping

Absorption Factors

Blood Brain Barrier

Blood flow and concentration

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

Typical Capillaries

Intercellular Clefts

Fenestrations

Pinocytotic Vesicles

Brain Capillaries

Area Postrema | Chemical Trigger Zone (CTZ)

Median Eminence

Placental Barrier

Drug Depots

Depot Binding

Biotransformation

First-Order Kinetics

Half-life

Zero-Order Kinetics

Microsomal Enzymes

Two kinds of biotransformation

Phase 1, Nonsynthetic

Phase 2, Synthetic

Cytochrome P450

Notes on biotransformation

Factors Influencing Drug Metabolism

Enzyme Induction

Enzyme Inhibition

Drug Competition

Genetic Polymorphisms

Acetaldehyde