1.1 Atomic Structure

Why do we need to know the masses of atoms and molecules?

What 4 things can we find out using a mass spectrometer?

How do you calculate the Ar using a mass spectrometer?

What are the 4 stages of a ToF mass spectrometer?

What are the 2 types of ionisation?

What happens in electron bombardment and when is it used?

What happens in electrospray ionisation and when is it used?

What is the equation for electron bombardment?

What is the equation for electrospray ionisation?

What happens in the acceleration stage?

What happens in the ion drift stage?

What happens at the detector?

What does a mass spectrum show?

What does the amount of peaks signify on a mass spectrum?

How can you tell how many shells an element has by looking at the periodic table?

How can you tell how many electrons on the outer shell an element has by looking at the periodic table?

What is the proper term for "shells"?

What is the proper term for "electrons on outer shell"?

What are orbitals?

How many electrons do each type of orbitals hold?

What are the 4 types of orbitals?

What are shells split into?

What can an s sub-shell hold?

What can a p sub-shell hold?

What can a d sub-shell hold?

How do electrons fill orbitals? (2)

Why does 4s fill before 3d?

What are the 2 exceptions to the Aufbau principle?

Why are 4s electrons lost before 3d electrons in transition metals when forming ions?

What is the first ionisation energy?

What is the ionisation energy used for?

When is the ionisation energy greater? (3)

What happens to the first ionisation energy down any group? (2)

What happens to the first ionisation energy across any period?

Why is there a drop between groups 2 & 3 in first ionisation energy?

Why is there a drop between groups 5 & 6 in first ionisation energy?

How can you use ionisation energies to identify what element is in the graph?