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What are the 4 steps required in movement?
What are the cutaneous sense?
What is kinesthesia?
What are organic senses?
What are the 4 stimuli for the cutaneous senses?
What are the 2 stimuli for kinesthesia?
What are the stimuli for organic senses?
What are the 3 somatosenses?
What is touch defined as?
What are the 2 thermal receptors?
What are the 3 types of pain receptors?
What are the 5 cutaneous receptors?
What do Ruffini's respond to?
What do Pacinian respond to?
What do Meissner's respond to?
What do Merkel's respond to?
What do free nerve endings respond to?
What kind of neurons are sensory neurons?
Where do sensory neurons project to?
Cutaneous receptors in order from closest to surface of skin to furthest away
What is the dorsal column/medial lemniscal pathway involved in?
What is the dorsal column/medial lemniscal pathway?
What is the spinothalamic tract involved in?
What is the spinothalamic tract pathway?
What connects muscle fibers to bones?
Flexion vs. extension
What is extrafusal muscle fiber responsible for?
What is extrafusal muscle fiber innervated by?
What does the ratio of alpha motor neurons to muscle fiber depend on?
What is a motor unit?
What is intrafusal muscle fiber responsible for?
How are intrafusal muscle fibers arranged?
What contracts intrafusal muscle fibers?
What does intrafusal muscle fiber NOT contribute much to?
What does intrafusal muscle fiber modify?
What are myofibrils?
What creates striated muscle?
What is actin?
What is myosin?
What are myosin cross bridges?
How do myosin cross bridges work?
What is the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)?
What is the motor end plate?
What is endplate potential?
Is endplate potential smaller or larger than an EPSP?
What induces contraction of the muscle fiber?
What occurs during contraction of muscle fiber?
Why do the physical effects of skeletal muscle contraction last longer than the AP?
What can a rapid succession of APs produce?
What is stretched when the muscle lengthens?
What do intrafusal muscle fibers detect?
What is the Golgi tendon organ?
What does the Golgi tendon organ detect?
What is the Golgi tendon organ encoded by?
What is the muscle-spindle feedback circuit?
What does reflexive control of movement reflect about the spinal cord?
What can particular stimuli elicit in the spinal cord?
What does monosynaptic stretch reflex do?
What is the monosynaptic stretch reflex?
How does the monosynaptic stretch reflex occur?
(List steps)
What is the polysynaptic reflex arc?
How do the brain and the spinal cord control movement in the motor system?
Where is the primary motor cortex located?
What does stimulation of the primary motor cortex produce?
What is the supplementary motor area to the primary motor cortex?
What is the motor homunculus?
What is the premotor cortex involved in?
What two visual streams are involved in movement?
Why are visual streams involved in movement?
In what way is the parietal lobe involved in movement?
What does the pathway from the parietal lobe to the frontal cortex control?
Where does the primary motor cortex receive information from?
What information does the primary somatosensory cortex provide?
What are the two descending groups of pathways in which the primary motor cortex controls movement?
What does the lateral group control?
Which 2 pathways are associated with the lateral group?
What does the ventromedial group control?
Which pathways are associated with the ventromedial group?
Describe the dorsolateral corticospinal tract.
Describe the ventromedial corticospinal tract.
What does destruction of the basal ganglia cause?
What are the 3 motor nuclei?
What are the 3 inputs of the basal ganglia?
The 3 outputs of the basal ganglia are done via what part of the brain?
What are the 3 outputs of the basal ganglia?
What do ventromedial pathways provide?
What is the loop between the cortex and basal ganglia?
What information does the loop between the cortex and basal ganglia provide?
What are the outputs of the cerebellum?
What does cerebellar damage cause?
What does the cerebellum consist of?
What are the 4 deep cerebellar nuclei?
What is the function of the flocculonodular lobe?
What is the function of the vermis?
What is the function of the lateral zone?
What is the function of the cerebellar cortex?
How do we find evidence of the function of the cerebellum?
What does damage to the flocculonodular lobe result in?
What does damage to the intermediate zone result in?
What does damage to the lateral zone produce?
What are the characteristics of Parkinson's disease?
What is Parkinson's disease caused by?
Why does SN DA neuron death result in Parkinson's disease?
What are the effects of the decrease of GPi inhibition on the ventromedial system?
What are the pharmacological treatments for Parkinson's disease?
What is the issue with treating Parkinson's disease with L-DOPA?
What are the side effects associated with DA agonists?
What are the lesion therapies for Parkinson's?
Why is a pallidotomy a treatment for Parkinson's?
How do lesions to the subthalamic nuclei work to treat Parkinson's?
What are the 3 other treatments for Parkinson's?
(Not pharmacotherapy or lesion therapies)
How does the implantation of electrodes into the subthalamic nuclei help to treat Parkinson's?
What does fetal tissue transplant do to treat Parkinson's disease?
How does gene therapy treat Parkinson's?
Which toxins attribute to the onset of Parkinson's disease?
What is autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonsism?
What expresses the parkin gene?
What is PLP?
What is thought to be important in mediating PLP?
Which therapy showed a 100% decrease in pain for PLP?
How did it do so?
What does the effectiveness of mirror box therapy show?
Prevention of PLP can occur only in __________.
