Allegory

Allusion

Comparing two things usually on the basis of structure.

Deliberate repetition to get a point across

A short, amusing story or event used to get a point across

Aphorism

A figure of speech that detaches the author from reality to address and imaginary character

Euphamism

Hyperbole

Metaphor

Replacing the name of something with the name of something closely related

A statement contrary to itself

Rhetorical Question

Synedoche