MULTIPLE CHOICE OF LOCOMOTION

Frage 1 von 120

1

Motion of condylar joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

uniaxial and femorotibial joint
uniaxial and elbow joint
biaxial and elbow joint
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint
multiaxial and stifle joint

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Frage 2 von 120

1

Label 1-7

Wähle eine der folgenden:

1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. synovial membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. joint cavity
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. meniscus 4. synovial membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. fibrous layer 7. joint cavity
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. joint cavity 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. Synovial membrane
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. synovial membrane 5. meniscus 6. articular cartilage 7. joint cavity
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. plasma membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. joint cavity

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Frage 3 von 120

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The mature neutrophil in mammalian blood smear can be distinguished from other cells by the presence of at least one very distinctive feature unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits that description?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Its relatively small cell size
The presence of most lobulated nucleus
The presence of granules in its cytoplasm.
The absence of granules in its cytoplasm.
The eccentric location of the nucleus within the cell.

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Frage 4 von 120

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The mature erythrocyte in a mammalian blood smear can be easily distinguished from all other cells by the presence of one of the most distinctive features unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits this description?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

The absence of a nucleus.
The presence of a lobulated nucleus
Basophilic staining
The presence of granules.
By very small numbers of this cell type in the blood smear

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Frage 5 von 120

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Which one of the following five histological features best characterizes the loose connective tissue?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Lack of much ground substance
Abundance of collagen fibres
Abundance of ground substance
Abundance of elastic fibres
Abundance of reticular fibres

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Frage 6 von 120

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Which one of the following five features best characterizes the stratified squamous epithelium?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Cells in all layers are squamous in shape and size.
Only cells in deeper layers are squamous in shape and size.
Cells in basal layers are cuboidal.
Only cells in superficial layers are squamous in shape and size.
Cells in basal layers are columnar.

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Frage 7 von 120

1

Some animals in a herd of cattle may suffer from myophosphorylase deficiency. Which of the following five laboratory tests would best confirm your diagnosis?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

histochemical test myophosphorylase activity
Haematoxylin & Eosin stain
Electron microscopic analysis
in situ hybridisation for myophosphorylase enzyme
immunohistochemical test for myophosphorylase protein

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Frage 8 von 120

1

Which of the following correctly explains the mechanism by which a change in intracellular calcium concentration enables muscle contraction in skeletal muscle?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Calcium enters the fibre via T tubules and binds to troponin C
Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum induces a conformational change in the tropomyosin-troponin complex
Calcium activates the ATPase enzyme on the myosin head
Calcium is taken up into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by an ATPase pump and then binds to the ryanodine receptor which activates actin
Cell membrane depolarisation activates a sodium –calcium exchanger which induces the power stroke by enhancing metabolism of ADP

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Frage 9 von 120

1

Which of the following is a correct definition of a motor unit?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A motor neurone and the muscle fibres it innervates
All muscle fibres of the same fibre type
Muscle fibres within a single fascicle
A sarcomere
A single muscle fibre

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Frage 10 von 120

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Which of the following statements below concerning these two muscles is correct, assuming they are both of equal volume ?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Muscle A contracts at a slower rate than muscle B
Muscle B can generate a higher amount of force than muscle A.
Muscle A can generate a higher amount of force than muscle B.
Muscles such as A tend to be associated with long elastic energy storing tendons
Muscle B is more powerful than muscle A

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Frage 11 von 120

1

Complete the following sentence with the best match from below. “The mechanism by which horses protract their limbs…..”

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Involves the brachiocephalicus muscle
Involves muscles that can contract to produce high amounts of muscle power
Uses elastic energy storage during stance in order to increase the shortening rate of the muscle- tendon unit during swing
Uses elastic energy storage to ensure limb protraction does not require large amounts of energy
Differs from that of other fast cursors

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Frage 12 von 120

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The fascicles that form the hierarchical structure of tendon and ligaments are composed mainly of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Endotenon
Proteoglycans
Collagen type I
Crimp pattern
Collagen type III

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Frage 13 von 120

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The graph below shows a typical stress-strain relationship for a tendon loaded to failure. The area under the curve (shown by vertical lines) represents

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Heat loss with loading
Heat gain with loading
Stiffness of the tissue
Energy to failure of the tissue
Energy produced in total

Erklärung

Frage 14 von 120

1

In which layer of the epidermis are melanocyte cell bodies usually present in pigmented skin?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

S. corneum
s. basale
S. lucidum
s. granulosum
s. spinosum

Erklärung

Frage 15 von 120

1

Which statement best describes the sebaceous gland?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Cells exhibit holocrine secretion and gland opens on to hair follicle
Cells exhibit merocrine secretion and gland opens on to skin surface
Cells exhibit apocrine secretion and gland opens on to skin surface
Cells exhibit merocrine secretion and gland opens on to hair follicle
Cells exhibit holocrine excretion and gland opens on to skin surface

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Frage 16 von 120

1

Which of the following best describes changes in chondrocyte behaviour during the endochondral ossification process?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Resting, maturation, proliferation, hypertrophy and death
Resting, proliferation, maturation, hypertrophy and death
Resting, hypertrophy, proliferation, maturation and death
Resting, proliferation, hypertrophy, maturation and death
Resting, maturation, hypertrophy, proliferation and death

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Frage 17 von 120

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Which of the following best describes the relative abundance of these components in fresh articular cartilage?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Water > type II collagen > proteoglycan > hyaluronan
Water > proteoglycan > type II collagen > hyaluronan
Type II collagen > water > proteoglycan > hyaluronan
Proteoglycan > water > type II collagen > hyaluronan
Hyaluronan > water > proteoglycan > type II collagen

Erklärung

Frage 18 von 120

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The predominant collagen fibre type in hyaline cartilage and bone are, respectively:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

III and II
II and III
I and II
II and I

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Frage 19 von 120

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Which component of hyaline cartilage is responsible for retaining the large quantities of water?
Water
Collagens
Proteoglycans
Chondrocytes
Other proteins

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Collagen
Chondrocytes
Proteoglycan
Other
None of the above

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Frage 20 von 120

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A neurone:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

has the capacity of self – replication by mitotic cell division
has Nissl substance distributed uniformly throughout the cell body
always presents multiple dendrites, which are of a branched pattern
always presents one single axone, which is branched in tree-like fashion termination
has a single axone process which may measure up to a metre or more in length

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Frage 21 von 120

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Which of the following are not correctly paired in terms of structure and function?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Neurilemmal cell/myelination of axone processes in peripheral nervous system
Astrocyte/blood-brain barrier
Satellite cell/lining of cavities (ventricles) of brain
Oligodendrocyte/myelination of axone processes in central nervous system
Microglia/phagocytosis

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Frage 22 von 120

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A synapse:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

occurs between one neurone and another neurone or multiple neurones and always results in excitation of these
involves a synaptic delay of approximately 0.5 – 1.0 milliseconds
occurs between one neurone and muscle tissue and can only result in excitation of the muscle tissue
is always mediated by acetylcholine
involves a partial fusion of cell membranes

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Frage 23 von 120

1

A ganglion:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

can occur in CNS or PNS
is always a collection of cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurones
is always a collection of cell bodies of sensory (afferent) neurones
is always a site of synapse
may be large enough to see at naked-eye level

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Frage 24 von 120

1

The navicular bone:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

is otherwise termed the proximal sesamoid bone
lies within the deep digital flexor tendon
articulates with both the middle and distal phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joint
is palpable at the bulbs of the heel
is attached proximally to the distal divisions of the suspensory ligament

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Frage 25 von 120

1

A ”low palmar digital nerve block” in the forelimb:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

blocks nerve fibres derived from only the median nerve.
desensitises ALL structures within the hoof
is performed midway between the fetlock joint and the coronary band
involves blocking the medial and lateral palmar digital nerves
is a “4 point” block

Erklärung

Frage 26 von 120

1

Coactivation is the stimulation of lower motoneurons by the upper motor neurons resulting into.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Activation of gamma motoneurons to extrafusal fibres
Activation of alpha motoneurons to intrafusal fibres
Activation of both alpha and gamma motoneurons to extrafusal fibres and intrafusal fibres respectively.
Activation on gamma motoneurons causing the muscle spindles to relax.

Erklärung

Frage 27 von 120

1

In crossed-extensor reflex sensory inputs are relayed to the spinal cord and to the interneurons. The interneurons respond by sending inhibitory and facilitatory motor response:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb to relax and flexor muscles to contract while both extensor and flexor muscles in the contralateral side relax.
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb (ispilateral) to relax and flexor muscles to contract while extensor muscles in contralateral side relax and flexor muscles contract.
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb to relax and flexor muscles to contract while both extensor and flexor muscles in the contralateral side to contract.
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb (ispilateral) to relax and flexor muscles to contract while extensor muscles in contralateral side contract and flexor muscles to relax.

Erklärung

Frage 28 von 120

1

Motion of hinge joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

multiaxial and intercarpal joint
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
multtaxial and shoulder joint
uniaxial and elbow joint

Erklärung

Frage 29 von 120

1

Motion of ball and socket joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

uniaxial and elbow joint
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint

Erklärung

Frage 30 von 120

1

Motion of plane joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

biaxial and radiocarpal joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint

Erklärung

Frage 31 von 120

1

Motion of elipsoidal joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint

Erklärung

Frage 32 von 120

1

Motion of pivot joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint

Erklärung

Frage 33 von 120

1

Motion of saddle joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
uniaxial and femorotibial joint

Erklärung

Frage 34 von 120

1

Define the joint cavity structure

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A plate of fibrocartilage
space unique to synovial joint
inner lining of fibrous layer
A structure found in only elastic cartilage
A structure found in only friborus cartilage

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Frage 35 von 120

1

The synovial membrane is highly vascularised

Wähle eins der folgenden:

WAHR
FALSCH

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Frage 36 von 120

1

What is the meniscus

Wähle eine der folgenden:

plate of elastic cartilage
sesamoid bone
plate of fibrocartilage
phagocytic cells found in bone
a ligament

Erklärung

Frage 37 von 120

1

What does the meniscus partially or fully divide

Wähle eine der folgenden:

a joint cavity
a tendon at its insertion site
blood vessels and bone
articular cartiulage

Erklärung

Frage 38 von 120

1

What is the fibrous layer in joints

Wähle eine der folgenden:

a layer of bone
white/yellow elastic fibrous part of joint capsule which attaches to the periosteum
a layer of cartilage
substance made up of type 3 collagen

Erklärung

Frage 39 von 120

1

What is the periosteum structurally?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

form of hyaline cartilage
a segment of primary osteon
the extracellular matrix of bone
fibrous covering around bone

Erklärung

Frage 40 von 120

1

What best describes the function of the periosteum?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Articulation surface between joints
Bone growth, repair, nutrition, ligament/tendon attachment
a structure to allow endochondral ossification
a reservoir for osteoblast cells

Erklärung

Frage 41 von 120

1

What is the major constituent of tendon?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

water
type 2 collagen
type 1 collagen
proteoglycans
hyaluronic acid

Erklärung

Frage 42 von 120

1

The types of cartilaginous joints

Wähle eine der folgenden:

synchondrosis and symphysis
sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis
sutures, syndesmoses, symphysis and gomphosis
symphysis and syndesmoses
synchondrosis and gomphosis

Erklärung

Frage 43 von 120

1

Which one of these is not typically present in synovial fluid?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

water
hyaluronic acid
glycoproteins
surface active phospholids
Type A mononuclear leukocytes
Glucose and electrolytes
Platelets

Erklärung

Frage 44 von 120

1

The types of dense fibrous joints

Wähle eine der folgenden:

synchondrosis and symphysis
sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis
sutures and synchondrosis
Gomphosis, synchondrosis and symphysis
Gomphosis, synchondrosis , syndesmoses and symphysis

Erklärung

Frage 45 von 120

1

What cells produce synovial fluid

Wähle eine der folgenden:

type A fibroblasts
chondrocytes
type B fibroblasts
osteoblasts
erythrocytes

Erklärung

Frage 46 von 120

1

How many chondrocytes are found in lacunae

Wähle eine der folgenden:

1
5
2-4 (usually in pairs)
6
none

Erklärung

Frage 47 von 120

1

Define Wolff's law

Wähle eine der folgenden:

bone will arrange randomly
bone only arranges in places it is needed

Erklärung

Frage 48 von 120

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Describe remodelling

Wähle eine der folgenden:

bone resorption by osteoclasts followed by deposition of osteoid by osteoblasts
only osteoblast depositon
only osteoclast resorption
bone resorption by osteoblasts followed by deposition of osteoid by osteoclasts

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Frage 49 von 120

1

Describe modelling

Wähle eine der folgenden:

the degradation of bone
a process to arrange collagen firbres
the growth of bone and change in bone shape due to bone deposition and or resporption
osteoblast and osteoclast activity to repair fatigue damage but no change in bone shape

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Frage 50 von 120

1

What does intramembranous ossification form

Wähle eine der folgenden:

flat bones and skulls
bones with articulations
cartilage
mesenchyme

Erklärung

Frage 51 von 120

1

what best describes the process of intramembranous ossification

Wähle eine der folgenden:

direct replacement of mesenchyme with bone
the formation of new haversion systems containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
the generation of bone by osteoblast cells
only occurs to repair fatigue damage

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Frage 52 von 120

1

What do primary and secondary osteons form

Wähle eine der folgenden:

new haversion systems containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
bone
cartilage
blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
articulations

Erklärung

Frage 53 von 120

1

what cells are involved in primary osteons

Wähle eine der folgenden:

osteoblasts
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
osteoclasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes
osteoclasts

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Frage 54 von 120

1

where does primary osteons form

Wähle eine der folgenden:

surface of bone generating smooth channels
fibrocartilage
pre-existing bone from inside
surface of hyaline cartilage

Erklärung

Frage 55 von 120

1

What cells are involved in secondary osteons

Wähle eine der folgenden:

osteoclasts and osteoblasts
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
chondrocytes

Erklärung

Frage 56 von 120

1

where does secondary osteons take place

Wähle eine der folgenden:

pre-existing bone from inside
surface of bone and smooth
cartilage
blood vessels

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Frage 57 von 120

1

What shape are osteoblasts and where are they present

Wähle eine der folgenden:

simple cells with bone extracellular matrix
multinuclear cells on surface of bone
squamous cells on surface of bone
cuboidal cells on the surface of bone

Erklärung

Frage 58 von 120

1

Function of osteoblasts

Wähle eine der folgenden:

secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts

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Frage 59 von 120

1

Shape of osteoclasts and where they are present

Wähle eine der folgenden:

multinuclear cells on surface of bone
cuboidal cells on the surface of bone
simple cells within bone extracellular matrix
squamous cells on surface of bone
multinuclear cells bone extracellular matrix

Erklärung

Frage 60 von 120

1

Function of osteoclasts

Wähle eine der folgenden:

secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts

Erklärung

Frage 61 von 120

1

Function of osteocytes

Wähle eine der folgenden:

cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance

Erklärung

Frage 62 von 120

1

What best describe tendons functional organisation of collagen

Wähle eine der folgenden:

crimp structure
chain structure
elongated fibers running parrallel
random arrangement

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Frage 63 von 120

1

Where are tenocytes located?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

blood plasma
elongated in chains between collage fibres
adipose tissue
CNS
PNS

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Frage 64 von 120

1

Collagen synthesis involves?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

triple helix of polypeptide chains translated as procollagen and cleaved into collagen
double helix of polypeptide chains translated as procollagen and cleaved into collagen
triple helix of polypeptide chains translated as collagen
procollagen and glycosylated into collagen

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Frage 65 von 120

1

Work=?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

force x time
force x distance and power x time
distance/ force
power x distance

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Frage 66 von 120

1

Power=?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

work / time
force x distance
time x force
distance x work

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Frage 67 von 120

1

What do short fibers at an angle increase

Wähle eine der folgenden:

physiological cross sectional area
tension
strength
power

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Frage 68 von 120

1

Best description for large moment arms

Wähle eine der folgenden:

low force to lift larger loads with small motion and lower velocity
large force required to lift larger loads with large motion with high velocity

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Frage 69 von 120

1

Best description for small moment arms

Wähle eine der folgenden:

large force required to lift larger loads with large motion and high velocity
lower force required to lift larger loads with small motion and low velocity

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Frage 70 von 120

1

The name for muscle cells

Wähle eine der folgenden:

muscle fibre
myofibrils
myofilaments

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Frage 71 von 120

1

What process involves the formation of syncitical structure formed by union of several embyonic myoblast cells which fuse to form a multinuclear cells

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Myogenesis
Muscle cell atrophy
Sarcomere increase

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Frage 72 von 120

1

The properties of a cardiac cell

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Uninucleated
Branched
Central nuclei
All of the answers
Striated

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Frage 73 von 120

1

Which one of these properties would not be attributed to smooth muscle cells

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Branched
Central nuclei
Uninucleated
Unicellular

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Frage 74 von 120

1

Which one of these properties are not attributed to skeletal muscle cells

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Striated
Multicellular
Nuclei at periphery
Central nuceli
Multinuclear

Erklärung

Frage 75 von 120

1

What is the excitatory neurotransmitter of skeletal muscle

Wähle eine der folgenden:

acetylcholine
somatostatin
GABA
histamine
tryptamine

Erklärung

Frage 76 von 120

1

The muscle cells which are slow oxidative with low myosin ATPase activity, fatigue resistant, high oxidative ability and stain light

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Type 1 muscle fibres
Type 2a muscle fibres
Type 2b muscle fibres

Erklärung

Frage 77 von 120

1

The muscle cells which have high myosin ATPase activity, high oxidative and glycolytic capacity

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Type 2a muscle fibres
Type 1 muscle fibres
Type 2b muscle fibres

Erklärung

Frage 78 von 120

1

The muscle cells with high myosin ATPase activity, high glycolytic ability, fatigue easily and stain dark

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Type 2b muscle fibres
Type 2a muscle fibres
Type 1 muscle fibres

Erklärung

Frage 79 von 120

1

Alpha dystroglycan and integrins are molecules involved with

Wähle eine der folgenden:

endomysium to muscle fibre cytoskeleton
epimysium to perimysium
endomysium to perimyium
epimysium to fascia

Erklärung

Frage 80 von 120

1

The innervation ratio of muscles is best described as?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

the number of muscle fibres innervated by a single motor unit
the contractile force generated from a singular molar of neurotransmitter
the concentration of neurotransmitter required for contraction
the total number of depolarization of a motor neuron to induce contraction of muscle fibres

Erklärung

Frage 81 von 120

1

In the sarcomere structure where are thick filaments PRIMARILY myosin found

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A band
I band
H band
Z line
M line

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Frage 82 von 120

1

In the sarcomere structure where are thin filaments primarily actin located

Wähle eine der folgenden:

I band
A band
H band
Z line
M line

Erklärung

Frage 83 von 120

1

In the sarcomere structure where is ONLY myosin located

Wähle eine der folgenden:

H band
A band
I band
Z line
M line

Erklärung

Frage 84 von 120

1

Where in the sarcomere is the end region containing alpha actinin

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Z line
A band
H band
I band
M line

Erklärung

Frage 85 von 120

1

In the sacromere where are the protein filaments which anchor thick filaments during contraction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

M line
Z line
H band
I band
A band

Erklärung

Frage 86 von 120

1

Titin is the largest protein in the body.
What is its function in muscle contraction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

A molecular spring responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle
Responsible for anchoring thick filaments during muscle contraction
A catabolic enzyme responsible for muscle atrophy
A anabolic enzyme responsible for muscle hypertrophy

Erklärung

Frage 87 von 120

1

Which description best describes the sliding filament theory

Wähle eine der folgenden:

shortening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thin filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens
lengthening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thin filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens
shortening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thick filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens

Erklärung

Frage 88 von 120

1

What description best describes the cross bridge cycle?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

without ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, the ATP binds to myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP hydrolysed to ADP, the ADP released causing power stroke to occur
with ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, the ATP disscoiates from myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP binds causing power stroke to occur
without ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, Calcium binds to myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP hydrolysed to ADP, the ADP released causing power stroke to occur

Erklärung

Frage 89 von 120

1

What is the Ca2+ concentration required for muscle contraction?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

10-6 M
10-9 M
10-7 M
10-6 mM

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Frage 90 von 120

1

Where is Ca2+ stored for muscle contraction

Wähle eine der folgenden:

sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcoplasma
T tubules
mitochondria
lysosomes

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Frage 91 von 120

1

DHP receptors changing leading to opening of Ryanodine receptors is due to what?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

T tubules conducting an action potential affects what receptors
Calcium entering cytoplasm from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Movement of the tropomyosin complex
Osteoblast activity

Erklärung

Frage 92 von 120

1

Ca2+ released into sarcoplasm occurs by...? (pick the most direct cause)

Wähle eine der folgenden:

The opening of Ryanodine receptors causes what
T tubules conducting action potentials
tropomyosin complex movement
Satellite cells fusing into muscle fibers

Erklärung

Frage 93 von 120

1

What is the effect of Ca2+ in muscle?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

binding to troponin C causing tropomyosin complex to move and expose binding sites on actin
T tubules conducting action potentials
muscle relaxation
DHP receptors change which opens Ryanodine receptors

Erklärung

Frage 94 von 120

1

What is osteoporosis?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Bones becoming brittle and fragile from loss of tissue due to hormonal changes and deficiency of Ca and Vit D
bone becomes dense and susceptible to fracture due to failure in osteoclasts to resorb bone
Monotonic failure of bone
process of fatigue repair in bone

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Frage 95 von 120

1

Genetic mutation in CA2 gene can cause

Wähle eine der folgenden:

osteopetrosis
osteoporosis
muscle atrophy
muscle dysplasia

Erklärung

Frage 96 von 120

1

Describe osteopetrosis

Wähle eine der folgenden:

bone becomes dense and susceptible to fracture due to failure in osteoclasts to resorb bone
bones becoming brittle and fragile from loss of tissue due to hormonal changes and deficiency of Ca and Vit D
Montonic failure of bone
Muscle dysplasia

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Frage 97 von 120

1

Which muscle fibers will undergo hypertrophy twice as fast

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Type 2
Type 1

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Frage 98 von 120

1

Muscle size increase by increase of what?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

the number of sarcomeres
the number of muscle fibers
the number of satellite cells
increase in the rate of myogenesis

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Frage 99 von 120

1

From left to right label the neuron cell type

Wähle eine der folgenden:

multipolar, bipolar, pseudo unipolar
bipolar, multipolar, pseudo unipolar
pseudo unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
multipolar, pseudo unipolar, bipolar

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Frage 100 von 120

1

The Na/K pump pumps how many Na+ out and K+in

Wähle eine der folgenden:

3 Na+ out 2 K+ in
2 Na+ out 3 K+ in
3 Na+ out 3 K+ in
3 Na+ out 1 K+ in

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Frage 101 von 120

1

The resting membrane potential value

Wähle eine der folgenden:

-70mV
-55mV
+30mV
-75mV

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Frage 102 von 120

1

Threshold of depolarisation for Na+ channels to open

Wähle eine der folgenden:

-55mV
-70mV
+30mV
-75mV

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Frage 103 von 120

1

Value of depolarisation for K+ channels to open and cause repolarisation

Wähle eine der folgenden:

+30mV
-70mV
-75mV
-55mV

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Frage 104 von 120

1

How is hyperpolarisaion of -75mV commonly known as the refractory period restored the the resting membrane potential

Wähle eine der folgenden:

action of Na/K pump
passive diffusion of Na and K
naturally overtime
the intake of Calcium ions

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Frage 105 von 120

1

The cells responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Schwann cells
Oligodendrocytes
Satellite cells
Neuroglia

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Frage 106 von 120

1

The cells responsible for myelination in the central nervous system

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Neuroglial cells
Satellite cells

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Frage 107 von 120

1

Action potentials only occurring at the nodes of ranvier is known as?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Saltatory conduction
Saltatory convection
Salivatory conduction
Neurogenic conduction

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Frage 108 von 120

1

Which one of these is NOT involved with neurotransmitter release?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

action potentials reaches axon terminal, voltage gated Ca2+ channels open
Ca2+ binds to sensor proteins in cytoplasm,
Ca2+ protein complex stimulates docking, fusion and exocytosis of neurotransmitter
Lysomome degradation of neurotransmitter granules

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Frage 109 von 120

1

The effects of excitatory neurotransmitters

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Na+ channels open and depolarise cell
Cl- channels opens and inhibit postsynaptic potential
Activation of Na/K pump
Hyperpolarisation

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Frage 110 von 120

1

The effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters

Wähle eine der folgenden:

Activation of Na/K pump
Cl- channels opens and inhibit postsynaptic potential
Na+ channels open and depolarise cell
Depolarization of cell membrane

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Frage 111 von 120

1

Alpha motor neurons stimulate what

Wähle eine der folgenden:

extrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
intrafusal fibres the muscle spindles
intrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
xtrafusal fibers the muscle spindles

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Frage 112 von 120

1

Gamma motor neurons stimulate what

Wähle eine der folgenden:

intrafusal fibers the muscle spindles
extrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
extrafusal fibers the muscle spindles
intrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers

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Frage 113 von 120

1

What do muscle spindles consist of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

intrafusal fibres
nuclear bag
nuclear chain
All of the answers

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Frage 114 von 120

1

Primary annulospiral and secondary flower spray sensory neurons serve what?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

the intrafusal fibers
the extrfusal fibers
interneurons
Bipolar neurons

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Frage 115 von 120

1

What do primary annulospiral sensory neurons respond to and where are they located

Wähle eine der folgenden:

respond to onset of strecth and are located centrally
respond to onset of strecth and are located peripherally
respond to onset of flexion and are located centrally
respond to onset of pain and are located centrally

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Frage 116 von 120

1

	Erstellt von Jack Fawsitt vor mehr als 7 Jahre

Principles and animal form and fucntion (Unit 1 Locomotion) Quiz am MULTIPLE CHOICE OF LOCOMOTION, erstellt von Jack Fawsitt am 26/11/2016.

MULTIPLE CHOICE OF LOCOMOTION

Frage 1 von 120

Motion of condylar joint and example

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 2 von 120

Label 1-7

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 3 von 120

The mature neutrophil in mammalian blood smear can be distinguished from other cells by the presence of at least one very distinctive feature unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits that description?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 4 von 120

The mature erythrocyte in a mammalian blood smear can be easily distinguished from all other cells by the presence of one of the most distinctive features unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits this description?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 5 von 120

Which one of the following five histological features best characterizes the loose connective tissue?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 6 von 120

Which one of the following five features best characterizes the stratified squamous epithelium?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 7 von 120

Some animals in a herd of cattle may suffer from myophosphorylase deficiency. Which of the following five laboratory tests would best confirm your diagnosis?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 8 von 120

Which of the following correctly explains the mechanism by which a change in intracellular calcium concentration enables muscle contraction in skeletal muscle?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 9 von 120

Which of the following is a correct definition of a motor unit?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 10 von 120

Which of the following statements below concerning these two muscles is correct, assuming they are both of equal volume ?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 11 von 120

Complete the following sentence with the best match from below. “The mechanism by which horses protract their limbs…..”

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 12 von 120

The fascicles that form the hierarchical structure of tendon and ligaments are composed mainly of

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 13 von 120

The graph below shows a typical stress-strain relationship for a tendon loaded to failure. The area under the curve (shown by vertical lines) represents

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 14 von 120

In which layer of the epidermis are melanocyte cell bodies usually present in pigmented skin?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 15 von 120

Which statement best describes the sebaceous gland?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 16 von 120

Which of the following best describes changes in chondrocyte behaviour during the endochondral ossification process?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 17 von 120

Which of the following best describes the relative abundance of these components in fresh articular cartilage?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 18 von 120

The predominant collagen fibre type in hyaline cartilage and bone are, respectively:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 19 von 120

Which component of hyaline cartilage is responsible for retaining the large quantities of water? Water Collagens Proteoglycans Chondrocytes Other proteins

Wähle eine der folgenden:

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Frage 20 von 120

A neurone:

Which component of hyaline cartilage is responsible for retaining the large quantities of water?
Water
Collagens
Proteoglycans
Chondrocytes
Other proteins