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why focus on stats?
why are stats essential for physchological science ?
why should we love stats ?
stats allow us to______and______ data
why must data be organized ?
calculating averages is a_________ technique
descriptive statistics
interpretation
psychologists care about what the data mean for people in_______
psychologists want to know about ________, but are forced to study _______ because it's impossible to study every single person in a popultion
using __________ _____ to look at the behavior of people in a sample does not , by itself tell us anything about people in the population
inferential statistics
inferential statistics
together _________ and ________ ____ allow us to answer questions about populations by studying samples
psychological science requires ______
turning complex behavior into numerical facts requires a great deal of ______
variable
for variables the values are either _______ or ________
aa persons particular value is the persons _________
numeric values
categorical values
its important to recognize the difference between categorical and numeric values because
3 types of investigation where data come from
observational studies
explanatory variable
response variable
observational studies limitation:
observational studies are often presented in the press and elsewhere as if they provide evidence of _________
experiments
experiment features:
quasi- experiements
reseachers in quasi experiments think they are observing a marker for a ______________ and then consider that ____________ to be the explanatory variable
in observational studies , the observed variable is considered to be the ____________________
quasi experiments have all the same features as observational studies and do not have _________
different values of an explanatory variable are sometimes called
randomness is important in 2 steps of data collection
third variable problem
why select participants randomly ?
random selection produces a
why assign participants to conditions randomly ?
dependent measure =
2 response variables
what are inferential stats for ?
why are there so many different inferential statistical tests ?
different set ups are called
Paired T-Test
Two Sample T-Test
One Way ANOVA (analysis of variance )
Random sampling
random assignment
Chi-square Test
Factorial ANOVA ( analysis of variance)
inferential statistical tests are tools for
we want to organize data to show the
variables are shown in
bar graphs show
histograms show
1 peak in histograms =
2 (or more peaks ) in histograms =
idealized depiction
midpoint=
If frequencies skew to the left=
if frequencies skew to the right=
