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Macrophages, neutrophils, and antibodies offer good protection against extracellular organisms, though they require CD4+ T cells for regulation. What are CD8+ T cells needed for?
What is necessary in order to produce the appropriate immune response to a intracellular or extracellular pathogen (or neoplastic cell)?
Describe the basic structure of the T cell receptor.
List three differences between αβ and γδ T cells.
Why do the majority of T cell receptors (αβ) not recognise somebody else's MHC?
Which genes code for T cell receptors?
What are the 'accessory receptors' of the T cell receptors?
How many possible VIABLE VDJ gene combinations are there in mice? Are there more or less in humans?
Which bodily cells have the potential to present antigen?
If any nucleated cell in the body is infected with an intracellular pathogen or is neoplastic, which MHC will it present antigen with? Which T cell will bind to this?
If a professional antigen presenting cell is presenting antigen obtained by engulfing an extracellular pathogen/its debris, which MHC will it use? Which T cell will recognise this?
CD4+ and CD8+ accessory receptors are classed as co-receptors. What is their function in the T cell receptor-CD3 complex interaction with antigen and MHC?
What does it mean to say that T cell responses are 'self MHC restricted'?
What are the effects initiated by CD4+ naive T cells binding to MHC II antigen-presenting cells?
What are the effects initiated by CD8+ naive T cells binding to MHC I antigen-presenting cells?
Which genes encode MHC molecules in humans?
Which proteins do 'MHC III' molecules include?
What term describes a gene product that has hundreds/thousands of different variants/alleles?
How many MHC alleles are inherited from each parent? How are these expressed?
Each person's MHC haplotype is unique. When might tissue typing for similarities between MHCs be important?
True or false: some MHC alleles are associated with an increased risk of diseases including autoimmune conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, MS), diabetes, and allergies?
Which presents longer peptides: MHC class I or MHC class II?
How does the binding of the T cell receptor complex to the MHC-antigen complex result in clonal expansion of the naive T cell in the immune response? What term describes this activation?
Of the HLA A/B/C and HLA DP/DQ/DR genes, which encodes MHC I and which encodes MHC II?
Does MHC I or MHC II have two transmembrane regions?
Does the cytosolic or endocytic pathway result in an MHCI-antigen complex being exported to the cell membrane to present antigen to CD8+ T cells?
What is the major difference between the cytosolic and endocytic pathways for the production of MHC to be exported to the cell surface to present antigen?
In the endoplasmic reticulum, MHC I that is being produced is highly unstable, both in its early α chain form (when it is stabilised by calnexin) and when its β2 microglobulin is added (when it is stabilised by calreticulum, tapasin and other chaperone proteins), so how is it stabilised enough to be exported to the cell membrane in order to present antigen to CD8+ T cells?
What is the MHC class II invariant chain?
List four similarities between the endocytic and cytosolic pathways for antigen presentation?
List some differences between the cytosolic and endocytic pathways for antigen presentation?
