What does blood consist of and why is blood vital?

What are red blood cells and what is their role?

What are plasma and what are their roles?

What are white blood cells and what are their roles?

What are platelets and what are their roles?

Describe each role of the double circulatory system

What is the role of the valves in the heart?

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?

Why do atria have thinner walls?

Why do capillaries have permeable walls?

What are networks of capillaries in tissue called?

How is tissue fluid formed?

How do substances move between tissue fluid and cells?

Name two substances that move from tissue fluid into cells.

Name two substances move from CELLS into TISSUE FLUIDS.

Why are tissue fluid essential for a cell's survival?

What are the roles of the skeleton?

Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are part of what kingdom?

Give one difference between a vertebrae's skeleton and an insect's skeleton.

What are bones held by? And what is their role?

Why do ligaments have high tensile strength?

What is the role of cartilage on the end of bones?

What are the roles of synovial fluid between the joints?

Bones are attached to muscles via tendons. Explain how muscle move bones at joints in the body.

What is fitness a measure of?

Why is exercise important?

How can fitness practitioners help with exercise?

What do fitness practitioners, like personal trainers and gym instructors, need to know to develop the right exercise regime for an individual?

What state is our heart rate and blood pressure when we are not exercising?

What happens to this as we exercise?

What is the recovery period?

What is the equation to find a person's BMI?

Why is BMI not always accurate as an indicator of fitness?

What alternative indicator of fitness is there other than BMI?

What does repeatability mean?

What are the implications of excessive exercise?

What are the main symptoms of a sprain?

What is RICE and how does it help with sprains?

How can more serious injuries to the skeletal or muscular system be treated?

Describe some of the graded exercises used for a damaged knee, to build up the strength of the knee.

What is the optimum temperature for the body and for the important reactions to take place?

What does the body have to balance to keep the core body temperature constant?

What detects temperature in our bodies?

Give a brief description of the term accuracy.

Describe another role of the hypothalamus.

Name two effectors that are involved in the regulation of the body temperature.

What is the name for the mechanism which allows the body to keep its body temperature constant?

What happens when you are too hot/too cold? Describe each stage.

What is vasodilation and why does it happen?

Give another example of a response produced by our body when we are too hot.

What is vasoconstriction and when does it happen?

Give another example of a response that happens when our body is too cold.

What is the hormone that our body uses to control the level of sugar in the blood?

What are the factors that causes our blood sugar level to rise rapidly?

Why do simple sugars cause our blood sugar level to rise rapidly?

What response is produced when our the blood in our body has too high of sugar level?

What is Type 1 diabetes?

What is Type 2 diabetes?

How can someone with Type 2 Diabetes keep their blood sugar at a steady level?

How do complex carbohydrates help people with Type 2 Diabetes?

For what purposes can micro-organisms be useful for?

Some features of micro-organisms can make them ideal for industrial use. List some of these features, and why they are important.

Large amounts of microorganisms are grown in containers called fermenters which have the optimum conditions required for growth to increase production. State whether an enzyme/bacteria/fungi is used to produce antibiotics and give examples of some.

State whether an enzyme/bacteria/fungi is used to produce food and give examples of some.

State whether an enzyme/bacteria/fungi is used to produce washing powder and give examples of some.

State whether an enzyme/bacteria/fungi is used to produce biofuels and give examples of some.

What is genetic modification?

What are the important stages involved in genetic modification?

Genetic modification is useful in making medicines for human use, list some of these uses.

Genetic modification can be used to make crops herbicide resistant. Explain how this happens.

What are the implications of making crops herbicide resistant?

Gene testing can help identify genetic disorders. Describe a way you could do this.

The gene probe can find a specific sequence of bases. But, you cannot see it with the naked eye. How can you?

What is nanotechnology?

List some of the uses of nanotechnology.

Give an example of when stem cell technology can be used to treat a specific illness.

Give other examples of illnesses that can be treated using stem technology.

Biomedical engineering uses engineering technologies to improve human health - including the replacement of human body parts. Give an example of this.

Give another example of this.

Describe the characteristics of a closed loop system.

What kind of system is the ecosystem and why?

Give examples of waste products produced by the ecosystem.

Why is no ecosystem a perfect closed loop system?

Give an example of a stable ecosystem, and why it is stable.

Give reasons why large amounts of vegetation which grows in rainforests help the ecosystem.

What is eutrophication?

Give other examples of how human activities can damage ecosystems.

Explain why the removal of vegetation (for agricultural crops and to raise livestock) in an area affects the ecosystem.

Human activities can create non-recyclable waste. Give an example of one and how it affects the ecosystem.

What is bioaccumulation?

Give reasons why human systems are not closed loop systems.

List reasons why we rely on ecosystems.

What is sustainability?

Explain how humans today can use sources sustainably.

Explain why sunlight is a sustainable source.

List some of the decisions that some communities have to make in terms of conserving ecosystems.

Why do these decisions cause tension?