- the main objective of the 'unco-operative' national minorities was to gain autonomy or even to break away from central russian rule and gain independence. subsequently, many of the minorities were made subject to a policy of russification in order to keep them in check.

- russification was the process whereby non-russian regions were drawn more securely into the framework of the empire. this involved administrative integration and the transmission of russian language, religion and culture to the peoples of national minorities. such 'social russification' was linked to economic integration especially developments telecommunications and transport. russification started with the polish revolt of 1863 and was continued by lenin, stalin and khrushchev mainly through constitutional changes and repression.

	Erstellt von izzy smith vor mehr als 9 Jahre

Folienset am the position of national minorities, 1894 to 1917, erstellt von izzy smith am 18/04/2017.