Coasts

What is a costal environment?

What do coastal landscapes consist of?

What are the 5 different zones of a coastline?

What is Backshore?

What is Foreshore?

What is foreshore the most important zone for?

What is Inshore?

What is Offshore?

What is Nearshore?

What does Nearshore include?

What is the swash zone?

What is the Surf zone?

What is the breaker zone?

What are the inputs into a coastal system?

What are the components within a coastal system?

What are the Outputs of a coastal system?

What is Erosion?

What is Fetch?

What does the length of fetch help you determine?

What is Mass Movement?

What is Weathering?

What are the 3 types of Sub- aerial Weathing?

How are waves created?

The energy acquired by waves depends on... (3)

What is meant by Prevailing wind direction?

Wave characteristics include?

What is Wave height?

What is Wavelength? (amplitude)

What is Wave frequency? (wave period)

What happens as the waves approach shallow water?

The rush of water up the beach after a wave break is known as...

Water receding back down the beach towards the sea is called...

What are the characteristics of constructive waves?

What are the characteristics of destructive waves?

Constructive waves build up the beach resulting in...

Destructive waves move material...

Explain the Wave refraction process.

What happens as each wave approaches the coast? (Wave refraction)

What does the wave dragging in the shallower water mean?

In wave refraction the part of the wave in deeper water...

In wave refraction the low energy waves...

What is meant by the term Currents?

Name 3 types of current.

Why do Longshore currents occur?

What do Longshore currents generate?

What are Rip currents?

When do Rip currents develop?

What is Upwelling?

What is Longshore/Littoral drift?

What is the definition of a tide?

Why does the moon have a greater influence than the sun on tides?

What effect does the moon have on tides?

In areas of the world between the two bulges the tide is at its...

As the moon orbits the earth...

What happens twice in a lunar month? (Answer no1)

What does the sun, moon and earth all being in line produce?

What happens twice in a lunar month? (Answer no2)
What does this produce?

At times of Neap tides the high and low tides are.. (How far they range from the average)

What is the definition of a Tidal range?

What do Tidal ranges determine?

What are Tidal/storm surges?

Strong waves drive waves...

What is Coastal sediment budget?

What is a High energy coast?

What is a Low energy coast?

What are typical landforms at a Low energy coast?

What are typical landforms at a High energy coast?

What is a Sediment cell?

Where does Coastal sediment come from? (5)

Where do sediment movements occur?

What type of system is a sediment cell?

What do the processes of coastal erosion control?

What does calculating the sediment budget for a cell require?

What is the definition of marine processes?

What is the definition of sub-aerial processes?

What are the 5 types of marine erosion?

What is Hydraulic action?

What is Wave quarrying?

What is Abrasion/corrasion?

What is Attrition?

What is Solution? (corrosion)

What are the 6 factors that affect the rate of coastal erosion?

How does human activity affect the rate of erosion?

How does Sea depth affect the rate of erosion?

How does Fetch affect the rate of erosion?

How does Beach presence affect the rate of erosion?

How does Coastal configuration affect the rate of erosion?

How does Wave steepness and breaking point affect the rate of erosion?

Why is the point at which the waves break important for the rate of erosion?

What is Lithology?

What is differential erosion?

What is a discordant coastline?

Where do the steepest cliffs tend to form?

What are the 4 types of marine transportation?

What is Traction?

What is Saltation?

What is Suspension?

What is Solution? (transportation)

What happens to the movement of sediment after longshore drift?

Where does marine deposition often take place?

Name 4 situations where deposition occurs.

What is meant by Aeolian deposition?

What is surface creep?

What are the two main headings of Sub-aerial processes?

Sub aerial weathering includes processes that...

What are the 3 categories of sub-aerial weathering?

What are Mechanical weathering processes?

Explain the process of Freeze thaw.

What are Biological weathering processes?

What is one example of Biological weathering?

What are Chemical weathering processes?

What are examples of Chemical weathering? (5)

What are the 5 types of mass movement?

What is the nature of mass movement experienced dependent on?

What are Landslides?

What are rock falls?

What are Mudflows?

What is the nature of the flow in mudflows dependent on?

What is rotational slip or slumping?

What is Soil creep?

What may run off take the form of?

What is a coastline?

What can coastlines either be?

Areas with alternating less or...

What areas do erosional processes initially predominate in?

What does this form?

What does this leave?

What then happens because of refraction?

What waves do the bays experience?

What do these then act to?

What happens when geology runs parallel to the coast?

What happens when high and steep waves break at the foot of a cliff?

What then begins to happen?

What does further erosion do?

Cliff line tends to retreat and after...

The platform continues to grow, what happens as it does?

What does this lead to?

What are Geos, Caves, blowholes, arches, stacks and stumps?

Along a joint the sea will cut inland, widening the crack to for a what?

In other circumstances...

What happens if erosion continues vertically upwards?

What is much more likely?

Eventually the conjoining of the caves will...

What happens as the cliff recedes?

What does this leave?

What happens over time?

What may be left behind?

Where do landforms of coastal deposition occur?

Where are beaches found?

What type of beaches does sand tend to produce?

Most of the swash...

What does this lead to?

What direction to these run?

Shingle can either make up the whole...

The larger the size of the material generally...

Why is this?

What does this, together with the uneven surface, mean?

What happens at the back of the beach at spring tide?

What is this?

What will be below this?

What are these beach ridges known as?

What are cusps?

Where do they usually occur?

What do the sides of the cusps channel?

What develop below this?

What are swash aligned beaches?

What are drift aligned beaches?

What is a spit?

Where do these usually occur?

What is the formation of a spit?

What does a simple classification of spits include?

What are simple spits?

What are compound spits?

What could this be marking?

What can occur as spits mature?

How?

What happens as spits increase in size?

What then happens as these build up?

What is a Tombolo?

How is a bar formed?

However...

What is an offshore bar?

What is a barrier beach/island?

Where the sea and land interact there is a huge diversity of characteristic coastal landscapes including...

What are examples of a range of factors that have been important in producing the present coastal landscape features and continue to do so today?

What are coastal sand dunes?

What do important inputs include?

How is sand mostly transported?

How do sand dunes develop?

What else can cause blowouts?

Where do mudflats only develop?

What are mudflats?

How do mudflats develop?

What can happen over time to mudflats?

What is the vegetation succession that develops is known as?

How does this happen?

What is eustatic change?

What is Isostatic change?

What is a fjord?

What is a ria?