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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, new Canadian laws were enacted against:
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With respect to choice of research methods, it can be said that:
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Psychologists are more likely to use qualitative research methods
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Psychologists are more likely to use quantitative research methods
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Lawyers are more likely to use qualitative research methods
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none of the above
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The most common sentence in Canada is Probation
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A critical criminologist is most likely to suggest which of the following explanations for a criminal's behaviour?
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What is Criminology?
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the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon
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includes making of laws, breaking of laws & reaction to breaking of laws
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both 1 and 2
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The Criminal Justice System
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the new laws that emerged to deal with cultural conflict caused by immigration are:
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Opium smoking
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Hashish
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Cocaine
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Meth
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The democratic shift brought increases in male populations, alcohol consumption, divorce rates and in the use of mind-altering drugs
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What are the 6 major areas in the discipline of Criminology?
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the definition of crime and criminals
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critical criminologists
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the social distribution of crime
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the origins and role of law
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policing
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causation of crime
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patterns of criminal behaviour
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courts and corrections
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societal reactions to crime
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Which of the following are true, In terms of Biological Approaches, Cesare Lombroso and the Positivist school argued that criminality was a biological trait
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little empirical evidence to support a crime gene
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criminality is biological
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personality traits can predispose people to commit crimes
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criminality is not biological
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Psychological approaches focus on [blank_start]individual criminal behaviour[blank_end], predicting risk of [blank_start]reoffending[blank_end], and evaluating the effectiveness of [blank_start]treatment and rehabilitation[blank_end]
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individual criminal behaviour
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group criminal behaviours
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criminal behaviour
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reoffending
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reoffending
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re-victimization
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trauma
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crime
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treatment and medications
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treatment and rehabilitation
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treatment
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rehabilitation
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examples of psychological approaches include:
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Sociological approaches examine how social conditions (context) can influence our laws and crime rates
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Criminology is an evolving discipline: the emerging fields of [blank_start]green[blank_end] criminology, [blank_start]terrorism[blank_end] studies & [blank_start]surveillance[blank_end] studies
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green
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terrorism
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surveillance
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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
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Crime Prevention Through Environment Daily
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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design used to increase natural surveillance
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Crime Prevention
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Geographic Profiling studies urban environments & the behaviours of serial predators to determine the likely residence of a specific offender
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Which of the following are true of Green Criminology?
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Rooted in human rights movements
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focus on harmful actions against animals in slaughterhouses, abbatoirs, zoos etc.
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calls for tighter animal cruelty laws
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is about becoming a green community
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Terrorism studies examine the recruitment & [blank_start]training[blank_end] of terrorists, their organizations, their links to [blank_start]crime[blank_end] & how to prevent terrorism
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training
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teaching
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skill training
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criminology
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crime
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police
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culture
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What is the social definition of terrorism?
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people committing bad crimes
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crimes against the country
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deliberate use or threat to use violence against civilians to attain political, ideological and religious goals
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which of the following are true regarding Surveillance Studies?
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it means being watched
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technology for surveillance has grown so much that huge amounts of personal information are available
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it is defined as "any systematic focus on personal information in order to influence, manage, entitle, or control whose whose information is collected"
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criminologists study impact of this
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In terms of Research Methods, Lawyers and Sociologists are more likely to use quantitative research methods
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Psychologists and Economists are more likely to use quantitative research methods (e.g. numerical analysis of data- mathematical, statistical, computational techniques)
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A crime is an act that [blank_start]violates[blank_end] criminal law and is [blank_start]punishable[blank_end]
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discredits
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violates
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disobeys
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doesn't follow
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capital
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worthy of punishment
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punishable
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harmful
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Human rights violations as crime is:
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A. Based on human rights, rather than legal status
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B. a common form of crime
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C. An act violating someone's rights to the necessities of life
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D. Both A and C are correct
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Hagan says crime should be considered as a continuum from [blank_start]most[blank_end] serious to [blank_start]least[blank_end] serious acts, based on 3 dimensions:
1. the degree of [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] that an act is wrong
2. the severity of [blank_start]society's response[blank_end] to the act
3. The [blank_start]amount of harm[blank_end] caused by the act
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most
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least
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consensus
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society's response
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amount of harm
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Based on Hagen's seriousness- What are the 4 categories of crime & deviance?
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Consensus crimes - crimes that almost everyone in society agrees should be punished (murder, arson, rape)
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Social crimes
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Conflict crimes- wrong by prohibition (drug, alcohol crimes)
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Social deviations- violation of cultural/social norms (folkways)
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Social diversions- not necessarily criminal but officially controlled (parking ticket, trespassing)
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Criminalization process - how certain behaviours become [blank_start]criminalized[blank_end] over time while others become [blank_start]decriminalized[blank_end]
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criminalized
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new
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criminals
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decriminalized
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normal
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old
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Net widening means new laws and new methods of supervision may increase the size of the population under "social control"
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Crime is socially defined