Zusammenfassung der Ressource
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A victim is a "person (or animal) who is harmed, injured, or killed as the result of a crime, accident, or other event or action"
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Primary Victims are:
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witnesses, bystanders, may be psychologically traumatized
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they are directly affected and often physically injured as a result of the event
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family members & friends
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Secondary Victims are:
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directly affected
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witnesses & bystanders, traumatized from witnessing event or dealing with after-effects
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friends & family who were not present
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none
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Tertiary Victims are:
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Family members & friends who were not present at the event but who may suffer repercussions of victimization (e.g. primary victim is a sibling)
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not at all involved in the crime
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will not suffer any problems from crime
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[blank_start]Direct Victim[blank_end]- present at the time of victimization & experiences harm
[blank_start]Indirect Victim[blank_end]- not immediately affected by but suffers in some way because of victimization
[blank_start]Vicarious Victim[blank_end]- a person who does not experience direct victimization but responds as if they had been after learning of event
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Direct Victim
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Indirect Victim
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Vicarious Victim
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Strobl's Self victim classification:
Individual & others regard individual as a victim = [blank_start]actual[blank_end] victim
individual does not regard him/herself as victim but others do = [blank_start]designated[blank_end] victim
Individual regards themselves as a victim but others do not = [blank_start]rejected[blank_end] victim
individual and others do not see themselves as a victim = [blank_start]non-victim[blank_end]
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actual
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designated
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rejected
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non-victim
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General Social Survey (GSS):
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uses random sample of Canadian population & asks questions about victimization
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includes data not reported to police
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25% of Canadians victimized by theft or assault annually
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40% reported repeat victimization
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Crime will cause victims in Canada [blank_start]$2.5[blank_end] billion in costs and pain & suffering
Less than:
[blank_start]33%[blank_end] of victims call police to report their crime (even lower for sexual assault)
[blank_start]3%[blank_end] of victims will see their offender convicted
Impact:
costs for victims= $83 billion in 2008
including $65 billion in pain & sufferning
& $14 billion in tangible costs
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$2.5
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$2
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$3
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$2.6
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33%
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30%
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32%
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40%
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5%
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3%
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10%
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7%
Frage 9
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victims with PTSD have intense feelings of fear, helplessness & horror , difficulty sleeping, daily functioning
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most often seen in those who served in combat, been raped, survived natural disasters etc.
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stands for Personal Traumatic Stress disorder
Frage 10
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stories that reflect belief systems that reveal incorrect assumptions about causes of sexual assault
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ex. rape is sex
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ex. women entice men to rape them (provocative clothing)
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rape is a serious violent crime that must be punishable
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How do victims recover?
[blank_start]protective mechanisms[blank_end]: resources victims can access to assist with recovery
[blank_start]Resilience[blank_end]- ability to resist trauma & cope
2 types of protective mechanisms:
1. [blank_start]personal protective factors[blank_end]- coping skills, social skills
2. [blank_start]community & social support factors[blank_end]- support from friends, family & neighbourhood
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2014 federal government introduces the victims bill of rights act to create statutory rights for victims of crime which include:
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right to information
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right to retitution
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Right to protection
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right to participation
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right to complain
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right to immunity