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A situation where several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which access takes place is called:
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race condition
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data consistency
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starvation
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mutual exclusion
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Which one of the following is the address generated by CPU?
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logical address
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physical address
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absolute address
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none of the above
Frage 3
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What is the ready state of a process?
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when process is scheduled to run after some execution
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none of the above
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when process is using CPU
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when process is unable to run until some task has been completed
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Mutual exclusion can be provided by the:
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none of the above maint
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mutex locks
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both
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binary semaphores
Frage 5
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What is a long-term scheduler?
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it selects which process has to be executed next and allocates CPU
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none of the above
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it selects which process has to be brought into the ready queue
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it selects which process has to remove from memory by swapping
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Operating system maintains the page table for
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each process
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each thread
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each instruction
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each address
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If a page number is not found in the TLB, then it is known as a:
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TLB miss
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buffer miss
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TLB hit
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page fault
Frage 8
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Part of a program where the shared memory is accessed and which should be executed invisibly, is called:
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semaphores
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mutual exclusion
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critical section
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directory
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In memory systems, boundary registers?
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track the beginning and ending of programs
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track page boundaries
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are only necessary with fixed partitions
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are used for temporary program variable storage
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The resource vector defines
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total amount of resources required for all processes
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total amount of each resource in the system
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total amount of each resource allocated to all processes
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total amount of each resource NOT allocated to any process
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When each process in the set is blocked awaiting for resource seized by another blocked process
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it is a deadend
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it is a deadlock
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it is a softlock
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it is a mortallock
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The number of resources requested be a process:
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must exceed the total number of resources available in the system
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must always be equal to the total number of resources available in the system
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must not exceed the total number of resources available in the system
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must always be less than the total number of resources available in the system
Frage 13
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What is interprocess communication?
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communication between two process
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communication between two threads of same process
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none of the above
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communication within the process
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The degree of multi-programming is:
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the number of processes executed per unit time
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the number of processes in the I/O queue
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the number of processes in the ready queue
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the number of processes in memory
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This matrix defines the amount of resources of type j requested by process i
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Allocation matrix
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Resource matrix
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Request matrix
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Claim matrix
Frage 16
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To avoid the race condition, the number of processes that may be simultaneously inside their critical section is:
Frage 17
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Which process can be affected by other processes executing in the system?
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init process
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cooperating process
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child process
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parent process
Frage 18
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Which of the following registers are used by the processor to exchange data with memory?
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MAR and MBR
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PC and IR
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Program status word
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I/OAR and I/OBR
Frage 19
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Which of the following registers are used by the processor to exchange data with input/output module?
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MAR and MBR
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PC and IR
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Program status word
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I/OAR and I/OBR
Frage 20
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The main disadvantage of this technique: consumes a lot of processor time, because every word
Frage 21
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The processor issues an I/O command to a module and then go on to some other useful work. The I/O module performs the requested action and alerts the processor to request service when it is ready to exchange data with the processor. The described technique is:
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Which of the following is not a technique possible for I/O operations?
Frage 23
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If a page table entry is not in main memory, then it is known as a:
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page fault
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buffer miss
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TLB hit
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TLB miss
Frage 24
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We have
Ts = average (system) access time
T1 = access time of M1 (cache)
T2 = access time of M2 (main memory)
T3 = access time of M3 (disk)
H1 = hit ratio, fraction of time reference is found i M1
H2 = hit ratio, fraction of time reference is found i M2
The average time to access an item, in case the item in disk is:
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Ts = H1*T1 + H2*T2 + (1-H2)*T3
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Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*(H1*T1 + H2*(T1 + T2) + (1 - H2)*(T2 + T3))
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Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*H2*(T2 + T3)
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Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*(H2*(T1 + T2) + (1 - H2)*(T1 + T2 + T3))
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This chooses which block to replace when a new block is to be loaded into the cache and the cache already had all slots filled with other blocks:
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replacement algorithm
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write policy
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cache size
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locality of reference
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If the accessed word is found in the faster memory, that is defined as a:
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If the accessed word is not found in the faster memory, that is defined as a:
Frage 28
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The processor contains a single data register, called
Frage 29
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Which register contains the instruction most recently fetched?
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instruction register
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execution register
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program counter
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process counter
Frage 30
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This register specifies the location in memory for the next read or write
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Memory address register
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I/OAR
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Memory buffer register
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I/OBR
Frage 31
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Which of the following element of a computer system moves data between the computer and its external environment?
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Main memory
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Processor
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System bus
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I/O modules
Frage 32
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This main disadvantage of this technique: consumes a lot of processor time, because every word of data that goes from memory to I/O module or from I/O module to memory must pass through the processor
Frage 33
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The processor issues an I/O command to a separate module, by sending the type of operation (read/write), the address of the I/O device, the starting location in memory for data, number of words. Then the processor continues with other work. The module transfers the entire block of data to/from memory without going through the processor. The described technique is:
Frage 34
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The processor issues an I/O command to a module and waits, periodically checking the status of the I/O module until it finds that the operation is complete.
The I/O module performs the requested action and then sets the appropriate bits in the I/O status register but takes no further action to alert the processor.
The described technique is:
Frage 35
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The processor is executing "Load AC from memory" instruction. Choose the correct micro-instruction:
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PC -> MAR
M -> MBR
MBR -> AC
IR -> MAR
M -> MBR
MBR -> AC
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PC -> MBR
M -> MAR
MAR -> IR
IR -> MAR
M -> MBR
MBR -> AC
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PC -> MAR
M -> MBR
MBR -> IR
IR -> MAR
M -> MBR
MBR -> AC
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PC -> MAR
M -> MBR
MBR -> IR
IR -> MBR
M -> MAR
MAR -> AC
Frage 36
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If there no interrupts, after each write operation, the processor must:
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Load new PC value
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Finish execution of current instruction
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Save the PSW and PC onto control stack
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Pause and remain idle until the I/O operation finishes
Frage 37
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Complete the relationship concerning the memory systems: greater capacity
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lower capacity
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greater cost per bit
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faster access speed
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smaller cost per bit
Frage 38
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User-visible registers minimize main memory references by optimizing register use
Frage 39
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This register contains the data to be written into memory or which receives the data read from memory
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I/OAR
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memory buffer register
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memory address register
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I/OBR
Frage 40
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Which of the following element of a computer system controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions?
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System bus
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Main memory
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I/O modules
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Processor
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The main disadvantages of this technique: there is a competition for bus usage
Frage 42
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At the beginning of each instruction cycle, the processor fetches an instruction from the memory. The address of the instruction is held in
Frage 43
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The smaller, more expensive, faster memory is:
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Disk drive
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Cache
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Main memory
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Register
Frage 44
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There were no OS with
Frage 45
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The principal objective of the time-sharing system is to
Frage 46
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Serial processing was used
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The programmer interacted directly with the computer hardware with
Frage 48
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In operation system security and protection, availability is:
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Concerned with the proper verification of the identity of users and the validity of messages or data
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Assuring that users cannot read data for which access is unauthorized
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Protection of data from unauthorized modification
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Concerned with protecting the system against interruption
Frage 49
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Choose the storage management responsibility for "The OS can achieve efficiency by assigning memory to jobs only as needed"
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Process isolation
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Protection and access control
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Long-term storage
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Support of modular programming
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Automatic allocation and management
Frage 50
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Defines the size of the region of memory occupied by the process (in bytes or words)
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Contains the index into the process list of the process currently controlling the processor
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Points to the next instruction in that process to be executed
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Contains the staring address of the region of memory occupied by the process
Frage 51
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In operating system security and protection, authenticity is:
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Concerned with the proper verification of the identity of users and the validity of messages or data
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Assuring that users cannot read data for which access is unauthorized
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Protection of data from unauthorized modification
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Concerned with protecting the system against interruption
Frage 52
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An application programs is developed by the
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Application programmer
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End user
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Operating system
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Hardware
Frage 53
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"The OS as a User/Computer interface" corresponds to the following objective
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Efficiency
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Convenience
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Ability to evolve
Frage 54
Frage 55
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If a process is executing in its critical section, then no other processes can be executing in their critical section. This condition is called
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Synchronous exclusion
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Critical exclusion
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Asynchronous exclusion
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Mutual exclusion
Frage 56
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In operating system security and protection, confidentiality is:
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Concerned with the proper verification of the identity of users and the validity of messages or data
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Assuring that users cannot read data for which access is unauthorized
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Protection of data from unauthorized modification
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Concerned with protecting the system against interruption
Frage 57
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In operating system security and protection, Data integrity is:
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Concerned with the proper verification of the identity of users and the validity of messages or data
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Assuring that users cannot read data for which access is unauthorized
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Protection of data from unauthorized modification
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Concerned with protecting the system against interruption
Frage 58
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When the time required for the I/O operation is less that the time to complete the execution of instructions between write operations in the user program, it is:
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Fast I/O wait
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Slow I/O wait
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Long I/O wait
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Short I/O wait
Frage 59
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This type of memory is nonvolatile:
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Register
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Secondary memory
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Cache
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Main memory
Frage 60
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If the contents of a block in the cache are altered, then it is needed to save it back to main memory before replacing it. This is called:
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write policy
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mapping function
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locality of reference
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replacement algorithm
Frage 61
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What is not a structural element of a computer system?
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System bus
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Main memory
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Operating system
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Processor
Frage 62
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The main disadvantage of this technique: it is a time-consuming process that keeps the processor busy needlessly
Frage 63
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Which of the following element of a computer system stores data and programs
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Main memory
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System bus
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Processor
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I/O modules
Frage 64
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When an I/O device completes an I/O operation, the device issues an interrupt signal to the processor and then:
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The processor stops execution of the current instruction without finishing it and responds to the interrupt
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The processor loads the program counter with the entry location of the interrupt-handling routine
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The processor saves information needed to resume the current program at the point if interrupt
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The processor finishes execution of the current instruction before responding to the interrupt
Frage 65
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Complete the relationship concerning the memory systems: greater capacity
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lower capacity
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slower access speed
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greater cost per bit
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faster access speed
Frage 66
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Which register contains condition codes set by the processor hardware as the result of operations?
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Program counter
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Accumulator
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Program status word
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Stack pointer
Frage 67
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Which of the following provides for communication among elements of a computer system?
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main memory
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system bus
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processor
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I/O modules
Frage 68
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We have
Ts = average (system) access time
T1 = access time of M1 (cache)
T2 = access time of M2 (main memory)
T3 = access time of M3 (disk)
H1 = hit ratio, fraction of time reference is found i M1
H2 = hit ratio, fraction of time reference is found i M2
The average time to access an item, in case the item in main memory is:
Antworten
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Ts = H1*T1 + H2*T2 + (1-H2)*T3
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Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*(H1*T1 + H2*(T1 + T2) + (1 - H2)*(T2 + T3))
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Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*(T1+T2)
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Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*(H2*(T1 + T2) + (1 - H2)*(T1 + T2 + T3))
Frage 69
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Control and status registers control the operation of the processor and the execution of programs
Frage 70
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This type of system was developed at MIT by a group known as Project MAC for the IBM 709 in 1961
Frage 71
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The concept of codes of operation (user mode, system mode) was introduced with
Frage 72
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Short-term scheduler, or dispatcher, picks a process. Each process in the queue is given some time in turn. This strategy is called:
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Round-robin technique
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Prioritizing
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Carousel technique
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Merry-go-round technique
Frage 73
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Central idea in this system was the use of piece of software known as the monitor:
Frage 74
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'More than one program attempts to make use of a shared resource at the same time'. This is
Frage 75
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The term was first used by the designers of Multics in 1960s:
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Monitor
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Process
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Multiprogramming
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Time sharing
Frage 76
Antworten
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Application program
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System programs
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Opcodes
-
Processor registers
Frage 77
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"When program shares memory and their execution is interleaved by the processor, they may interfere with each other by overwriting common memory areas in unpredictable ways. The result of a particular program depend on the activities of other programs in shared systems".
This is:
Frage 78
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The state of a processor is defined by:
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the activity just executed by the process
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the current activity of the process
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the final activity of the process
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the activity to next be executed by the process
Frage 79
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The hardware and software used in providing applications to a user can be viewed in:
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classified fashion
-
layered fashion
-
sandwich fashion
-
leveled fashion
Frage 80
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Suppose that a process is in "Blocked" state waiting for some I/O device.
When the service is completed, it goes to the:
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Suspended state
-
Terminated state
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Ready state
-
Running state
Frage 81
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We have
Ts = average (system) access time
T1 = access time of M1 (cache)
T2 = access time of M2 (main memory)
T3 = access time of M3 (disk)
H1 = hit ratio, fraction of time reference is found i M1
H2 = hit ratio, fraction of time reference is found i M2
The average time to access an item, in case the item in cache is:
Antworten
-
Ts = H1*T1 + H2*T2 + (1-H2)*T3
-
Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*(H1*T1 + H2*(T1 + T2) + (1 - H2)*(T2 + T3))
-
Ts = H1*T1
-
Ts = H1*T1 + (1-H1)*(H2*(T1 + T2) + (1 - H2)*(T1 + T2 + T3))
Frage 82
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The serial processing presented two main problems:
Antworten
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setup time
-
using a monitor
-
time slicing
-
multiprogramming
-
scheduling
Frage 83
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The process index register:
Antworten
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contains the index into a process list of the process currently controlling the processor
-
define the region in memory occupied by the process
-
points to the next instruction in that process to be executed
-
contains the starting address of the region of memory occupied by the process
Frage 84
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The concept of a batch operating system was developed to
Frage 85
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Batch operating system were used
Frage 86
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"More than one programs hung up waiting for each other".
This is
Frage 87
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This contains the most frequently used functions in the OS:
Frage 88
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The end user views a computer system in terms of:
Frage 89
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Which of the following is not the state of a process?
Antworten
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new
-
waiting
-
terminated
-
ready
-
running
-
old
Frage 90
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The fetched instruction is loaded into the
Frage 91
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When the time required for the I/O operation will take much more time than executing a sequence of user instructions, it is:
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Slow I/O wait
-
Long I/O wait
-
Fast I/O wait
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Short I/O wait
Frage 92
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The system handles multiple interactive jobs
Frage 93
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A system clock generates interrupts at a rate of approximately one every 0.2 seconds. At each clock interrupt, the OS regained control and could assign the processor to another user. This technique is known as
Antworten
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Time scheduling
-
Time sliding
-
Time slicing
-
Time allocating
Frage 94
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Choose the storage management responsibility for "Programmers should be able to define programs modules, and to create, destroy, and alter the size of modules dynamically":
Antworten
-
Protection and access control
-
Long-term storage
-
automatic allocation and management
-
process isolation
-
support of modular programming
Frage 95
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'Lost signals, duplicate signals received'. This is