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Midterm 3

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Quiz am Midterm 3, erstellt von shealeya8188 am 11/09/2014.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The tendency for test takers to agree on most of the items is called a(n)
Antworten
  • guessing threshold.
  • acquiescence response set.
  • item difficulty.
  • the miss rate.

Frage 2

Frage
This test item is an example of a
Antworten
  • polytomous format
  • dichotomous format
  • Likert format
  • category format

Frage 3

Frage
Distractors that are obviously incorrect
Antworten
  • lower the reliability of the test
  • increase the reliability of the test
  • have no impact on the reliability of the test
  • reduce the likelihood of correct guessing

Frage 4

Frage
True-false examinations use
Antworten
  • a dichotomous format
  • a polytomous format.
  • a Likert format
  • a category format.

Frage 5

Frage
In multiple choice examinations, incorrect alternatives are called
Antworten
  • flags
  • non-categories
  • distractors
  • miss rates

Frage 6

Frage
The expected level of chance performance, for a 200-item multiple-choice exam with four choice alternatives, is
Antworten
  • 25 correct
  • 50 correct
  • 75 correct
  • 100 correct

Frage 7

Frage
In order to correct for guessing
Antworten
  • a correction formula can be used.
  • distractors should be eliminated.
  • the number of items should be increased.
  • distractors should be increased.

Frage 8

Frage
Suppose that you are taking a multiple choice test where there is no correction for guessing. If you aren't sure of the answer,
Antworten
  • only guess if you have some confidence you are correct.
  • you should always guess on a speed test.
  • you should always guess.
  • you should never guess.

Frage 9

Frage
What describes the chances that a low-ability test taker will obtain each score?
Antworten
  • acquiescence response set
  • the miss rate
  • guessing threshold
  • the moments method

Frage 10

Frage
What format do some personality tests use because it requires an absolute judgment?
Antworten
  • multiple-choice
  • Likert
  • dichotomous
  • category

Frage 11

Frage
Which item format can best be factor analyzed to find which ones group together?
Antworten
  • multiple-choice
  • Likert
  • dichotommous
  • forced-choice

Frage 12

Frage
Suppose you got 75 items correct on a 100-item, six alternative, multiple-choice exam. What would your score be after we corrected for guessing?
Antworten
  • 50
  • 57
  • 63
  • 70

Frage 13

Frage
Under what circumstance is it NOT to your advantage to guess on a multiple-choice exam?
Antworten
  • when you are making a "wild guess" and a correction formula is being used
  • in any test situation where you are making a "wild guess"
  • when you can rule out one or more of the alternatives as being incorrect
  • when the guessing threshold is low

Frage 14

Frage
The difference between Likert scales and category formats is that
Antworten
  • category formats are used only in health settings.
  • category formats tends to be dichotomous while Likert scales tends to be polytomous.
  • category formats tend to have a smaller number of choices.
  • Likert scales tend to have a smaller number of choices.

Frage 15

Frage
A test format that is typically used for attitude measurement is the
Antworten
  • checklist format
  • dichotomous format
  • category format
  • Likert format

Frage 16

Frage
When distractors are likely to be selected as alternative responses on multiple-choice tests,
Antworten
  • validity is increased
  • item reliability is increased
  • item reliability is decreased
  • guessing is reduced

Frage 17

Frage
One method for measuring chronic pain asks the respondent to group statements according to how accurately they describe his/her discomfort. This would be an example of the
Antworten
  • Q-sort format
  • checklist format
  • Likert format
  • category format

Frage 18

Frage
The following is an item from an attitude scale: Physical punishment is essential in order to control children. Strongly disagree Disagree Neither agree or disagree Agree Strongly agree This item is in the
Antworten
  • category format
  • Likert format
  • dichotomous format
  • polytomous format

Frage 19

Frage
One problem with the use of category rating scales is that
Antworten
  • many respondents are confused by dichotomous formats.
  • responses are sometimes influenced by the context in which objects are rated.
  • rating scales must be at least 100 points in order to be meaningfully interpreted.
  • category rating scale data do not have ordinal scale property.

Frage 20

Frage
Describing the chances that low-ability test takers will obtain each score is called the
Antworten
  • dichotomous format.
  • polytomous format.
  • guessing threshold.
  • 50% threshold.

Frage 21

Frage
In general, studies have indicated that the race of the examiner
Antworten
  • should be the same as that of the subject.
  • should be different than that of the subject.
  • is unrelated to test performance.
  • is not as important as sex of the examiner.

Frage 22

Frage
Studies on the effect of the race of the tester have demonstrated that
Antworten
  • African-American children consistently score higher when they are tested by African-American examiners.
  • African-American children consistently score lower when they are tested by African-American examiners.
  • White children consistently score higher when they are tested by White examiners.
  • that the race of the examiner does not have a significant effect on the test scores of African-American or White children.

Frage 23

Frage
For children up through about the 3rd grade, a friendly examiner
Antworten
  • significantly affects performance on a test.
  • does not significantly affect performance on a test.
  • increased IQ scores by nearly one standard deviation.
  • decreased IQ scores by nearly one standard deviation.

Frage 24

Frage
Dominic, a Caucasian male, is in the first grade and his reading skills are being assessed for placement next year. His teacher is out sick on the day of his assessment test. You can expect his test score to be
Antworten
  • substantially higher than if the test were administered by the regular teacher
  • unaffected by the change in examiner.
  • significantly lower as a result of an unfamiliar examiner
  • nothing more than a reflection of his reading ability

Frage 25

Frage
Studies have demonstrated that
Antworten
  • disapproving comments by an examiner can hinder test performance.
  • disapproving comments by the examiner can actually motivate children and enhance their performance.
  • too much approval by the examiner can hinder performance.
  • there is no relationship between the examiner's comments and test performance.

Frage 26

Frage
The "Rosenthal effect" occurs when
Antworten
  • race of the tester produces a bias.
  • the administrators' expectations influence the respondents' scores.
  • test-takers do poorly because they are fatigued.
  • the gender of the test administrator is different than that of the examinee.

Frage 27

Frage
Rosenthal asserted that expectancy effects are likely to result from subtle uses of
Antworten
  • reinforcement
  • nonverbal communication
  • disapproving comments
  • gender and racial bias

Frage 28

Frage
Research on the effects of examiners' expectations upon test scores have shown that
Antworten
  • examiners' expectations influence scores only when rapport has developed.
  • examiners' expectations have little effect upon test scores.
  • there is inconsistency with regard to the effect of examiners' expectations
  • too few studies have been done to draw any conclusions.

Frage 29

Frage
The school board decided to send professional test administrators into the schools in an attempt to establish stricter standardization procedures for the administration of IQ tests. If you are from a socio-economically disadvantaged area, you can expect that the test scores for your school district will
Antworten
  • benefit greatly from the use of outside examiners.
  • be equal to the scores received by students in upper socio-economic groups.
  • be more negatively impacted by the use of unfamiliar examiners than for wealthier districts.
  • be more positively impacted by the use of unfamiliar examiners than for wealthier districts.

Frage 30

Frage
Studies on the effect of reinforcement upon intelligence test performance by African-American children (by Terrell and colleagues) suggest that
Antworten
  • African-American children will improve their performance if given simple verbal praise such as "Excellent performance".
  • African-American children will not be affected by the administration of tangible awards.
  • only "culturally relevant" verbal praise will help boost performance by African-American children.
  • culturally specific feedback such as "Nice job, blood" alienates African-American youngsters and may damage test performance.

Frage 31

Frage
Mrs. Morgan and Mrs. Malcolm are African-American and only want an African-American examiner to administer an IQ test to their children. They
Antworten
  • are justifiably concerned that their children's scores will be adversely affected by a Caucasian examiner.
  • are operating under the widely held myth that the race of the examiner impedes performance of African-American children.
  • realize that strict standards for proper test administration do not exist.
  • realize that it is important to have an examiner that is new and unknown to the test-taker.

Frage 32

Frage
Mr. and Mrs. Lozano have recently moved to Ohio from Mexico and have been notified that their son Reuben will be given an English IQ test to determine school placement. They should
Antworten
  • not be concerned about the language of the test because one of the secretaries has offered to translate.
  • be pleased because the school is hiring a professional to translate the test especially for Reuben.
  • ask the school to only use a test that has been translated and subjected to reliability and validity studies in Spanish speaking populations.
  • realize that by testing their son in English, they are helping him to acculturate to his new environment much faster

Frage 33

Frage
Because situational variables can affect test scores, testing requires
Antworten
  • standardized conditions.
  • at least two test administrators.
  • a test administrator and an observer.
  • test administrators with similar backgrounds and characteristics.

Frage 34

Frage
Patty has just received a graduate degree in psychology and has been hired by a local organization to administer the WAIS-R. They should
Antworten
  • have no qualms about her qualifications for this position because she has a degree.
  • have no qualms about her qualifications because her program required that she engage in at least 5 practice administrations of this test.
  • be aware that errors are likely to be high unless she has completed at least 10 practice sessions.
  • realize test administer training is a highly standardized process with high quality standards.

Frage 35

Frage
Mrs. Collins and Mrs. Grey both administered the same IQ test to their regular classes by reading instructions, refraining from providing any verbal feedback, and generally following strict procedural guidelines. Even though the classes were comparable, Mrs. Grey's class had much lower test scores than Mrs. Collins. It is likely that
Antworten
  • the instructions were not clear.
  • standard test administration does not work.
  • some subtle non-verbal cue or body language affected scores.
  • the race of the teachers affected test scores.

Frage 36

Frage
The Rosenthal effect
Antworten
  • appears to be consistent but relatively small.
  • is limited to human subjects
  • has been consistently replicated
  • shows no gender effect

Frage 37

Frage
Worry, emotionality, and lack of self-confidence are the three components of
Antworten
  • test anxiety
  • expectancy effects
  • human factors
  • reactivity

Frage 38

Frage
As sample size increases, expectancy effects tend to
Antworten
  • become more important
  • decrease
  • remain stable
  • increase

Frage 39

Frage
The study by Terrell, et al. in which four groups of African-American children were provided four different kinds of feedback shows
Antworten
  • an effect of race of examiner.
  • no difference between types of feedback.
  • the importance of culturally relevant rewards.
  • that tangible rewards outperform any verbal feedback.

Frage 40

Frage
Why is it of concern that there is not a standardized protocol for training on how to administer the WAIS-R?
Antworten
  • Individuals with only undergraduate degrees are permitted to administer it, making training especially important.
  • The courts have repeatedly ordered the development of standardized training for the WAIS-R, but it has not been done.
  • There is no evidence that training will improve the ability of examiners to administer and score the WAIS-R.
  • Research indicates that errors are common until examiners have administered 10 practice tests and declines thereafter.

Frage 41

Frage
The personnel manager of ABC Company asked all of the applicants she interviewed the same questions in the same systematic fashion. She was conducting a(n) ____ interview.
Antworten
  • nondirective
  • unstructured
  • structured
  • diagnostic

Frage 42

Frage
An interview in which the person being interviewed is allowed to determine the direction of the interview is called a(n) ____ interview.
Antworten
  • nondirective
  • directive
  • structured
  • selection

Frage 43

Frage
Which of the following differentiates between an interview and psychological tests in general?
Antworten
  • how they are evaluated
  • whether they are administered individually or in groups
  • whether there is a standardized format
  • their importance for gathering information in clinical settings

Frage 44

Frage
Which test cannot be properly used without interview data?
Antworten
  • TAT
  • MMPI
  • 16PF
  • WAIS

Frage 45

Frage
The reciprocal nature of interviewing means
Antworten
  • the participants of an interview do not influence each other's mood.
  • the participants of an interview are interdependent upon and influence each other.
  • an interview involves high activity among both participants.
  • if the interviewer is tense and anxious, the interviewee will tend to calm down.

Frage 46

Frage
Studies have shown that in an interview
Antworten
  • high activity in one participant is associated with reduced activity in the other.
  • high activity in one participant is associated with increased activity in the other.
  • the activity of one participant has nothing to do with the activity of the other.
  • high activity in one participant tends to lead to hostility in the other.

Frage 47

Frage
Criminal interrogations can result in misleading information if an interrogator is highly active because
Antworten
  • they make the suspect nervous and prone to make misleading statements.
  • the suspect's activity level increases, which increases the interrogator's suspiciousness.
  • hyperactive interrogators tend to miss important cues given by the suspect.
  • active interrogators tend to cause the suspect to clam up and refuse to make a statement.

Frage 48

Frage
David had graduated and secured two job interviews. He was quite nervous and in one interview, the interview team bickered among themselves and was rude to each other. In the other, the interview team was calm, relaxed, and welcoming. When he later thought about the interviews, David described himself as feeling very tense and even frightened in the first interview, and calm and confident in the second one. This is consistent with the idea of
Antworten
  • mirroring
  • social facilitation
  • active listening
  • probing

Frage 49

Frage
During a job interview, Geoffrey found his behavior began to mimic the behavior of the nervous and disorganized interviewer. This is best described as an example of
Antworten
  • social facilitation
  • halo effect
  • interpersonal attraction
  • paraphrasing

Frage 50

Frage
The degree to which one person is able to influence another is known as
Antworten
  • interpersonal attraction
  • interpersonal influence
  • social facilitation
  • halo effect

Frage 51

Frage
Social facilitation refers to
Antworten
  • the phenomenon that we tend to act like the models around us
  • a method of interviewing
  • the best method of psychotherapy
  • a method of enhancing human relationships

Frage 52

Frage
Good interview behavior is more a matter of ____ than ____.
Antworten
  • social skills; experience
  • technique; attitude
  • attitude; skill
  • acquired abilities; personality style

Frage 53

Frage
One study (Saccuzzo, 1975) found that the most important factor in a patient's evaluations of the quality of an interview was
Antworten
  • the seriousness of their concerns
  • their mood state
  • the therapist's orientation
  • their perceptions of the interview's feelings

Frage 54

Frage
In social psychology, the degree to which people share a feeling of understanding, mutual respect, and similarity is known as
Antworten
  • social facilitation
  • interpersonal influence
  • interpersonal attraction
  • halo effect

Frage 55

Frage
Deliberately inducing discomfort or anxiety in an interviewee
Antworten
  • should always be avoided.
  • is likely to increase how much information an interviewee reveals
  • is related to the interviewer's training.
  • is appropriate for certain types of interviews.

Frage 56

Frage
The fact that Roger is more impressed by how much his therapist appeared to care, rather than the numerous diplomas and certificates on the therapist’s walls, suggests that Roger will likely evaluate the quality of the interview as
Antworten
  • poor
  • average
  • high
  • indeterminate

Frage 57

Frage
Probing statements
Antworten
  • will put the interviewee on the defensive
  • do no carry judgmental overtone
  • should usually be avoided in an interview
  • communicate a deep sense of empathy

Frage 58

Frage
Which of the following directs anger toward the interviewee?
Antworten
  • evaluative statements
  • probing statements
  • hostile statements
  • reassuring statement

Frage 59

Frage
Which of the following communicates "I don't approve of this aspect of you?"
Antworten
  • evaluative statements
  • probing statements
  • hostile statements
  • reassuring statements

Frage 60

Frage
Which of the following demands more information than the interviewee would be willing to provide voluntarily?
Antworten
  • evaluative statements
  • probing statements
  • hostile statements
  • reassuring statements

Frage 61

Frage
What method of studying intelligence examines the properties of a test by evaluating its correlates and underlying dimensions?
Antworten
  • factor analysis
  • psychometric
  • information-processing
  • cognitive

Frage 62

Frage
Dr. Kang is investigating the mechanisms that underlie how humans learn and solve problems. She is using the ____ approach to investigate human intelligence.
Antworten
  • information-processing
  • psychometric
  • cognitive
  • psychophysics

Frage 63

Frage
Which of the following needs was the impetus for the development of intelligence testing?
Antworten
  • classification of military recruits
  • identification of high quality civil service recruits
  • identification of individuals with intellectual disabilities
  • creation of vocational and technical colleges

Frage 64

Frage
In research investigating human intelligence, focusing on how humans adapt to real-world demands is called a ____ approach.
Antworten
  • information-processing
  • psychometric
  • cognitive
  • psychophysics

Frage 65

Frage
What is the oldest approach to investigating human intelligence?
Antworten
  • information-processing
  • psychometric
  • cognitive
  • psychophysics

Frage 66

Frage
The finding that a correlation exists between scores on all standardized intelligence tests and ____ has been a problem in defining intelligence.
Antworten
  • gender
  • profession
  • chronological age
  • socioeconomic status

Frage 67

Frage
Which of the following is part of Binet's definition of intelligence?
Antworten
  • memory function
  • the level of quantitative skills
  • self-criticism
  • the ability to carry on abstract thinking

Frage 68

Frage
Binet believed that human intelligence was expressed through
Antworten
  • socioeconomic status and level of education
  • positive self concept and gender.
  • judgment, attention, and reasoning
  • ethnicity and socioeconomic status

Frage 69

Frage
Binet's two major principles of test construction were
Antworten
  • general mental ability and age differentiation
  • reliability and validity
  • norms and standardization
  • age differentiation and age scale

Frage 70

Frage
With the principle of age differentiation
Antworten
  • one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child independently of chronological age.
  • one can find the equivalent age capabilities of a child if their chronological age is known.
  • the deviation IQ can be ascertained
  • Binet freed himself from the burden of identifying each independent aspect of intelligence.

Frage 71

Frage
The tasks that Binet used to differentiate between age groups could be completed by what percentage of the children in a particular age group?
Antworten
  • at least 50%
  • between 50% and 75%
  • between 66.67% and 75%
  • 100%

Frage 72

Frage
The concept that older children have greater capabilities than younger children is referred to as
Antworten
  • general mental ability
  • intelligence.
  • Spearman's g.
  • the principle of age differentiation

Frage 73

Frage
What technique is more commonly used today in order to evaluate age equivalent capabilities?
Antworten
  • item response theory
  • factor analysis
  • mental age
  • predictive validity

Frage 74

Frage
With the concept of general intelligence
Antworten
  • Binet's search for tasks could be unrestricted.
  • Binet was forced to ascertain the relative contribution of each element to the whole.
  • the value of a task could be judged in terms of its correlation with the total score.
  • each element of intelligence must first be identified.

Frage 75

Frage
Which of the following is an implication of Binet’s concept of general mental ability?
Antworten
  • Individual items that do not correlate well with the total score can be eliminated.
  • A broad range of diverse items must be included
  • Variability in the ability to perform specific skills should be minimal.
  • Those who are high in general mental ability will also be high in specific mental abilities

Frage 76

Frage
A major implication of general intelligence is that
Antworten
  • a person's intelligence can best be represented by a single score.
  • human intelligence is broad and general
  • human intelligence is the interaction among a broad range of specific abilities.
  • human intelligence refers to good judgment, reasoning, concentration, attention, etc.

Frage 77

Frage
To support the notion of g, Spearman developed a statistical technique called
Antworten
  • correlation
  • principle components
  • factor analysis.
  • analysis of variance.

Frage 78

Frage
Spearman suggested that the variance that is shared by a set of tests/scores represents
Antworten
  • age differentiation.
  • positive manifold.
  • the g factor.
  • factor analysis.

Frage 79

Frage
According to Spearman, what percentage of the variance in a set of mental ability tests is represented by the g factor?
Antworten
  • 50%
  • between 66.67% and 75%
  • 75%
  • 100%

Frage 80

Frage
According to the concept of general intelligence, a person's intelligence score actually represents
Antworten
  • differences in unique ability stemming from a specific task.
  • the additive score on a broad variety of tasks.
  • the shared variance underlying performance on a diverse set of tasks.
  • abilities on a particular test as compared to others within the same age group

Frage 81

Frage
Among his motivations for the development of the Wechsler scales of intelligence, was David Wechsler's belief that
Antworten
  • one underlying mental ability was solely responsible for the concept of intelligence.
  • a single intelligence score was the most appropriate measure of human intelligence.
  • human intelligence was significantly influenced by nonintellectual factors.
  • existing intelligence scales were adequate to measure the intelligence of all age groups.

Frage 82

Frage
Because he used a point scale, Wechsler was able to
Antworten
  • determine age level performance.
  • assign points on an all or none basis.
  • only analyze one area of ability.
  • group similar content items together.

Frage 83

Frage
The separate subscale used to measure nonverbal intelligence in the Wechsler scale is called a(n)
Antworten
  • point scale
  • performance scale
  • memory scale
  • age scale.

Frage 84

Frage
One of the most influential advocates of the role of nonintellectual factors in intelligence tests is
Antworten
  • Binet.
  • Terman.
  • Wechsler.
  • Rapaport.

Frage 85

Frage
A major criticism of the Binet scale by Wechsler was that
Antworten
  • the Binet Scale was not an appropriate measure of adult intelligence.
  • the concept of an age scale was outdated.
  • it was not reliable.
  • the norms did not include non-whites.

Frage 86

Frage
The original Wechsler scale was the first one that
Antworten
  • was capable of directly comparing verbal and nonverbal measures.
  • used a large, representative sample.
  • used a performance scale.
  • could be generalized to various populations.

Frage 87

Frage
The Wechsler-Bellevue
Antworten
  • was well standardized.
  • had a normative sample consisting of a representative sample of adults.
  • included a standardization sample that was larger than any before or since.
  • used separate subscales to measure adult intelligence

Frage 88

Frage
The Wechsler tests employs a(n)
Antworten
  • age scale concept.
  • criterion IQ concept.
  • self-reference point concept.
  • point scale concept.

Frage 89

Frage
In a point scale,
Antworten
  • items are grouped according to age level and content.
  • points are assigned to each item.
  • items cannot be presented in order of increasing difficulty.
  • subjects receive some points even for items that are missed.

Frage 90

Frage
The concept of a Performance Scale
Antworten
  • was introduced by Wechsler in 1939
  • was introduced prior to the development of the Wechsler-Bellevue.
  • was found to be more applicable to adults than to children.
  • was found to be more applicable to children than to adults.

Frage 91

Frage
Which of the following is true of the Wechsler Scales?
Antworten
  • Items have content validity for adults.
  • They are most useful with adults.
  • They are administered in groups
  • They have limited reliability in clinical settings.

Frage 92

Frage
The main reason for including a performance scale in a measure of intelligence is to
Antworten
  • facilitate scoring.
  • increase ease of administration.
  • improve examiner-examinee rapport
  • overcome language, cultural, and educational factors.

Frage 93

Frage
Which of the following is a component of Wechsler's definition of intelligence?
Antworten
  • self-esteem
  • emotional intelligence
  • artistic talent
  • capacity to act purposefully

Frage 94

Frage
Which of the following is true of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale?
Antworten
  • It is appropriate for children but not adults.
  • Its normative sample was non-representative
  • It has a verbal scale, but, unlike the other Wechsler scales, not a performance scale.
  • It is unfair to older adults.

Frage 95

Frage
The information subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
  • concentration.
  • anxiety.
  • range of knowledge.
  • abstract thinking.

Frage 96

Frage
The comprehension subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
  • abstract thinking.
  • analysis of part whole relationships.
  • anxiety.
  • common sense or judgment.

Frage 97

Frage
The arithmetic subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
  • concentration.
  • alertness to details.
  • planning ability.
  • common sense or judgment

Frage 98

Frage
The similarities subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
  • abstract thinking.
  • planning ability.
  • common sense or judgment.
  • anxiety.

Frage 99

Frage
The digit span subtest of the WAIS-IV measures
Antworten
  • alertness to details.
  • nonverbal reasoning.
  • visual-motor functioning
  • anxiety.

Frage 100

Frage
Which WAIS-IV subtest asks questions such as, "What should you do if you see an injured person lying in the street?"
Antworten
  • information
  • comprehension
  • similarities
  • picture arrangement
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