Antenatal Care and Screening in Pregnancy

[blank_start]Sensitivity[blank_end] = Proportion of people with a disease which are detected by the test [blank_start]Specificity[blank_end] = Proportion of patients without a disease who are identified by a test

Ultrasound Screening Scans are carried out in which weeks of pregnancy? Week [blank_start]12[blank_end] and week [blank_start]20[blank_end]

[blank_start]Naegele's rule[blank_end] is used to calculate a woman's due date.

Naegele's rule calculates a women's due date by taking the date of her last period and adding [blank_start]9[blank_end] months and [blank_start]7[blank_end] days (280 days in total)

What are the terms given to each of the things described below? [blank_start]Lie[blank_end] - baby's position in the womb i.e longitudinal or transverse [blank_start]Presentation[blank_end] - what part of the baby is most inferior i.e cephalic (head) or breech (feet)

The normal foetal heart rate is between [blank_start]120-160[blank_end] bpm

In clinic, fundal length is measured from the fundus of the uterus to which bony landmark? The [blank_start]pubic Symphysis[blank_end]

In terms of the fundal height, 1cm is approximately equal to [blank_start]1 week[blank_end] of gestation

A fundal length of 28cm would indicate the pregnancy is at around [blank_start]28[blank_end] weeks gestation

Placenta [blank_start]praevia[blank_end] is when the placenta lies low in the uterus and covers the cervix

If placenta praevia is shown on the screening scan around 20 weeks, the woman should be offered another scan at [blank_start]32[blank_end] weeks gestation

As maternal age increases, the risk of giving birth to a baby with trisomy 21 increases.

Measured early in the pregnancy, the [blank_start]nuchal[blank_end] thickness of a foetus is a prime indicator of Down's Syndrome

Nuchal thickness is typically measured between weeks [blank_start]11 and 13[blank_end]

A nuchal thickness of below [blank_start]3.5[blank_end]mm is considered normal

Which measurement on foetal ultrasound is used to estimate gestational age?

How are the following markers are affected by Down's Syndrome? HCG - [blank_start]Increased in Down's Syndrome[blank_end] AFP - [blank_start]Reduced in Down's Syndrome[blank_end] PAPP-A - [blank_start]Reduced in Down's Syndrome[blank_end]

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) involves taking a sample of the maternal [blank_start]blood[blank_end] and can be conducted any time after the Week [blank_start]8[blank_end] of gestation

An inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production is known as a [blank_start]thalassemia[blank_end]

As well as thalassemias, what is the other main haematological condition that is tested for during the antenatal period?

It important to screen pregnant mothers for anaemia as can sporadically develop during pregnancy.

Whether a person is Rhesus positive or negative depends on the presence of the Rhesus [blank_start]D[blank_end] Antigen

Rhesus disease only occurs when the mother and father of a child have differing Rhesus statuses.

Rhesus disease only occurs if the woman is pregnant for the first time.

Which two of the following clinical signs are early indicators of pre-eclampsia?

Women at a high risk of pre-eclampsia are advised to take which drug daily from 12 week until the birth of the baby? 75mg [blank_start]Aspirin[blank_end] daily

Pregnant women have routine urinalysis conducted. Which endocrine condition seen in pregnancy may be shown by this routine screening? Gestational [blank_start]Diabetes[blank_end]

If urinalysis shows bacteriuria in a pregnant woman but she is asymptomatic, she should be treated for this anyway.

The first trimester ends at [blank_start]13[blank_end] weeks The second trimester ends at [blank_start]28[blank_end] weeks The third trimester ends at [blank_start]40[blank_end] weeks

Rhesus Disease can only possibly occur in Women who are [blank_start]RhD Negative[blank_end]