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Quiz von Elizabeth Mejia, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Elizabeth Mejia
vor etwa 5 Jahre
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Frage 1
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A priori knowledge is a knowledge that is justified independently of experience
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 2
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"Tadpoles become frogs" is an example of a posteriori knowledge.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 3
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Logically necessary truths are examples of a posteriori knowledge
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 4
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Descartes doubted every one of his beliefs except those that were based on solid sense experience
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 5
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Ideas that are inborn or that the mind already contains prior to experience are called innate ideas
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 6
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The Statement "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the sense" expresses empiricism
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 7
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Kant tried to form a compromise between rationalism and atheism
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- True
- False
Frage 8
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According to your text, objectivism is a dogmatic, authoritarian position in which the speaker claims that he or she has the absolute truth
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 9
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According to your text, the term "epistemology" comes from two Greek Words that mean
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opinion and belief
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knowledge and rational discourse
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questioning and answers
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searching and wisdom
Frage 10
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Philosophers, following Plato, have traditionally defined knowledge as
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a belief that someone embraces with conviction
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true justified belief
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something which is true, whether anyone is aware of it or not
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any opinion which is true, and leads to a successful life
Frage 11
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The adjective "empirical" refers to
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a claim for which no support is provided
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anything that is based on experience
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a logically necessary truth
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a knowledge that is based on a definition
Frage 12
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The claim "Either my team will win its next game or it won't" is an example of.....
Antworten
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a logically necessary truth and a priori knowledge
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a logically necessary truth and a posteriori knowledge
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factual information about the world and a posteriori knowledge
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empirical knowledge
Frage 13
Frage
One of the three epistemological questions discussed in the text is
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Is there such a thing as mental telepathy?
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Does our knowledge represent reality as it really is?
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What is the meaning of life?
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Is scientific knowledge incompatible with religious faith?
Frage 14
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The text referred to René Descartes's strategy for finding certainty as
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the inference to the best explanation
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the Socratic method
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methodological skepticism
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the scientific method
Frage 15
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The primary reason that Descartes doubted so many things was
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he has lost the will to go on living
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to show how foolish the ideas of his teachers were
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to find if there was any belief that was certain
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he was trying to attack religious belief
Frage 16
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In his initial examination of his beliefs, the one thing that Descartes could not doubt was that
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he was doubting
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he had a body
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2 + 3 = 5
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he was awake and not dreaming
Frage 17
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Descartes's first bedrock of certainty was
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"God exists"
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"I am not now dreaming"
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"I am, I exist."
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"I have a body"
Frage 18
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Which of the following was one of the three anchor points of rationalism?
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Scientific knowledge is the only kind of knowledge there is
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The fundamental truths about the world can be known a priori
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There is no God
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The reasons we have for our beliefs are nothing more than human opinions
Frage 19
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According to the rationalist, logical truths, mathematical truths, and metaphysical truths are all examples of which kind of knowledge?
Antworten
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empirical knowledge
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a posteriori knowledge
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a priori knowledge
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truths that do not tell us anything about the world
Frage 20
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Innate ideas are ideas that
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are acquired through experience
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based on an individual's cultural traditions
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can never be known to be true
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the mind already contains prior to experience
Frage 21
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In your reading from Plato's dialogue Phaedo, Socrates discusses
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the relationship between philosophy and the religious beliefs of his day
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the method for forming a truly good society and appointing its leaders
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how we can have knowledge of perfect justice, beauty, goodness and equality.
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why it is impossible to harm a truly good person
Frage 22
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Descartes's principle "there must be as much reality in the cause as there is in the effect" was used to prove the existence of
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his soul
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his body
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God
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the evil demon
Frage 23
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Descartes's argument for God's existence is based on
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the need for a reason to be moral
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the fact that the universe requires a cause
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the very idea of a perfect being
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the order and design in the world
Frage 24
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According to Descartes, the explanation of how he had the idea of God in his mind is that
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he intuited it from the beauty and grandeur of the universe
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God planted the idea within him
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his conscience and inner moral feelings led him to the idea of God
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all the above
Frage 25
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Descartes finally concluded that he could trust his sense experience because
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otherwise, life would not be worth living
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apart from experience, he would be unable to do science
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a good God would not deceive him
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the knowledge gained through the senses is just too obvious to be doubted
Frage 26
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The empiricist believes that
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the only source of genuine knowledge is sense experience
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apart from experience, the reason is an unreliable and inadequate route to knowledge
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there is no evidence of innate ideas within the mind
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all of the above
Frage 27
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Three of the empiricists discussed in the text were
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John Locke, George Berkely, and David Hume
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Plato, Rene Descartes, and John Locke
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Plato, Gottfried Leibniz, and George Berkely
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Gottfried Leibniz, John Locke, David Hume
Frage 28
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According to your text, "idealism" means the belief
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one should have an optimistic outlook on life
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the task of philosophy is to search for the ideal conditions of knowledge
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ultimate reality is mental or spiritual in nature
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reality goes far beyond what we discover in sense experience
Frage 29
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Berkeley believed that the word "matter" refers to
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nothing at all
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any object that is studied scientifically
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the external cause of our perceptual experiences
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something that is real, but only known indirectly
Frage 30
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Berkeley believed that the word "apple" refers to
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nothing more than a collection of experiences in our minds
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a material object
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a substance underlying what is experienced
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nothing, since reality, does not exist
Frage 31
Frage
Hume was skeptical about which of the following beliefs
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our belief that the future will always be like the past
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our belief in an external world
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our belief in the existence of our self
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all of the above
Frage 32
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Since fire has burned us in the past, we believe that fire will burn us in the future. According to Hume, this reasoning is based on
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impressions
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the principle of induction
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the laws of logic
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methodological skepticism
Frage 33
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Hume says our causal judgments are based on
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the experience of a necessary connection between two events
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the similarity between two events
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the bedrock certainty of the sciences
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the constant conjunction of two events in our past experience
Frage 34
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Hume's test for evaluating the worth of a book was to ask: Does it contain either......
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mathematical reasoning or experimental reasoning about matters of fact?
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morally uplifting advice or conclusions based on the author's experience?
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facts based on common opinion or the testimony of authorities
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clear and distinct ideas or fruitful ideas that provoke the imagination
Frage 35
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Which of the following claims did Immanuel Kant assert?
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All our knowledge begins with experience
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Experience alone cannot give us universal and necessary knowledge
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The mind constructs the objects of knowledge
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all of the above
Frage 36
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"Kant's revolution" refers to his proposal to
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reverse the relationship between knowledge and its objects in epistemology
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overthrow the king
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replace Newtonian physics with his theory
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overthrow the claims of empiricism and return to pure rationalism
Frage 37
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The text referred to Kant's position as "constructivism" because
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it was not negative and destructive like previous theories
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he tried to construct a bridge between scientific knowledge and religious knowledge
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he believed all knowledge was constructed out of the innate ideas in the mind
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he claimed that the mind forms its objects out of the raw data of experience
Frage 38
Frage
In Kant's terminology, things-as-they-appear-to-us are called __________ and things-in themselves are called ________.
Antworten
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complex ideas / simple ideas
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ideas/material objects
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the phenomena/the noumena
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secondary qualities/primary qualities
Frage 39
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According to Kant, the mind makes knowledge possible by
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creating reality out of itself
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imposing its own form on the materials of experience
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mirroring the structures of reality
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discovering the innate truths within the mind
Frage 40
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Kant's categories of the understanding are
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habits of thought acquired through experience
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his name for the laws of logic
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laws of nature discovered by science
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organizing principles the mind brings to the experience
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