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PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

Beschreibung

Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final
Danielle Easton
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Danielle Easton
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Berkeley was a rationalist
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 2

Frage
Which of the following claims does Locke believe?
Antworten
  • All knowledge comes through experience.
  • All experience is experience of ideas.
  • All knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas
  • All of the above.

Frage 3

Frage
Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 4

Frage
Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 5

Frage
According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

Frage
According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 7

Frage
Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 8

Frage
"Esse est percipi " means
Antworten
  • I think therefore I am.
  • To be or not to be.
  • We are born a blank slate.
  • To be is to be perceived.

Frage 9

Frage
According to Berkeley,
Antworten
  • Ideas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.
  • The assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.
  • Only the mental world exists.
  • All of the above.

Frage 10

Frage
According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them
Antworten
  • rationalism and empiricism.
  • impressions and ideas
  • relations of ideas and matters of fact.
  • primary qualities and secondary qualities.

Frage 12

Frage
One difference between impressions and ideas is that
Antworten
  • ideas are copies of impressions.
  • impressions are copies of ideas.
  • There is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.

Frage 13

Frage
According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,
Antworten
  • it has no meaning.
  • it is false.
  • it must be believed by faith.
  • None of the above.

Frage 14

Frage
Which of the following is a relation of ideas?
Antworten
  • Murder causes pain.
  • Barking dogs bark.
  • All emerelds are green.
  • God loves everyone.

Frage 15

Frage
Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?
Antworten
  • All bachelors are unmarried.
  • The earth is flat, not round
  • All triangles have four sides.
  • None of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.

Frage 16

Frage
Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 17

Frage
If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 18

Frage
According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 19

Frage
According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 20

Frage
According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 23

Frage
Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 24

Frage
According to Parfit,
Antworten
  • A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.
  • All of the above

Frage 25

Frage
According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 26

Frage
According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

Frage
According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is
Antworten
  • that it ignores the soul
  • that it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.
  • that Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Frage 28

Frage
When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 30

Frage
According to Hume,
Antworten
  • the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.
  • the self does not exist.
  • The self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.
  • All of the above.

Frage 31

Frage
Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 32

Frage
Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 33

Frage
Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 34

Frage
Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
Theism is the belief that God exists.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 36

Frage
God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 37

Frage
God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 38

Frage
God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 39

Frage
God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 41

Frage
God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

Frage
The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 43

Frage
Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?
Antworten
  • The geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.
  • The moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.
  • Russell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.
  • None of the above.

Frage 44

Frage
Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

Frage
According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?
Antworten
  • He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.
  • He thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.
  • Both of the above.
  • None of the above

Frage 47

Frage
Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 48

Frage
Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?
Antworten
  • A belief in hell
  • a belief that God exists
  • A belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men
  • All of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.

Frage 49

Frage
Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 50

Frage
Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 51

Frage
According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 52

Frage
One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is
Antworten
  • the teleological argument.
  • the first cause argument.
  • the design argument.
  • All of the above.

Frage 53

Frage
According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?
Antworten
  • The universe has a first cause.
  • Whatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.
  • The first cause must have been a person.
  • All of the above.

Frage 54

Frage
According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 55

Frage
Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 56

Frage
What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?
Antworten
  • Craig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.
  • Craig gives historical evidence.
  • Craig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.
  • None of the above.

Frage 57

Frage
According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 58

Frage
According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 59

Frage
Another name for the teleological argument is
Antworten
  • the design argument.
  • the moral argument.
  • the cosmological argument.
  • None of the above.

Frage 60

Frage
In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 61

Frage
The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 62

Frage
Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?
Antworten
  • Omnipotence and omniscience
  • Omnipotence and omnibenevolence
  • Omnibenevolence and personhood
  • None of the above

Frage 63

Frage
There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 64

Frage
There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 65

Frage
If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 66

Frage
According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 67

Frage
An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.
Antworten
  • the cosmological argument.
  • the teleological argument.
  • the problem of evil.
  • the watchmaker argument.

Frage 68

Frage
According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 69

Frage
According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 70

Frage
Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 71

Frage
Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?
Antworten
  • a. utilitarianism
  • b. egoism
  • c. kantianism
  • d. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories

Frage 72

Frage
Which of the following is a descriptive theory?
Antworten
  • ethical egoism
  • deontology
  • utilitarianism
  • psychological egosim

Frage 73

Frage
Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 74

Frage
Mill is a moral rationalist
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 75

Frage
The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 76

Frage
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 77

Frage
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 78

Frage
A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 79

Frage
Kant's primary moral principle is called
Antworten
  • a. The Categorical Imperative
  • b. The Principle of Utility
  • c. The Ontology Maxism
  • d. None of the above

Frage 80

Frage
John Stuart Mill is
Antworten
  • An empirist
  • A hedonist
  • A utilitarian
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Frage 81

Frage
A formal fallacy
Antworten
  • one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Frage 82

Frage
An Informal Fallacy
Antworten
  • s one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Frage 83

Frage
A False Cause fallacy
Antworten
  • is committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated Correlation does not mean causation
  • draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

Frage 84

Frage
Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes. His argument is invalid because he is rich. This is an example of what type of fallacy?
Antworten
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Ad Hominem
  • Appeal to ignorance
  • Straw Man

Frage 85

Frage
Appeal to Pity:
Antworten
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.
  • occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated
  • The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Frage 86

Frage
Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August. Is an example of:
Antworten
  • Straw Man
  • Argumentum to populum
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Begging the question

Frage 87

Frage
Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 88

Frage
Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 89

Frage
Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 90

Frage
An example of Begging the question would be:
Antworten
  • Some triangles are obtuse Whatever is obtuse is ignorant Therefore, some triangles are ignorant
  • "to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."
  • The few, the proud, the marines
  • Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.

Frage 91

Frage
An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 92

Frage
Equivocation:
Antworten
  • presupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.
  • Occurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument
  • The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue
  • occurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses

Frage 93

Frage
The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:
Antworten
  • Equivocation
  • Begging the question
  • Argumentum to populum
  • None of the above
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