Transition Block - Biochemistry

Which ADP analogue is used to differentiate between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus? [blank_start]Desmopressin[blank_end]

Non-osmotic stimuli and osmotic stimuli (hypernatraemia) cause similar increases in ADH

In patients with suppression of the HPA axis by long-term prescription of prednisolone, [blank_start]7.5 mg[blank_end] daily reliably provides adequate steroid replacement, i.e. the patient is getting enough exogenous steroid to cover any insufficiency of endogenous steroid production.

Patients with adrenal insufficiency are less able to retain infused saline (sodium) than normal subjects due to low levels of Aldosterone meaning they simply just pass the infused Sodium in the urine.

Cortisol levels are typically at their daily peak in the [blank_start]morning[blank_end]

A significant increase in which of the following hormones would cause an individual to appear sufficiently more tanned?

[blank_start]Low ACTH levels[blank_end] indicates a secondary adrenal insufficiency (problem with pituitary) [blank_start]High ACTH levels[blank_end] indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency (problem with adrenal gland)

Addison's Disease typically results in [blank_start]increased[blank_end] levels of ACTH

Which 2 of the following are specific cations that are exchanged for sodium as part of the mineralocorticoid activity?

After being taken in rural GP settings, blood samples are sometimes kept in a fridge overnight due to long transit times between themselves and the hospital. During this time, there is leakage of [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] from the ICF into the ECF. Therefore, when the sample is eventually analysed in the hospital they find a raised level of this mineral. This is called [blank_start]Pseudohyperkalaemia[blank_end]

After haemolysis and renal failure, which two of the following are the most common causes of Hyperkalaemia in patients?

On ECG, tented T waves and a shortened QT interval is indicative of [blank_start]hyperkalaemia[blank_end]

Potassium treatment should always be given in DKA even if Potassium levels are normal

What is the key mechanism by which the kidneys regulate blood volume?