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Quiz von MatthewEllis96, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von MatthewEllis96
vor mehr als 9 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
WHICH OF THESE LISTS CONTAINS ONLY MONOSACCHARIDES?
Antworten
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Glucose, galactose, fructose
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Sucrose, lactose, mannose
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Glucose, galactose, lactose
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Glucose, galactose, sucrose
Frage 2
Frage
STARCH IS SYNTHESISED BY:
Antworten
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Plants
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Insects
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Cancer cells
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All of the above
Frage 3
Frage
WHICH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ARE PRESENT IN THE STRAIGHT CHAIN FORM OF FRUCTOSE?
Antworten
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Aldehyde and amine
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Amine and ketone
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Ketone and alcohol
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Amine and alcohol
Frage 4
Frage
FOR EACH MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE, WHAT IS THE NET GAIN OF ATP IN GLYCOLYSIS?
Antworten
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No molecules
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2 molecules
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4 molecules
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8 molecules
Frage 5
Frage
A DISEASE IS CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN THE GENES ENCODING ENZYMES IN THE LELOIR PATHWAY. WHICH SUGAR WILL PATIENTS BE UNABLE TO METABOLISE?
Antworten
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Glucose
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Galactose
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Fructose
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Mannose
Frage 6
Frage
PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS ARE:
Antworten
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Associated with integral membrane proteins
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Covalently linked to lipid molecules
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Always glycosylated
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Inserted into the membrane such that they have residues exposed on both sides
Frage 7
Frage
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A METABOLIC ENZYME IS LIKELY TO BE:
Antworten
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Very different, even in closely related organisms
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Similar in different mammals, but different between mammals and the bacteria living in their guts
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Similar in all animals, but different in plants
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Highly conserved through evolution by natural selection
Frage 8
Frage
THE CALVIN CYCLE (“DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS):
Antworten
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Uses sucrose and NADPH
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Generates sucrose and NADPH
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Uses sucrose and generates NADPH
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Generates sucrose and uses NADPH
Frage 9
Frage
A SATURATED FATTY ACID WITH 18 CARBONS WILL BE OXIDISED BY β-OXIDATION TO GIVE:
Antworten
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18 molecules of CoA
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18 molecules of acetyl-CoA
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9 molecules of CoA
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9 molecules of acetyl-CoA
Frage 10
Frage
WHICH OF THESE FATTY ACIDS IS LIKELY TO HAVE THE LOWEST MELTING TEMPERATURE?
Antworten
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An 18 carbon saturated fatty acid
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An 18 carbon fatty acid with one double bond
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A 16 carbon saturated fatty acid
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A 16 carbon fatty acid with two double bonds
Frage 11
Frage
THE SUGAR RESIDUE IN ATP IS:
Antworten
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Ribose
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Deoxyribose
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Ribulose
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Raffinose
Frage 12
Frage
THE CONVERSION OF GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE TO 1,3-BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE IN GLYCOLYSIS REQUIRES:
Antworten
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ATP and NAD+
-
Inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) and NADH
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Inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) and NAD+
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ATP and NADH
Frage 13
Frage
IN MAMMALIAN CELLS UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, THE CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE TO LACTATE REGENERATES WHICH MOLECULE?
Antworten
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NADH
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NAD+
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FAD
-
ATP
Frage 14
Frage
CONSIDER GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS’ TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE TOGETHER. WHICH IS THE FIRST STEP WHICH RELEASES CARBON DIOXIDE?
Antworten
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Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
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Pyruvate → Acetyl Coenzyme A
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Citrate → Isocitrate
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Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate
Frage 15
Frage
THE DECARBOXYLATION OF ISOCITRATE TO PRODUCE α-KETOGLUTARATE IN THE KREBS’ TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE REQUIRES:
Antworten
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NADP+
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NAD+
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NADPH
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NADH
Frage 16
Frage
THE SEQUENCE OF REACTIONS OXIDATION-HYDRATION-OXIDATION OCCURS IN WHICH TWO METABOLIC PATHWAYS?
Antworten
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Glycolysis and the Krebs’ tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis
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Fatty acid oxidation and the Krebs’ tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Fatty acid oxidation and the Leloir pathway
Frage 17
Frage
THE REACTION: PYRUVATE + CARBON DIOXIDE + ATP → OXALOACETATE + ADP + PI, WHICH IS CATALYSED BY THE ENZYME PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE IS IMPORTANT IN WHICH TWO PROCESSES?
Antworten
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Replenishing the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and gluconeogenesis
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Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
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Gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis
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Replenishing the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and glycolysis
Frage 18
Frage
IN BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS THE PRECURSORS ARE:
Antworten
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Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
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Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
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Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
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Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules
Frage 19
Frage
PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS CYCLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH TYPE OF BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY?
Antworten
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Anabolic
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Catabolic
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Amphibolic
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Hyperbolic
Frage 20
Frage
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF ENDOTHERMS?
Antworten
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They generate most of their heat through internal processes
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They get most of their heat from the environment
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They generate most of their heat from external processes
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They cannot regulate their body temperature
Frage 21
Frage
PARATHYROID HORMONE HELPS REGULATE:
Antworten
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Body fluids
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Blood calcium
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Body temperature
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Breathing
Frage 22
Frage
A COMMON MECHANISM FOR INHIBITING METABOLIC PATHWAYS IS:
Antworten
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A build up of substrates
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A build up of end-products
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Over-activation of enzymes
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Synthesis of new enzymes
Frage 23
Frage
FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE:
Antworten
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Activates fructose bisphosphatase-1
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Activates phosphofructokinase-1
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Inhibits phosphofructokinase-2
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Activates phosphofructokinase-2
Frage 24
Frage
ANAEROBIC MUSCLE CELLS PRODUCE LACTIC ACID TO RECYCLE:
Antworten
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NADH to NAD+ via the action of lactate dehydrogenase
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NADH to NAD+ via the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
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NAD+ to NADH via the action of lactate dehydrogenase
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NAD+ to NADH via the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
Frage 25
Frage
OXYGENATION OF ANAEROBIC YEAST CULTURE INDUCES THE "PASTEUR EFFECT", WHICH IS CAUSED BY:
Antworten
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Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased AMP levels
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Allosteric inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase by increased ATP levels
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Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased ATP levels
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Allosteric stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased AMP levels
Frage 26
Frage
CYCLIC AMP IS:
Antworten
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An activator of pyruvate kinase
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An activator of protein kinase A
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The product of adenylate kinase
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An activator of phosphofructokinase-1
Frage 27
Frage
CANCER CELLS PRODUCE LARGE AMOUNTS OF LACTATE EVEN IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN BECAUSE THEY:
Antworten
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Lack mitochondria
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Lack the gene for citrate synthase
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Possess an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle
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Have a defective glycerol phosphate shuttle
Frage 28
Frage
WHEN CONSIDERING ENZYME CATALYTIC MECHANISMS, ACID-BASE CATALYSIS IS USUALLY DEPENDANT UPON:
Antworten
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Hydrogen bonding with at least one amino acid side chain at the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state.
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Hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amide groups of peptide bonds to facilitate formation of the transition state.
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Hydrogen bonding between a water molecule and the substrate to facilitate formation of the transition state.
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Hydrogen bonding with an oxidised metal ion prosthetic group in the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state.
Frage 29
Frage
MULTIPLICATION OF UBIQUITIN TAGGING:
Antworten
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Inhibits proteosome-mediated protein degradation
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Is essential for proteosome-mediated protein degradation
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Enhances proteosome-mediated protein degradation
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Has nothing to do with proteosome-mediated protein degradation
Frage 30
Frage
ENZYMES REDUCE THE:
Antworten
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Entropy associated with chemical reactions
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Enthalpy associated with chemical reactions
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Gibb’s free energy associated with chemical reactions
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Activation energy associated with chemical reactions
Frage 31
Frage
THE TRANSITION STATE IN AN ENZYME-CATALYSED REACTION:
Antworten
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Is always covalently associated with the enzyme.
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Is never covalently associated with the enzyme.
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Can never be observed experimentally.
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Can often be similar in structure to potent enzyme inhibitors.
Frage 32
Frage
THE ALANINE CYCLE:
Antworten
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Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix.
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Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the liver to the muscles where it can be used in anabolic processes - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
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Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the muscles to the liver where it can be effectively removed from the body - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
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Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
Frage 33
Frage
KOSHLAND’S INDUCED FIT MODEL FOR ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX FORMATION MAY EXPLAIN WHY:
Antworten
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Enzymes have particular substrate specificity.
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Enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
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Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
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Enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat
Frage 34
Frage
IN ENZYME CATALYSIS THE TERM “APPROXIMATION” REFERS TO:
Antworten
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A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
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A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
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A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site
Frage 35
Frage
AN OXYANION HOLE IS:
Antworten
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A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.
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A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.
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A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.
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A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.
Frage 36
Frage
IF THE ΔG°' OF THE REACTION A → B is –20 kJ/mol, WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN THE PRESENCE OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS?
Antworten
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The reaction will stop
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The reaction will proceed spontaneously from B to A
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The reaction will proceed spontaneously from A to B
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The reaction will not occur spontaneously
Frage 37
Frage
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXERGONIC PROCESS?
Antworten
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Biosynthesis of DNA
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Glycolysis
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Transport of protons by respiratory chain
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Brain activity due to the thinking about this question
Frage 38
Frage
FOR THE FOLLOWING REACTION:
L-Malate + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ΔG°' = +29.7 kJ/mol.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS CORRECT?
Antworten
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This reaction can only occur in a cell in which NADH is converted to NAD+ by the respiratory chain
-
This reaction can only occur in a cell if it is coupled to another reaction for which ΔG°' is large and negative
-
This reaction may occur in cells at some concentrations of substrate and product
-
This reaction is energy-releasing
Frage 39
Frage
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT MIDPOINT REDOX POTENTIALS IS INCORRECT?
Antworten
-
Redox potentials can be used to calculate free energy changes
-
Redox potential is measured in volts
-
Oxygen reduction has the highest potential
-
The strongest oxidants have the most negative potential
Frage 40
Frage
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REDOX COUPLE HAVE THE HIGHEST MIDPOINT REDOX POTENTIAL?
Antworten
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Plastoquinol/plastoquinone
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NADH/NAD+
-
H2O/½O2
-
Ferrocytochrome c/ferricytochrome c
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