Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Frage 1
Frage
Why is it more difficult to breathe at higher elevations?
Antworten
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The partial pressure of oxygen is higher at higher elevations; therefore the partial pressure gradient is higher and oxygen moves more quickly into the body.
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The partial pressure of oxygen is lower at higher elevations; therefore less oxygen moves into the body down its partial pressure gradient.
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The lower partial pressure of oxygen makes it more difficult for alveoli to inflate, making it harder for the body to receive oxygen from air inhaled.
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The partial pressure of oxygen is lower at higher elevations, meaning there is less oxygen physically available to consume.
Frage 2
Frage
Bergmann's rule states that at _______________ elevations, body shapes tend to be _________________.
Antworten
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higher, larger
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higher, smaller
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lower, larger
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lower, smaller
Frage 3
Frage
what the fuck is a surfactant? what does this have to do with the mammalian respiratory system?
Antworten
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a surfactant is a fluid that lowers the surface tension that is found in the alveoli. this helps mammalian respiratory system by decreasing the amount of pressure needed to inflate alveoli after deflation.
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a surfactant is a fluid that is found inside the lining of the lungs. This helps the respiratory system by increasing the amount of oxygen that is pushed into the alveoli.
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a surfactant is a a thin layer of molecules that sits inside the alveoli. This helps the respiratory system by decreasing the amount of pressure needed to deflate the alveoli after inflation.
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a surfactant is a fluid that binds to incoming oxygen inside the alveoli. this helps the respiratory system by working along a partial pressure gradient and increasing the pressure to help inflate the alveoli.
Frage 4
Frage
in which body of water would you expect to have the highest level of oxygenation?
Antworten
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a lake that is at an elevation 3,000 feet above sea level.
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a large, shallow pond that is stagnant.
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a shallow, small river that has a rapid current with lots of rocks.
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a large river that is deep that empties out into the ocean.
Frage 5
Frage
fish are known to use up to 20% of the energy in order to breathe in their aquatic environment. Which fish would have the greatest difficulty in breathing due to environmental constraints?
Antworten
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a smaller fish that lives in a shallow, freshwater pond.
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a saltwater fish that lives in a tropical ocean reef.
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a freshwater fish that lives in a very warm river.
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a larger fish that lives in a cool lake with many mineral deposits.
Frage 6
Frage
What would you expect natural selection to act upon in Fick's law?
Antworten
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A. the difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of diffusion barrier
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B. the amount of surface area available for gas exchange
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C. the thickness of the diffusion barrier
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both A and B
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both B and C
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D. the solubility of gas medium
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all of the above
Frage 7
Frage
an amphibian uses a _____________ to create ______________ pressure to inflate lungs. A human uses _____________ to create _______________ pressure in order to breathe.
Antworten
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oral opening, positive, alveoli, negative
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oral opening, negative, alveoli, positive
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buccal pump, negative, diaphragm, positive
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buccal pump, positive, diaphragm, negative
Frage 8
Frage
If an underweight, full term, freshly minted baby has a hard time making its first breath, what might you assume to be true of its respiratory system?
Antworten
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lungs are underdeveloped in baby and the bronchioles are too small in order to allow the necessary ratio of air into the lungs in order to breathe properly.
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surfactant development was somehow stunted during pregnancy and the pressure needed to inflate the alveoli is much higher than baby can deal with.
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baby doesn't have enough body weight to properly expel the first breath of oxygen to fight the partial pressure gradient of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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baby is underweight and probably had poor nutrition during its pregnancy, which would affect its ability to breathe properly.
Frage 9
Frage
why is a bird lung so damn efficient?
Antworten
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A. one way air flow allows more air to come into the lung and allows the bird to extract more oxygen
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B. less dead space between the anterior air sacs and the mouth allow birds to use air obtained much more efficiently
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C. gas exchange occurs during inhalation and exhalation.
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D. air flowing through four different chambers allows the bird to maximize exhalation of carbon dioxide, allowing more oxygen to move into the lungs.
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both A and C
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both B and C
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all of the above