Physiology Cycle 1 - BLOOD

Question

Which of following statements properly describes beta-adrenergic (β-adrenergic) receptors?

Answer 1

β-adrenergic receptor is a ligand-gated channels.

Answer 2

Activity of some adrenergic receptors brings fEPSP to the postsynaptic membranes.

Answer 3

Beta-adrenergic receptors initiate transduction resulting with activation of adenylate cyclase.

Answer 4

Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors up-regulates synthesis of cAMP.

Answer 5

They are present in almost all cells, except for erythrocytes.

Answer 6

They are present only on antigen presenting cell.

Answer 7

Their role is to present proteins and activate helper T-lymphocytes

Answer 8

It plays role in defense against intracellular pathogens.

Answer 9

Sodium-calcium-potassium-magnesium

Answer 10

Magnesium-sodium - calcium

Answer 11

Potassium-sodium-calcium-magnesium

Answer 12

Sodium-potassium-calcium-magnesium

Answer 13

D antigen the oligosaccharide bound to the cellular membrane.

Answer 14

D antigen is the most immunogenic (the strongest) component of the system.

Answer 15

All antigens of the Rhesus system are proteins located only on membranes of erythrocytes.

Answer 16

Agglutinins are synthesized in RhD-negative individuals after exposure to RhD-postive blood.

Answer 17

Rise of liberation of histamine from mast cel

Answer 18

Rise of gluconeogenesis.

Answer 19

Rise of plasma concentration free fatty acids.

Answer 20

Intensification of catecholamine-dependant bronchodilation.

Answer 21

It activates fibrinolysis.

Answer 22

TxA2 activates platelets – it intensifies their degranulation (release of the content of granules).

Answer 23

It mediates vascular contraction.

Answer 24

It prevents aggregation of platelets.

Answer 25

In facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through the cellular membrane against concentration gradient.

Answer 26

Particular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water

Answer 27

Facilitated diffusion characterizes with finite rate of transfer of substance defined as maximum saturation.

Answer 28

Water molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2

Answer 29

Prolonged time of the clotting time test.

Answer 30

Prolonged prothrombin time.

Answer 31

Prolonged time of bleeding time test.

Answer 32

Prolonged time of Rumpel-Leede test.

Answer 33

Na/K ATP-ase exchanges 2 sodium ions for 1 potassium ion. Each such exchange requires two ATP molecules.

Answer 34

Co-transportation of glucose and sodium ions requires previous action of Na/K ATP-ase. Such the mechanism is an example of secondary active transport.

Answer 35

Calcium ions are actively pumped into cellular cytosol by the calcium ATP-ase. This mechanism maintains higher concentration of calcium in cellular cytosol than in ECF.

Answer 36

Active transport mechanisms are able to move substances against concentration gradient.

Answer 37

5-7 % of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood.

Answer 38

50 % of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate. Process is catalyzed angiotensin converting enzyme.

Answer 39

All the bicarbonate produced in erythrocytes and exchanged for chloride. It’s called Hamburger’s phenomenon.

Answer 40

Part of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 41

Immunoglobulins against antigen D of Rhesus system develop in childhood.

Answer 42

Immediately after birth, the quantity of agglutinins in the plasma of the newborn is almost zero.

Answer 43

Immunoglobulins against antigens ABO blood type system are produced by the fetus before their birth.

Answer 44

Agglutinins in ABO system are produced in effect of immunization against antigens A and B commonly present in environment.

Answer 45

IP3 receptor.

Answer 46

Ryanodine receptor.

Answer 47

Glycine receptors.

Answer 48

GABAA receptors.

Answer 49

Nicotinic receptors.

Answer 50

Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of β-subunit of the receptor. β-subunit phosphorylates other proteins.

Answer 51

Subunits of G protein interact with their appropriate enzymes, activating various second messenger pathways and other effector proteins.

Answer 52

Receptor interacts with G protein to promote a conformational change and the exchange of GDP for GTP.

Answer 53

Binding of the ligand to its native receptor, receptor activates.

Answer 54

Administration of aspirin slows the process of agglutination

Answer 55

Agglutination is in vitro phenomenon resulting from an interaction between the agglutinogen and agglutinin

Answer 56

Gamma globulins of IgM class easily agglutinate erythrocytes in room temperature.

Answer 57

Agglutination is slowed by albumin molecules

Answer 58

It inhibits activity of plasma coagulation factors I and IV.

Answer 59

It activates natural anticoagulant protein of plasma – antithrombin III.

Answer 60

It inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factors X and II).

Answer 61

It intensifies adhesion and degranulation of platelets.

Answer 62

It intensifies proteolytic degradation of plasminogen.

Answer 63

They migrate in large number into tissues infected by parasites where they release hydrolytic enzymes.

Answer 64

They release heparin, histamine as well as small quantities of bradykinin and serotonin.

Answer 65

They belong to the adaptive immune system. They are not able to phagocyte.

Answer 66

They aggregate in tissues where allergic reactions occur (peribronchial tissue in people with asthma).

Answer 67

They exhibit chemotaxis.

Answer 68

Decline of the concentration 2,3 BPG.

Answer 69

Rise of pCO¬2

Answer 70

High body temperature

Answer 71

Rise of pH.

Answer 72

It is a part of innate immune response.

Answer 73

It activates complement cascade.

Answer 74

It is an enzyme that performs bacterial lysis.

Answer 75

It is present in plasmocytes.

Answer 76

It produces contraction of cells of the deferent duct.

Answer 77

It up-regulates synthesis IP3 in smooth muscle cells of the uterus.

Answer 78

It is responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells.

Answer 79

It has galactopoetic activity – it stimulates production of milk

Answer 80

Thrombin dependant. factor are factors l, ll, X & Xll

Answer 81

Thrombin is a proteolytic enzyme catalyzing conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin.

Answer 82

Vitamin K is necessary in process of post-translatory modification of prothrombin in liver

Answer 83

Exposition of thrombin to fibrin degradation products accelerate coagulation. 

Answer 84

Decline of the temperature.

Answer 85

Rise of 2,3 BPG.

Answer 86

Impulses from carotid bodies.

Answer 87

Rise of pH.

Answer 88

Hypercapnia (rise of pCO2). 

Answer 89

It inhibits activity of plasma coagulation factors I and IV.

Answer 90

It activates natural anticoagulant protein of plasma antithrombin III.

Answer 91

It inhibits activity of activated Stuart factor and thrombin (factors X and II)

Answer 92

It intensifies adhesion and degranulation of platelets.

Answer 93

It increase water reabsorption from the collecting duct via AQP2 up-regulated after hormone -binds to VP1 receptor.

Answer 94

In smooth musculature of vessels, it up-regulates synthesis of IP3 in smooth muscle cells, eliciting contraction.

Answer 95

Its plasma level rises in effect of decreasing osmotic pressure of blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 96

Decompression of baroreceptors of the carotid sinus and aortic arch increases liberation of that hormone.

Answer 97

Activates Thirst complex

Answer 98

In facilitated diffusion, membrane carriers enable movement of molecules through the cellular membrane against concentration gradient.

Answer 99

Particular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water.

Answer 100

Water molecules pass from the cell of the collecting duct to its lumen through the system of facilitated diffusion called AQP2.

Answer 101

Facilitated diffusion characterizes with finite rate of transfer of substance defined as maximum saturation.

Answer 102

It is a part of innate immune response.

Answer 103

It activates complement cascade.

Answer 104

It is an enzyme of saliva binding iron necessary for proliferation of microbs.

Answer 105

It is an enzyme of saliva reducing Fe2+ to Fe3+. 

Answer 106

IP3 receptor.

Answer 107

Nicotinic receptors.

Answer 108

Ryanodine receptor.

Answer 109

Glycine receptors.

Answer 110

It up-regulates liberation of histamine from mast cells.

Answer 111

It intensifies gluconeogenesis in liver.

Answer 112

It down-regulates number of lymphocytes and eosinophils.

Answer 113

It intensifies catecholamine-dependent broncho-constriction.

Answer 114

It increases GFR. 

Answer 115

Action of glucocorticoids (cortisol) are rise of plasma conc. of free fatty acids

Answer 116

Sodium-potassium-calcium- magnesium

Answer 117

Magnesium-calcium-potassium-sodium

Answer 118

Potassium-sodium-calcium- magnesium

Answer 119

Sodium- calcium - potassium - magnesium

Answer 120

Ratio of agglutinins of ABO in plasma of blood rises throughout childhood.

Answer 121

Agglutinins in ABO system are produced in effect of immunization against antigens A and B, being simple and common antigens. 

Answer 122

Immunoglobulins against antigens ABO blood type system are produced by the fetus before their birth.

Answer 123

Immunoglobulins against antigen D of Rhesus system develop in childhood.

Answer 124

Agglutinins are present in adult blood plasma

Answer 125

G-protein coupled receptors hydrolyses GTP, transferred from G-protein to the binding site of the receptor.

Answer 126

Muscarinic receptor is an example of G-protein coupled receptor.

Answer 127

All adrenergic receptors belong to family of G-protein coupled receptors.

Answer 128

G-protein coupled receptors are metabotropic, they initiate formation of second messengers: cAMP or IP3. 

Answer 129

Administration of heparin slows the process of agglutination.

Answer 130

Agglutination is in vitro phenomenon, in vivo process continues, engaging mechanism of destruction of erythrocytes

Answer 131

Administration of isotonic solution of NaCl can facilitate IgG-dependent agglutination of erythrocytes

Answer 132

Gamma globulins of IgG class easily agglutinate erythrocytes in room temperature. 

Answer 133

Prolonged time in the clotting time test.

Answer 134

Prolonged prothrombin time.

Answer 135

Prolonged time of bleeding time test.

Answer 136

Prolonged time of Rumpel-Leede test.

Answer 137

Prolongerd APTT

Answer 138

It activates fibrinolysis.

Answer 139

TxA2 activates platelets & it intensifies their degranulation (release of the content of granules).

Answer 140

It prevents aggregation of platelets.

Answer 141

It mediates vascular contraction.

Answer 142

Na/K ATP-ase exchanges 2 sodium ions for 1 potassium ion. Each such exchange requires two ATP molecules.

Answer 143

Co-transportation of glucose and sodium ions requires previous action of Na/K ATP-ase. Such the mechanism is an example of secondary active transport.

Answer 144

Calcium ions are actively pumped into cellular cytosol by the calcium ATP-ase. This mechanism maintains higher concentration of calcium in cellular cytosol than in ECF.

Answer 145

Active transport mechanisms are able to move substances against concentration gradient.

Answer 146

GABAb receptor is an example of metabotropic receptor

Answer 147

Tyrosine kinase receptors are metabotropic receptor able to autophosphorylates after binding their ligands

Answer 148

Some adrenergic receptors are tyrosine kinase receptors

Answer 149

Muscarinic receptors are coupled to phospholipase C & adenylyl cyclase

Answer 150

Binding of insulin to G protein of the insulin receptor initiates process of activation of adenylyl cyclase

Answer 151

Extracellular ligands bind to G-protein coupled receptors which in turn activate particular G protein

Answer 152

Inhibitory G protein (Gi protein) is coupled to carbonic anhydrase of some cells

Answer 153

The G-protein activates a cascade of signaling events that finally results in a change in cell function

Answer 154

Ryanodine receptor

Answer 155

Rhodopsin receptor

Answer 156

PTH receptor

Answer 157

Nicotine receptor

Answer 158

IP3 receptor

Answer 159

Dopamine decreases liberation of from APG in mechanism of negative feedback

Answer 160

Liberation of corticoliberin (CRH) from APG is stimulated by corticotropin (ACTH)

Answer 161

TSH is liberated from APG. TSH binds its metatropic receptor of the membrane of the thyroid cell

Answer 162

GnRH (gonadoliberin) from hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary cells to secrete FSH and LH

Answer 163

Prolactin is produced by supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus and liberated by the anterior pituitary

Answer 164

it mediates vasoconstriction

Answer 165

It stimulates secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex

Answer 166

It decreases reabsorption of sodium ions in kidneys

Answer 167

It increases heart rate

Answer 168

It is a product of partial proteolysis of plasma protein angiotensinogen, process initiated by renin.

Answer 169

It binds to the ligand-gated sodium channel of smooth muscle cells of the uterus

Answer 170

It is responsible for milk ejection due to contraction of myoepithelial cells

Answer 171

It has galactopoietic activity -it stimulates production of milk

Answer 172

It produses contraction of the cells in the deferent duct

Answer 173

It up-regulates synth of IP3 in SMC of the uterus

Answer 174

It produces contraction of the uterus

Answer 175

Reduced volume of ECF and hypoperfusion of the kidney

Answer 176

Increased arterial pressure

Answer 177

Decreased load of distal tubular fluid (NaCl) in area of the macula densa (of the distal tubule

Answer 178

Increased volume of ECF (hypervolemina)

Answer 179

Extracellular ligand such as glycine

Answer 180

Change of the electrical potential of the cellular membrane

Answer 181

Mechanical deformation of the cell (ex. Organ of corti)

Answer 182

Second messenger such as IP3

Answer 183

PTH increases conc. of Ca2+ in plasma blood.

Answer 184

PTH up-regulates mobilisation of Ca2+ ions from bones.

Answer 185

PTH increases activity of la-hydroxylase of 25OH D3 in kidneys

Answer 186

Thyroid hormones decrease plasma concentration of calcium

Answer 187

Growth hormone exerts hypercalcemic effect

Answer 188

PTH decreases activity of 1alpha-hydroxylase of vitamin 25-OHD3 in kidney

Answer 189

Calcitonin & glucocorticoids decrease plasma level of Ca2+

Answer 190

Tetany is a symptom of hypercalcemia

Answer 191

Is a symptom of neuromuscular hyperexcitability

Answer 192

Can be produced by respiratory alkalosis (by hyperventilation)

Answer 193

Is caused by Low phosphate levels

Answer 194

Tetany can be prod by low plasma levels of Mg2+

Answer 195

5% solution of glucose

Answer 196

0.3 % NaCl

Answer 197

Distilled water

Answer 198

0,6% saline

Answer 199

Benzene, ether & other organic solvents hemolyse RBC’s

Answer 200

Temp. above 60C

Answer 201

Rise of pH

Answer 202

Rise in body temp

Answer 203

Rise in pCO2

Answer 204

EPO is produced by interstitial cells in peritubular capillary bed of kidneys

Answer 205

Adenosine and androgens inhibit secretion of EPO

Answer 206

Hypoxia (low partial pressure of O2) in kidney is the main stimulus for EPO release

Answer 207

EPO increases the number of erythropoietin sensitive committed stem cells in the bone marrow that are converted by red blood cell precursors

Answer 208

Is a cholesterol

Answer 209

Is a glycoprotein

Answer 210

Synthesised in the liver

Answer 211

Synthesised in the kidneys

Answer 212

10% of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate. Conversion is spontaneous and performed in plasma of blood

Answer 213

5-7% of all the CO2 is transported physically dissolved in blood

Answer 214

Part of CO2 is reversibly bound to hemoglobin, forming carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 215

carbaminohemoglobin is an example of reduced hemoglobin of red-brown colour

Answer 216

CO2 can be found as carbaminians & carbanomoHb in the blood

Answer 217

Most of CO2 is converted to HCO3- by carbonic anhydrase of RBC

Answer 218

They migrate in large number into tissues infected by parasites where they release hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 219

They aggregate in tissues when allergic reactions occur, (peribronchial tissue in people with asthma)

Answer 220

They release heparin, histamine as well as small quantities of bradykinin and serotonin

Answer 221

They exhibit chemotaxis

Answer 222

Administration of heparin slows the process agglutination

Answer 223

Agglutination is in vitro phenomenon resulting from an interaction between the agglutinogen and agglutinin

Answer 224

Agglutination results from an interaction between the platelet’s GP IIb/IIIa and vascular collagen

Answer 225

Gamma globulins of IgM class are able to produce immediate agglutination in room temperature

Answer 226

Blood type AB individuals have enzyme transferase that catalyses placement of N-acetylgalactosamine onto H-Ag.

Answer 227

Blood type AB individuals have enzyme transferase that catalyses placement of D-galactose onto H-Ag.

Answer 228

AB is the most common blood type

Answer 229

Blood type AB individuals have enzyme transferase that catalyses placement of fucose forming H-Ag.

Answer 230

AB has no antigens

Answer 231

Agglutination of Anti-D Antibody gives Rhesus -

Answer 232

Agglutination by anti-A Antibody, but not Anti-B Antibody gives the blood type A

Answer 233

No agglutination of Anti-D ab, gives Rhesus -

Answer 234

Agglutinins of A-B-O are produced in adulthood

Answer 235

All Ag of the rhesus system are proteins located on membranes of RBC’s.

Answer 236

Agglutination of both Anti-B & Anti-A ab, give blood type AB

Answer 237

No Agglutination of either Anti-A or Anti-B Ab give blood type O

Answer 238

There are 4 blood types

Answer 239

Ag are proteins located only on membranes of RBC

Answer 240

5% solution of glucose is isotonic will hemolyse RBC

Answer 241

IgG against D-Ag administered to RhD-neg mother after delivery of RhD-pos child, will not hemolyse maternal RBC’s

Answer 242

Hemolysis by hypotonic saline solutions start at 0,45%

Answer 243

Hypertonic solutions hemolyse RBC's

Answer 244

solution stains RBC

Answer 245

solution shrinks RBC

Answer 246

used in hemocytermeter dilutes blood

Answer 247

hemolyse RBC's

Answer 248

stains organelles of WBC

Answer 249

solution stains RBC

Answer 250

solution shrinks RBC

Answer 251

solution dilute blood

Answer 252

stains organelles of WBC

Answer 253

Hemolyse RBC's

Answer 254

Presenting on the water soluble antigen

Answer 255

Complement have chemotaxis of macrophages & neutrophils

Answer 256

Complements promotes agglutination of invading microbes

Answer 257

Complement have opsonising abilities

Answer 258

degranulation of the eosinophils and monocytes

Answer 259

Particular membrane carrier is able to transfer one particular type of molecules soluble in water.

Answer 260

Facilitated diffusion characterises with infinite rate of transfer of substance defined as maximum saturation.

Answer 261

Simple diffusion - its rate is directly proportionate to the surface area & directly proportionate to the molecular size & thickness of the membrane

Answer 262

Secondary active transport uses potential energy in conc. gradient of some ions created by energy liberated from ATP, such as Na+

Answer 263

Simple diffusion depends on molecules ability to dissolve in lipids

Answer 264

Secondary active transport can transfer co-transported molecules even against conc. gradient.

Answer 265

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP) derived from RBC membrane is a chemoattractant for HSC from bone marrow.

Answer 266

High % of RDW indicates anisocytosis of RBC

Answer 267

D-Ag is the most Ag (strongest) component of the Rh system

Answer 268

ESR decreases with conc of plasma globulins

Answer 269

ICF is 20% of TBW

Answer 270

TBW is 60% of body mass

Answer 271

ICF main cation is K+

Answer 272

ECF main cation is Mg2+

Answer 273

maintenance of proper function of neurons & myocytes

Answer 274

maintenance of function of cell-memb. (Transport)

Answer 275

Increase blood volume

Answer 276

Factor 4 in blood coagulation

Answer 277

B-cells mediate humeral immunity

Answer 278

B-cells mediate cellular immunity

Answer 279

B-cells work in effect of antigenic stimulation, they form plasma cells which secrete immunoglobulins

Answer 280

B-cells have MHC-2 present on their membranes

Answer 281

IgG is a memory immunoglobulin

Answer 282

IgG binds C1 complex of complement to Ag-IgG complex, initiating classical pathway

Answer 283

IgG has only 2 Ag-binding sites

Answer 284

IgG can be found in tears & saliva

Answer 285

1, 3, 2, 4,

Answer 286

2, 4, 3, 1

Answer 287

1, 4, 3, 2

Answer 288

3, 4, 2, 1

Answer 289

Part of CO2 is reversibly bound to Hb, forming carbamino-Hb

Answer 290

Ag’s are found in various tissues in addition to blood

Answer 291

Blood type A has a N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase catalysing its attachment to H-Ag

Answer 292

RBC have MHC-1

Answer 293

Its duration is inversely proportional to the number of platelets

Answer 294

it does not depend on concentration and activity of plasma factors of secondary hemostasis

Answer 295

it is prolonged in people treated with heparin

Answer 296

it tests processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 297

All muscarinic receptors are serpentine G-coupled receptors.

Answer 298

Some of them are ligand-gated ionic channels.

Answer 299

Muscarinic receptors modify activity of adenylyl cyclase of phospholipase C.

Answer 300

Acetylcholine is an antagonist of all muscarinic receptors.

Answer 301

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Answer 302

2, 3, 5, 4, 1

Answer 303

1, 2, 5, 3, 4

Answer 304

4, 5, 1, 3, 2

Answer 305

Glycine receptor is an example of chemically-gated channel for Cl- ion

Answer 306

Smooth muscle cells can contract being mechanically stretched. Mediated by stretch-gated channels.

Answer 307

Action potential of excitable cells is usually provoked by outflow of anions through ligand-gated channels

Answer 308

Action potential of excitable cells in usually evoked by entrance of cations through electrically gated channels. (Na+ & K+)

Answer 309

Specific Heat of water is low. Because of this reason water is excellent heat conductor

Answer 310

Water is an excellent solvent because of its polar molecule

Answer 311

Water easily passes across cellular membrane via non-gated channels for cations

Answer 312

Adipose tissue is least hydrated tissue

Answer 313

it is a ratio of volume of all erythrocyte to volume of whole blood

Answer 314

It is proportionate to packed cell volume (PCV, Hematocrit)

Answer 315

Proportionate to plasma concentration of globulin

Answer 316

It should not exceed 15mm/h in healthy adults. Is higher in infectious diseases & cancers

Answer 317

It can easily produce agglutination of erythrocytes in room temperature

Answer 318

It can cross blood placenta barrier

Answer 319

Has 10 binding-sites

Answer 320

it’s a secretory immunoglobulin

Answer 321

All muscarinic receptors are g-protein coupled receptors.

Answer 322

Some of them are ionotropic receptors of postsynaptic membrane of autonomic ganglia (+ CSN)

Answer 323

Activation of muscarinic receptors increases activity of adenylyl cyclase

Answer 324

Some of cholinergic receptors are tyrosine kinase

Answer 325

Only 2 types; N-cholinergic & Muscarinic

Answer 326

PTH receptor

Answer 327

IP3 receptor

Answer 328

IGF receptor

Answer 329

Adrenergic receptor (Epinephrine)

Answer 330

it is a ligand-gated sodium channel

Answer 331

Activity of this receptor brings IPSP to postsynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction

Answer 332

channel for small cations and anions. blocked by nicotine

Answer 333

2 molecules of a natural agonist are bound to alpha-subunits of receptor

Answer 334

Volume of plasma is improper and equals 10 liters, possible reason is overhydration or hypervolemia

Answer 335

Volume of plasma is proper and equals 3.2-3,5 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained

Answer 336

Volume of extracellular fluid is proper and equals 10 liters. Water homeostasis is maintained

Answer 337

Volume of extracellular is improper and equals 10 liters. The possible reason is dehydration

Answer 338

carboxyhemoglobin is a reduced form

Answer 339

Methb is an oxidised form

Answer 340

Blood carries 97% O2

Answer 341

Blood carries 97% CO2

Answer 342

depends on factor 11-12a, Kallikrein

Answer 343

depends on release of HMWK

Answer 344

depends on factor 3-12

Answer 345

depends on vascular wall

Answer 346

needs calcium ions

Answer 347

hyperglycemia

Answer 348

hypoglycemia

Answer 349

stress and sleep (REM)

Answer 350

physical exercise

Answer 351

They have gene/genes coding for the sequence amino acids of fucosyl-transferase

Answer 352

have no antigens on membranes of erythrocytes

Answer 353

Both anti-A and anti-B immunoglobulins are synthesized after exposition to those antigens

Answer 354

Both anti-A and anti-B hemagglutinins are present in their plasma since their birth

Answer 355

Hypobilirubinemia

Answer 356

Cooling (decreasing of temp) of in vitro preparation

Answer 357

Administration of Ig against human IgG (Coombs test)

Answer 358

Enzymatic modification of molecules of IgG immunoglobulins

Answer 359

Activation of complement system performed by complexes antigen immunoglobulins IgM/IgG

Answer 360

Macrophages

Answer 361

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Answer 362

Hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 363

Erythrocytes

Answer 364

MCV is an erythrocyte index expressing average volume of erythrocytes

Answer 365

RDW (RBC distribution width) is quantitative measure of MCV

Answer 366

Conc. of hemoglobin in blood of healthy adult women ranges 12-16 g/dL

Answer 367

Standard erythrocyte due to its size + shape is not able to pass via capillaries which diameter is lower than 10 micrometer

Answer 368

Prolonged in case of low plasma concentration of fibrinogen (Factor 1

Answer 369

Depends on processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 370

Depends on platelets count

Answer 371

Depends on state of vascular wall

Answer 372

They can be activated by heparin. substrates for thrombin

Answer 373

Post-translatory modification of molecules of prothrombin factor 2 & 10 in liver, depends on Vit K

Answer 374

Factor 2, 7, 9, 10, Protein C & S are Vit. K dep.

Answer 375

Activity is inhibited by inhibitors of cyclooxygenase

Answer 376

They are proteolytic enzymes (serine-proteases)

Answer 377

Inhibited by coumarin-derivatives such as dikumarol + warfarin

Answer 378

begins with liberation of tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor (3))

Answer 379

begins with exposure of collagen

Answer 380

Requires calcium ions & PL

Answer 381

Requires factor 12 for full activation of hemostatic process

Answer 382

muscarinic receptor

Answer 383

nicotinic receptor

Answer 384

glycine receptor

Answer 385

GABAa receptor

Answer 386

Voltage gated Cl- channel

Answer 387

Ligand gated Cl- channel

Answer 388

Activation leads to IPSP

Answer 389

Activation leads to EPSP

Answer 390

Factor 5, 8, 13

Answer 391

Fibrinogen (factor 1)

Answer 392

high molecular weight kininogen (HmWK) -

Answer 393

is prolonged in treatment with antivitamin K (+ diseases of liver)

Answer 394

depends on processes of extrinsic pathway

Answer 395

depends on processes of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

Answer 396

depends on platelets count (number of platelets)

Answer 397

N-Cholinergic receptor

Answer 398

B-Adrenergic receptor

Answer 399

Acetylcholine receptor

Answer 400

Folds of cardiac membrane

Answer 401

Depend on equilibrium between plasma coagulation proteins & blood vessel

Answer 402

Tested by clotting time and APTT

Answer 403

Tested by bleeding time

Answer 404

Prolonged in individuals treated with inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (aspirin)

Answer 405

Plasma coagulation factors II, VII, IX, X, C-protein, S protein

Answer 406

Pasma coagulation factors I, V, VIII, XIII

Answer 407

HMWK, prekallikrein

Answer 408

Plasma coagulation factors XI, XII

Answer 409

Activation of plasma coagulation factors X, II and I.

Answer 410

Contraction of the damaged vessel

Answer 411

Adhesion, activation, aggregation, granulation of platelets

Answer 412

Agglutination and coagulation of platelets

Answer 413

After natural invasion of a pathogen and development of the response

Answer 414

Vaccination with separated antigens of microbes

Answer 415

Parenteral administration of ready-made immunoglobulins

Answer 416

Passage of maternal immunoglobulins via placenta, with milk or colostrum

Answer 417

Prolonged in people treated with heparin

Answer 418

Tests Intrinsic pathway & common pathway

Answer 419

Depends on the vascular wall

Answer 420

Depends on nr. of platelets

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Physiology Cycle 1 - BLOOD

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