Kopieren und bearbeiten

PHAR 340 Final Exam Prep

Beschreibung

Pharmacy & Healthcare Systems Final Exam Prep
mlvanderhoef
Quiz von mlvanderhoef, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
mlvanderhoef
Erstellt von mlvanderhoef vor mehr als 8 Jahre
75
1
0

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The primary role of the pharmacist is largely focused around:
Antworten
  • medication consumption (e.g. to screen for contradictions and drug-drug interactions)
  • to serve as the physician's resource for information about medical therapies
  • to provide patient education about medications
  • A only
  • A, B and C

Frage 2

Frage
The closing of medical schools following the Flexner Report led to decreased minority and female students.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 3

Frage
Primary prevention initiatives in public health typically
Antworten
  • cost more than secondary efforts
  • focuses on education and/or health policy
  • reverses genetic disease
  • target individuals rather than populations
  • none of the above

Frage 4

Frage
Suppose Physical Therapy is used to treat a disease; then Physical Therapy is associated with...
Antworten
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
  • All of the above

Frage 5

Frage
Pharmacy educational outcome(s) set forth by CAPE (Center for Advancement in Pharmaceutical Education) in 2004 include:
Antworten
  • Pharmaceutical Care
  • Systems Management
  • Public Health
  • All of the above

Frage 6

Frage
As discussed in the Public Health lecture, how many "Essential Public Health Services" are there?
Antworten
  • 6
  • 8
  • 10
  • 12

Frage 7

Frage
Physician Assistants often team with nurses to provide independent, intradisciplinary care.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 8

Frage
What mail order pharmacists like most about their work environment was:
Antworten
  • Repetitive nature of the work
  • Medication dispensing
  • Providing patient care
  • Dealing with insurance issues

Frage 9

Frage
The primary responsibility of a mail order pharmacist has evolved from medication preparation to:
Antworten
  • patient counseling via toll free phone calls
  • personnel management
  • financial management
  • dealing with state regulatory affairs

Frage 10

Frage
Sunscreen is an example of...
Antworten
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Frage 11

Frage
Quality means different things to different people and can be based on involvement, need, price, and experience.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 12

Frage
The pharmacist's code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with patients.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

Frage
Which healthcare professional has the most in quantity?
Antworten
  • Nurses
  • Physicians
  • Pharmacists
  • Pharmacy technicians

Frage 14

Frage
In all states, physician assistants have unlimited prescribing authority for all legend (prescription) drugs.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 15

Frage
A prescribed legend drug indicated for a chronic disease (e.g. diabetes) is an example of...
Antworten
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Frage 16

Frage
The "iron triangle" of health care include(s):
Antworten
  • Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention
  • Disease, Diagnosis, Prognosis
  • Assessment, Monitor, Assurance
  • Access, Cost, Quality

Frage 17

Frage
Public Health Pharmacists can encompass all of the following EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • Disaster preparedness
  • Chronic disease education
  • Exercise/Nutrition education
  • Medication adherence
  • Surgical removal of a cancerous tumor

Frage 18

Frage
The HMO act of 1973 mandated inclusion of a prepaid, fixed-free option for some employers.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 19

Frage
Public Health encompasses disease prevention measures, sanitation, occupational safety, and more.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 20

Frage
The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for hospitals.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 21

Frage
Responsibility for optimizing all of a patient's drug therapy is accepted by _____________ in the Pharmaceutical Care model.
Antworten
  • the primary care physician
  • the patient
  • The internal medicine physician
  • the pharmacist
  • the care team (including physician(s), pharmacist(s), and the patient)

Frage 22

Frage
According to Dr. Arneson's lecture the most common type of community pharmacy is:
Antworten
  • Chain
  • Supermarket
  • Independent
  • Mass merchandise

Frage 23

Frage
In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is greater by the "poor" than for the "middle income" or "high income".
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 24

Frage
When Americans in the 18th and 19th century became sick, most were cared for by:
Antworten
  • Allopathic physicians
  • Osteopathic physicians
  • Family members or self
  • Hospital wards

Frage 25

Frage
In 2006, males tended to have higher average number of prescription including refill than females.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 26

Frage
White Coat ceremonies are primarily intended to:
Antworten
  • create/increase parent or family support
  • celebrate students' matriculation
  • increase professionalism
  • unify healthcare dress code
  • create alumni donation opportunities

Frage 27

Frage
Aseptic and antiseptic techniques were developed in response to
Antworten
  • miasma theory of disease
  • Galen's Humoralism
  • germ theory of disease
  • allopathic measures

Frage 28

Frage
The motivation of a professional shares this theme with Concordia's mission:
Antworten
  • helping students
  • religious roots
  • service to others
  • development of mind, body & spirit
  • none of the above

Frage 29

Frage
Which of the following health outcomes are reflective of health care in the United States when compared to other developed countries (e.g. England, Canada)
Antworten
  • lower infant mortality
  • spends more on health care
  • has the best cost-to-benefit ratio
  • has the worst cost-to-benefit ratio

Frage 30

Frage
Millis Commission Report (1975) indicated pharmacists were inadequately prepared in systems analysis, management, and communication skills.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
The uninsured rate in the US in 2010 is around
Antworten
  • 0% (the US has socialized medicine and everyone is covered)
  • 1.63%
  • 16.3%
  • 100%
  • None of the above

Frage 32

Frage
According to the definition of Quality (in healthcare), it is intended to increase:
Antworten
  • repeatability of health care interventions
  • desired health outcomes
  • predictability of patient outcomes
  • patient satisfaction
  • care efficacy and reimbursement efficiency

Frage 33

Frage
Most Americans in the 19th century believed in ______________ to explain health and the body.
Antworten
  • Germ Theory
  • Miasma Theory
  • Humoralism

Frage 34

Frage
Based on this figure (8), the poor, minority, and immigrants (Non-citizens) are more likely to be uninsured.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
The area both independent community and chain community pharmacists like least about their practice settings is:
Antworten
  • Interaction with patients
  • Technology
  • Dealing with insurance issues
  • Over the counter products

Frage 36

Frage
When compared to other economically developed countries, the United States
Antworten
  • has lower infant mortality
  • spends more on health care
  • has longer life expectancy

Frage 37

Frage
Cost is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance. The current healthcare reform provides provisions and incentives to lower this barrier.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 38

Frage
The United States has _______________ health care standards (licensure, regulation, etc.) among economically developed countries.
Antworten
  • the highest
  • average
  • the lowest

Frage 39

Frage
Health Literacy is a severe problem for non-English speaking Americans but only a minor concern for the remainder of the population.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interdisciplinary care?
Antworten
  • Effective communication among professionals
  • Increase planning/scheduling difficulty
  • Effective communication with the patient
  • Independent work for the good of the patient
  • Multiple professionals

Frage 41

Frage
In 1905, the American Medical Association, with the support from the Carnegie Foundation, commissioned a study of U.S. medical schools in response to decades of concern about the quality of medical education and training. The resulting Flexner Report is considered a benchmark in the history of medical education because it:
Antworten
  • RESULTED in the closure of all medical schools that did not meet established quality criteria
  • stimulated licensing legislation and established new requirements pertaining to training lengths and quality standards in laboratories and other training facilities
  • all of the above

Frage 42

Frage
Health Care reforms have begun changing the emphasis in medical practice from treating illness in individual patients to maintaining wellness in community populations. This shift poses major challenges to the medical education process because:
Antworten
  • medical school education and training has historically focused on curing illness, not preventing it
  • preventative medicine has historically been assigned low priority in medical school curricula
  • all of the above

Frage 43

Frage
An individual working in a pharmacy (setting) who, under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist, assists in pharmacy activities that do not require the professional judgment of a pharmacist, would describe a:
Antworten
  • pharmacy intern
  • pharmacy technician
  • pharmacy resident

Frage 44

Frage
The "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" refers to the:
Antworten
  • Definition of pharmaceutical care
  • Definition of health by the World Health Organization
  • Definition of health by Healthy People 2010

Frage 45

Frage
Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance for decades, was modeled after:
Antworten
  • Baylor University Hospital's school teachers plan
  • the American Hospital Association policies
  • the American Red Cross

Frage 46

Frage
The health care system in the United States has been described as a "sickness system" developed for acute disease rather than prevention or reduction of chronic disease.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 47

Frage
Two major factors explaining the decline in infant mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy that are generally cited as explanations: (1) Changes in standard of living or lifestyle, including improvements in personal hygiene, diet, and housing (2) Advances in public health measures (3) Progress in medical practices including therapeutic interventions in the treatment of patients
Antworten
  • 1 and 2
  • 1 and 3
  • 2 and 3

Frage 48

Frage
The initial reaction of the American Medical Association (AMA) to Blue Cross hospital insurance plans suggested that the plans:
Antworten
  • Would strengthen the quality of hospital care
  • Were unsound and unethical
  • Would help boost physician income

Frage 49

Frage
Major obstacles to ensuring an efficient and rational health workforce in the future include:
Antworten
  • Separate and often conflicting interests of governments, educational institutions, professional organizations, insurers, and providers
  • Declining need for health care professionals in several categories of practice
  • Interprofessionalism and interdisciplinary care

Frage 50

Frage
Until the mid-1980s, hospitals were reimbursed for their expenses of the prior year on a "retrospective" basis. Now they are paid a certain amount for each patient's care on a "prospective" basis. The amount they are paid is based on:
Antworten
  • diagnosis related groups (DRGs)
  • prospective patient categories (PPCs)
  • epidemiology

Frage 51

Frage
To reduce health care costs, the patient should avoid the hospital emergency room for a(n) _______________ problem, and should go to a physician office, urgent care center or clinic setting, instead.
Antworten
  • immediate
  • non-urgent
  • emergent

Frage 52

Frage
"Heroic" methods (including bleeding, purging, sweating, etc.) are most closely associated with:
Antworten
  • Humoralism and Orthodox physicians
  • Osteopathy
  • Miasma and Sectarian physicians
  • Homeopathic physicians

Frage 53

Frage
The Hill-Burton Act
Antworten
  • Provided federal funding for hospitals
  • Created to separate categories of drugs (prescription & OTC)
  • Provided federal funding for polio vaccination programs
  • Amended the pure food & drug act to create the FDA

Frage 54

Frage
The closing of medical schools following the Flexner Report led to decreased minority and female students.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 55

Frage
An overlap of duties leading to professional conflict might occur between:
Antworten
  • Physicians and Pharmacists
  • Registered Nurses and Physical Therapists
  • Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners
  • Occupational Therapists and Registered Nurses

Frage 56

Frage
A professional's preparation and duties are likely to include
Antworten
  • Specialized skills training
  • Continuing education
  • Basic scientific theory
  • Credentialing
  • All of the above

Frage 57

Frage
The federal government licenses pharmacists to practice in all states and territories except Illinois and New Mexico.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 58

Frage
In 1915, Abraham Flexner declared pharmacy
Antworten
  • Shouldn't receive War Dept. commissions
  • Was not a profession
  • Should share physicians education systems
  • Had achieved doctoral status
  • None of the above

Frage 59

Frage
The Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act is best known for:
Antworten
  • Portability of insurance coverage
  • Patient privacy rules
  • Portability of patient records
  • The Hyde Amendment
  • The Flexner Amendment

Frage 60

Frage
In the 20th century, hospital insurance plans, including Medicare, are often credited with
Antworten
  • Stabilizing hospital financing
  • Restricting hospital growth
  • Decreasing outpatient services
  • Non of the above are true

Frage 61

Frage
The federal government operates a number of hospitals for specific populations, including
Antworten
  • Veterans
  • Military personnel
  • Native Americans
  • A and B only
  • A, B, and C

Frage 62

Frage
In what period did almost all (hospital) administrators in their organizations, responded by cutting administrative expenses, reducing staff and services, and employing other methods to maintain viability?
Antworten
  • Pre-Great Depression
  • Post-Great Depression
  • The technology boom in the late 1990's
  • Recession that began in 2008

Frage 63

Frage
Horizontal Integration is
Antworten
  • the term to describe an affiliation between hospitals
  • the term used to describe an affiliation between inpatient surgery centers
  • the term used to describe a commensalistic relationship between local public health units
  • None of the above

Frage 64

Frage
Whereas a retrospective payment type is fee-for-service, a prospective payment service type is
Antworten
  • Diagnosis-Reform Group
  • Diagnosis -Related Group
  • Disease-Related Group
  • None of the above

Frage 65

Frage
Public Health encompasses disease prevention measures, sanitation, occupational safety, and more.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 66

Frage
Major obstacles to ensuring an efficient and rational health workforce in the future include:
Antworten
  • Separate and often conflicting interests of governments, educational institutions, professional organizations, insurers, and providers
  • Declining need for health care professionals in several categories of practice
  • Interprofessionalism and interdisciplinary care

Frage 67

Frage
Select the true statement:
Antworten
  • Persons with co-occurring disorders often have more instances of premature death and higher rates of disability that hose who don’t have co-occurring disorder.
  • Persons with co-occurring disorders do not have more instances of premature death and higher rates of disability that hose who don’t have co-occurring disorder.
  • Neither are true

Frage 68

Frage
Select the true statement:
Antworten
  • From 2008 to 2014, there is a projected 6.6% annual decrease in spending for mental health and substance use services in the US.
  • From 2008 to 2014, there is a projected 6.6% annual increase in spending for mental health and substance use services in the US.
  • There will not be a % change in spending for mental health during this period in the US.

Frage 69

Frage
These groups/cultures are “at-risk” populations – and more likely to delay or not seek mental health care/treatment
Antworten
  • Cultural and linguistic minorities
  • Rural populations
  • Women and children in lower socio-economics
  • A and C only
  • All of the above

Frage 70

Frage
Evidence-based practice/medicine/pharmacy:
Antworten
  • Is supported by research that is published in the clinical literature
  • The type of practice that is the basis of curriculum now offered by healthcare professions’ schools and colleges
  • Clinical literature that is reviewed and summarized by professionals with expertise in the specific area
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Frage 71

Frage
In a collaborative practice environment, a clinical psychiatric pharmacist can:
Antworten
  • Provide medication management services
  • Initiate and discontinue med use
  • Dose and refill authorizations
  • Laboratory monitoring
  • All of the above

Frage 72

Frage
Factors influencing prescriber behavior include: 
Antworten
  • Education (e.g., Training in pharmacotherapeutics; Preceptors’ prescribing habits)
  • Control and regulatory mechanisms
  • Demands by consumers and society
  • Promotional activities by drug manufacturers
  • All of the above

Frage 73

Frage
What is the order of the pharmaceutical supply chain?
Antworten
  • Raw Material Supply Manufacturing  Distribution  Dispensing  Patient
  • Raw Material Supply Patient  Manufacturing  Distribution  Dispensing
  • Raw Material Supply Dispensing  Patient  Manufacturing  Distribution
  • None of the above

Frage 74

Frage
Select the false statement:
Antworten
  • Once a drug is approved for the market, the FDA has the ultimate power to determine how it is ultimately used.
  • Non-FDA-approved (“off-label”) indications are uses of a product that were not approved by the FDA, but have shown value after approval based on postmarketing research.
  • Non-FDA-approved indications cannot be promoted by the manufacturer.

Frage 75

Frage
Researchers test an experimental drug or treatment in a small group of healthy people (20-80) for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Antworten
  • Phase I
  • Phase II
  • Phase III
  • Phase IV

Frage 76

Frage
A ________ drug treats rare medical conditions / disease, affecting fewer than 200,000 patients in USA, may be sold without competition for seven years, National Organization of Rare Diseases (NORD) & European Organization for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS)
Antworten
  • Oprah
  • Orphan
  • Albano
  • Vu
  • None of the above

Frage 77

Frage
Drug Labeling:
Antworten
  • All printed information accompanying a drug, label, wrapping & package insert
  • FDA Division of Marketing, Advertising & Communication seeks balanced, not misleading, scientifically accurate information for health care practitioners
  • Label claim (indication) is particularly important to sponsor because of its connection to reimbursement
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 78

Frage
Select the false/untrue factor(s) that change demand:
Antworten
  • Prices of related goods
  • Money income of the producer
  • Number of consumers in the market
  • Attitudes, tastes, and preferences of the consumer
  • Consumer expectations with respect to future prices and incomes

Frage 79

Frage
Select the false/untrue factor(s) that change supply:
Antworten
  • Techniques of production, including technology
  • Number of buyers in the market
  • Resource costs (material and wages)
  • Prices for related goods
  • Sellers’ expectations

Frage 80

Frage
Demand is ___________if an increase in price causes the quantity demanded to decrease enough to result in a decrease of total revenue.
Antworten
  • Elastic
  • Inelastic
  • Unitary
  • None of the above

Frage 81

Frage
Typical Home Care services include all EXCEPT 
Antworten
  • Homemaker
  • Wound care
  • Parenteral nutrition
  • Minor home surgery
  • Hospice care

Frage 82

Frage
Select the true statement:
Antworten
  • Hospice services cannot legally be provided in a patient's home in most states.
  • Hospice services can legally be provided in a patient's home in most states.

Frage 83

Frage
Major changes that have occurred in IV infusion devices as a result of the growth of home care.
Antworten
  • the size and weight of infusion devices have decreased dramatically
  • Manufacturers have introduced disposable infusion devices
  • Pharmacists can only administer them
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 84

Frage
Home care pharmacy standards according to ASHP can include:
Antworten
  • Initial patient database and assessment
  • Selection of products, devices, and ancillary supplies
  • Clinical monitoring
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 85

Frage
The advent of Medicare Part D coverage in 2008 provided partial or full coverage of home care medications.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 86

Frage
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Antworten
  • Offering Relief for 4 Million Seniors Who Hit the Medicare Prescription Drug Reimbursement Gap (donut hole): provides a one-time, tax-free $250 rebate check for uncovered prescription drug costs (2010).
  • Offering Prescription Drug Discounts: provides Medicare recipients who reach the prescription drug coverage gap with a 50% discount when buying Medicare Part D covered brand-name prescription drugs; for the next 10 years, seniors will receive additional savings on brand-name and generic drugs until the coverage gap is closed in 2020 (2011).
  • Providing Free Preventive Care for Seniors: provides certain free preventive services, such as annual wellness visits and personalized prevention plans for seniors on Medicare (2011).
  • Reducing Health Care Fraud and Abuse: invests new resources and requires new screening procedures for health care providers to boost federal antifraud and waste initiatives in Medicare ONLY.

Frage 87

Frage
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Antworten
  • Improving Health care Quality and Efficiency: establishes a new Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation (James Bresette) to test new ways of delivering care to patients to improve the quality of care, and reduce the rate of growth in costs for Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP (2011).
  • Linking Payment to Quality Outcomes: establishes a hospital Value Based Purchasing program in Traditional Medicare, offering financial incentives to hospitals to improve the quality of care; requires hospitals to publicly report performance for certain diagnoses and patients’ perceptions of care (2012).
  • Encouraging Integrated Health Systems: provides incentives for physicians hospitals to join together to form “Accountable Care Organizations” to better coordinate Medicare beneficiary patient care and improve quality, help prevent disease and illness and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions (2012).
  • Improving Preventive Health Coverage: provides new funding to state Medicaid programs that choose to cover preventive services for patients at a cost (equal to or similar to prescription gap/donut hole reimbursement) to expand the number of Americans receiving preventive care (2012).

Frage 88

Frage
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Antworten
  • Allowing States to Cover More People on Medicaid: provides federal matching funds for states covering some additional low-income individuals and families under Medicaid for whom federal funds were not previously available (2010).
  • Increasing Access to Services at Home and in the Community: allows states to offer home and community-based services to disabled individuals through Medicaid rather than institutional care in nursing homes through the Community First Choice Option (2011).
  • Increasing Medicaid Payments for only Sub-specialty Doctors and Surgeons: requires states to pay them no less than 100% of Medicare payment rates in 2013 and 2014 for primary care services.
  • All are false

Frage 89

Frage
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Antworten
  • Providing Additional Funding for the CHIP: provides states with two additional years of funding to continue coverage for children not eligible for Medicaid (2013).
  • Increasing Access to Medicaid: enables Americans who earn less than 133% of the federal poverty level eligible to enroll in Medicaid; provides states with 100% federal funding for the first 3 years to support this expanded coverage, phasing to 90% federal funding in subsequent years (2014).
  • Increasing Federal Match for CHIP: provide states with a 23% increase in CHIP matching rate up to 100%; CHIP eligible children excluded from the program because of enrollment caps are eligible for tax credits in the state health insurance exchanges (2015).
  • None are false; all are true

Frage 90

Frage
Addressing Overpayments to Big Insurance Companies and Strengthening Medicare Advantage (MA): eliminates additional Medicare costs from Medicare managed care plans (MA) and provides bonus payments to MA plans that provide high-quality care (2011).
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 91

Frage
Improving Preventive Health Coverage: provides new funding to state Medicaid programs that choose to cover preventive services for patients at little or no cost to expand the number of Americans receiving preventive care (2012), is which outcome:
Antworten
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Frage 92

Frage
Increasing Medicaid Payments for Primary Care Doctors: requires states to pay primary care physicians no less than 100% of Medicare payment rates in 2013 and 2014 for primary care services, with full federal funding of the increase; the requirement anticipates an influx of new Medicaid enrollees into the system (2013), is which outcome:
Antworten
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Frage 93

Frage
Providing Additional Funding for the CHIP: provides states with two additional years of funding to continue coverage for children not eligible for Medicaid (2013), is which outcome:
Antworten
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Frage 94

Frage
Addressing Overpayments to Big Insurance Companies and Strengthening Medicare Advantage (MA): eliminates additional Medicare costs from Medicare managed care plans (MA) and provides bonus payments to MA plans that provide high-quality care (2011), is which outcome:
Antworten
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Frage 95

Frage
Putting Information for Consumers Online: establishes a website on which consumers can compare health insurance coverage options and choose their preference (2010), is which outcome:
Antworten
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Frage 96

Frage
Which is a true statement?
Antworten
  • The pharmacist’s code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with physician assistants.
  • The pharmacist’s code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with patients.
  • The pharmacy technician code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with patients.
  • None of the above are true

Frage 97

Frage
Which statement is true?
Antworten
  • The HMO Act of 1973 mandated exclusion of a prepaid, fixed-fee option for some employers.
  • The HMO Act of 1973 mandated inclusion of a prepaid, fixed-fee option for some employers.
  • The HMO Act of 1973 mandated inclusion of a cost-plus option for some employers.
  • None of the above are true

Frage 98

Frage
Select the true statement:
Antworten
  • The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for hospitals
  • The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for Veterans Administration hospitals only
  • The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for Critical Access hospitals
  • None are true

Frage 99

Frage
Select the true statement.
Antworten
  • In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is greater by the poor than for the middle income or high income.
  • In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is lesser by the poor than for the middle income or high income.
  • In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is equal by the poor, middle income, and high income.
  • None of the above

Frage 100

Frage
Which is a true statement?
Antworten
  • Millis Commission report (1975) indicated that pharmacists were adequately prepared in systems analysis, management, and communication skills.
  • Millis Commission report (1975) indicated that pharmacists were inadequately prepared in systems analysis, management, and communication skills.
  • Millis Commission report (1975) indicated that pharmacists were inadequately prepared in pharmaceutical, sociological, and psychological skills.
  • None of the about are true

Frage 101

Frage
Select the true statement.
Antworten
  • The poor, minority, or immigrants (Non-citizens) are more likely to be uninsured compared to wealthier, white non-hispanic, or a US citizen
  • The poor, minority, or immigrants (Non-citizens) are more likely to be insured compared to wealthier, white non-hispanic, or a US citizen
  • All of the above are true
  • None of the above

Frage 102

Frage
Select the true statement.
Antworten
  • Cost is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance.
  • Losing a job is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance.
  • Being healthy is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance.
  • None of the above are true.

Frage 103

Frage
Specialty pharmacies:
Antworten
  • are projected not to exist within the next 10 years.
  • are only found in rural areas.
  • are the most prevalent of all community pharmacies.
  • usually specialize in the medication management of one or two disease states.

Frage 104

Frage
Nuclear pharmacist:
Antworten
  • have the most direct patient contact of any of the areas of pharmacy practice.
  • require specialized training beyond the traditional pharmacy training.
  • only work in the evening.
  • glow in the dark.

Frage 105

Frage
Pharmacist in mail-order pharmacies:
Antworten
  • only fill prescriptions
  • never have to deal with patient insurance issues
  • only work weekends
  • have evolved to manning phone banks to council and answer patient questions

Frage 106

Frage
A _____________ is a continually updated list of medications and related information, representing the clinical judgment of pharmacists, physicians, and other experts in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and promotion of health.
Antworten
  • Guernica
  • Formulary
  • Bar code
  • Computerized physician order entry (CPOE)

Frage 107

Frage
Some challenges of medication reconciliation (performing or implementing it) include:
Antworten
  • Time constraints
  • Health literacy
  • Interview skills
  • B and C only
  • All of the above

Frage 108

Frage
Centralized hospital pharmacy is the distribution of medications and pharmacy services occurring from a centralized pharmacy location with medication storage area, sterile preparation area (clean room), and medication cart filling area. Other advantages include:
Antworten
  • Fewer professional and technical resources needed
  • Less drug inventory and supply costs
  • Lack of face-to-face interaction with patients and providers
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 109

Frage
Incident-to-billing can be used in which of the following practice settings:
Antworten
  • A hospital-based clinic
  • An independent clinic
  • A community pharmacy
  • A dependent hospital

Frage 110

Frage
A law that compels hospital to treat patients who present in the emergency room regardless of ability to pay or insurance status. The law also intends to prevent “patient dumping.”
Antworten
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Association Labor Act B. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Law Act
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Law Act
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Legal Act
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

Frage 111

Frage
Select the true statement:
Antworten
  • The patient centered medical home (PCMH) is not simply a place but a model of organization of primary care that delivers the core functions of primary health care. It does not encompass these five functions and attributes: Comprehensive care, Patient- centered, coordinated care, accessible services, quality and safety.
  • The patient centered medical home (PCMH) is not simply a place but a model of organization of primary care that delivers the core functions of primary health care. It encompasses five functions and attributes: Comprehensive care, Patient-centered, coordinated care, accessible services, quality and safety.
  • PCMH is a United States law
  • PCMH has not demonstrated quality

Frage 112

Frage
Ambulatory Care is:
Antworten
  • Healthcare services provided to a patient who is not an inpatient in a healthcare institution (e.g., nursing home or hospital) and can walk or move about to obtain those services.
  • The provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community.
  • Considered inpatient hospitals services
  • None of the above

Frage 113

Frage
Health care reforms have begun changing the emphasis in medical practice from treating illness in individual patients to maintaining wellness in community populations. This shift poses major challenges to the medical education process because:
Antworten
  • medical school education and training has historically focused on curing illness, not preventing it
  • preventive medicine has historically been assigned low priority in medical school curricula
  • preventive medicine has always been a focus of the pharmacy profession
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 114

Frage
Infrastructure investment secured by Hill-Burton Act further propelling the growth of:
Antworten
  • YMCA Gymnasiums
  • American Pharmacists Association
  • Corner drug stores
  • Hospitals

Frage 115

Frage
Insurers can increase cost containment efforts via:
Antworten
  • Prior approvals or prior authorization
  • Primary care as gatekeepers
  • Promotion of tertiary prevention
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 116

Frage
Hospital mergers or acquisitions often take advantage of:
Antworten
  • Finance of Scale
  • Scale of Economy
  • Scale of Justice
  • Economies of Scale

Frage 117

Frage
In part due to a shift from acute to chronic disease:
Antworten
  • Hospital systems have increased outpatient (or ambulatory care) facilities and services as well as other healthcare interests
  • Hospital systems have decreased outpatient (or ambulatory care) facilities and services as well as other healthcare interests
  • Hospital systems have not changed
  • None of the above are true

Frage 118

Frage
The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act proposed a mandate that taxes tanning via artificial tanning beds; the tax rate is:
Antworten
  • 10%
  • 50%
  • 100%
  • Taxing to decrease behavior has never been done

Frage 119

Frage
The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act has curtailed restrictions (by insurers) on:
Antworten
  • pre-existing conditions
  • lifetime limits
  • practicing preventive health
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 120

Frage
The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act specifically mentions the word “Pharmacist."
Antworten
  • Yes, pharmacist provisions are increasing
  • No, pharmacist provisions are decreasing
  • Yes, pharmacist are encouraged to be like physicians
  • No, pharmacist are encouraged to be like nurses

Frage 121

Frage
According to a JAMA report in 1995, 78% of system failures and errors can be attributed to:
Antworten
  • Unlimited information access
  • Limited information access
  • lacking standardization
  • B and C only
  • None of the above

Frage 122

Frage
Computerized Provider Order Entry:
Antworten
  • can be orders for labs, medications, etc.
  • eliminates verbal, telephone, faxed orders
  • ensures orders are legible
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Frage 123

Frage
One way to reduce medication error rate is with
Antworten
  • Bar Channel Medication Administration
  • Bar Channel Medicine Administration
  • Bar Code Medication Administration
  • Bar Code Medication Association

Frage 124

Frage
An example of adjudication in healthcare is
Antworten
  • defaulting on a pharmacy claim
  • processing a pharmacy claim
  • Neither A or B is an example
  • Both A and B are examples

Frage 125

Frage
With respect to bioinformatics and the overall consequences:
Antworten
  • Anticipate technology outpacing policies, procedures, practices
  • Ramifications of large systems and automated processes
  • Health information exchange and data ownership
  • B and C only
  • All of the above

Frage 126

Frage
Factor(s) which might make a patient a good "fit" for home care include
Antworten
  • Too “sick” for self-care but healthy enough to avoid institutional setting
  • home care services available in the area
  • available of family members to assist
  • a and b only
  • a, b, and c

Frage 127

Frage
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) are the basic measurement for determining...
Antworten
  • quality of nursing home care
  • appropriateness of Long-Term Care (LTC) setting selection
  • patient age
  • none of the above
  • all of the above

Frage 128

Frage
Demand quantity generally always decreases as price increases because
Antworten
  • replacement products lower prices
  • utility is often elastic as prices increase
  • fewer buyers have ability or willingness to pay the higher price
  • complementary products become available as substitutes
  • the number of consumers in the market increases

Frage 129

Frage
For pharmacists, Mental Health patients often present....
Antworten
  • increased risk of drug interaction issues
  • increased risk of medication adherence problems
  • enhanced patient communication
  • A and B only
  • all of the above

Frage 130

Frage
For pharmacists and the interprofessional team, mental health patients often present(s):
Antworten
  • increase risk of drug interaction issues
  • increased risk of medication adherence problems
  • increased difficulty in communication
  • the same need for compassionate care
  • all of the above

Frage 131

Frage
Which characteristic is typically associated with a modern hospital?
Antworten
  • staffed by health care professionals
  • provides both ambulatory and inpatient care
  • includes pharmacists as a part of the care team
  • concentration of healthcare facilities and equipment
  • all of the above

Frage 132

Frage
Select the true statement about mental health and substance abuse:
Antworten
  • All patients of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse disor der avoid diagnosis or treatment.
  • All physicians of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse dis order avoid diagnosis or treatment.
  • Many physicians of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse disorder avoid diagnosis or treatment.
  • Many patients of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse dis order avoid diagnosis or treatment.

Frage 133

Frage
The following statements concerning the Veterans Administration are true:
Antworten
  • The VA system includes medical centers, outpatient clinics and community clinics
  • VA pharmacists provide a large variety of clinical services
  • Ambulatory services available through the VA are restricted to combat related illnesses
  • a and b
  • All of the above

Frage 134

Frage
Home care pharmacy standards are developed by:
Antworten
  • American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
  • American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
  • American Colleges of Pharmaceutical Education
  • All of the above

Frage 135

Frage
Improving economic performance of the health care system through introducing all aspects of market forces to improve cost and quality should include:
Antworten
  • Making patients more sensitive costs and quality (e.g., transparency of information; tiered cost- sharing, defined contributions for health insurance)
  • Report costs, quality, and quantity of services of providers to promote competition among providers.
  • Design physician and hospital reimbursement schemes with incentives to reduce costs.
  • B and C only
  • All of the above

Frage 136

Frage
Many policy makers believe health care is a(n)_________, and therefore, should be regulated as a public utility (control fees and prices).
Antworten
  • oligopoly
  • monopsony
  • elastic demand
  • monopoly

Frage 137

Frage
All of the following contribute to increased competition EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • open information
  • available substitute goods
  • lower barriers to entry
  • many market participants
  • a strong patent and copyright system

Frage 138

Frage
Elasticity refers to change in demanded quantity due to change in
Antworten
  • number of consumers
  • availability of substitutes
  • price
  • supply
  • none of the above

Frage 139

Frage
The average charge for Assisted Living in the US is...
Antworten
  • significantly higher than skilled nursing care
  • approximately $3300/month (2010 data)
  • approximately $200/bed/day (2010 data)
  • 100% covered by Medicare and Medicaid
  • none of the above

Frage 140

Frage
Hospitals have reacted to Medicare’s Prospective Payment System (PPS) and insurance plan capitation by
Antworten
  • increasing use of PAs and NPs
  • performing more services on an inpatient basis
  • increasing outpatient services offered
  • requiring minimum patient stay lengths
  • requiring prior approvals

Frage 141

Frage
Patient treatment needs which are typical for Long-term Care (LTC) include all of the following except...
Antworten
  • physical therapy
  • broken leg rehab
  • Alzheimer's
  • surgery
  • IV drug therapy

Frage 142

Frage
According to epidemiological data, what factor or barrier is the primary reason for not seeking treatment?
Antworten
  • Access
  • Quality
  • Cost
  • None of the above

Frage 143

Frage
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)...
Antworten
  • recommends drug recalls to the Consumer Products Safety Commission
  • has little control of how a drug is used after approval
  • has no regulatory authority for non-print advertising (FCC regulates) of drugs
  • provides DEA agents to Homeland Security to enforce reimportation regulations 
  • all of the above

Frage 144

Frage
A New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to the FDA
Antworten
  • to request approval for marketing a new drug
  • prior to phase IV clinicals
  • to request approval to begin phase I clinicals
  • A & B only
  • all of the above

Frage 145

Frage
Some types of “errors” caught in medication reconciliation include:
Antworten
  • Omissions
  • Duplications
  • Dosing errors
  • a and b only
  • a, b, and c

Frage 146

Frage
The majority of Assisted Living residents move in from
Antworten
  • their homes
  • the hospital
  • skilled nursing facilities
  • hospice
  • none of the above

Frage 147

Frage
A believable rumor of an upcoming price increase will likely:
Antworten
  • cause an increase in demand
  • cause a decrease in demand
  • cause increased utility
  • cause decreased utility
  • none of the above

Frage 148

Frage
A market structure closest to perfect competition...
Antworten
  • is quite similar to the market for Medicare services
  • has strong regulation to ensure qualified, competent sellers
  • might have market analysts who sell exclusive, valuable market information
  • has financing to support substantial capital expenditures for market entry
  • has no collusion

Frage 149

Frage
In most hospitals, formularies are used to limit the options available to the Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 150

Frage
Abraham Flexner's 1910 report recommended:
Antworten
  • increased standards for medical education
  • creation of HMO's
  • elimination of osteopathic medical schools
  • rejection of the germ theory of disease

Frage 151

Frage
There are multiple criticisms of the U.S. healthcare system which have historically driven the need for reform including access to care and cost effectiveness.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 152

Frage
Indian Health Service participants who do not live on or near 564 reservations are eligible for limited healthcare benefits through IHS’s TRICARE program.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 153

Frage
We are projected to run out of bar codes
Antworten
  • in 10-15 years
  • in 15-30 years
  • in over 100 years
  • not projected - depends on rate of new drug approval
  • none of the above

Frage 154

Frage
Every substance can be toxic and some can be therapeutic depending on the concentration.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 155

Frage
Modern enterprise systems integrate financial accounting with inventory, manufacturing, sales, or other modules.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 156

Frage
In nuclear pharmacies, most of the pharmacist’s time is involved with
Antworten
  • Personnel management
  • Medication preparation
  • Medication Dispensing
  • Business related activities-financial management

Frage 157

Frage
Although supply and demand curves have different slopes, both are always straight lines.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 158

Frage
A pharmacy is not only a dispensing environment - it can also be thought of as an assembly operation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 159

Frage
The Durham-Humphrey amendment created
Antworten
  • hospital funding
  • the FDA
  • the category of Legend drugs
  • pharmacists' license requirements

Frage 160

Frage
Current and growing public health opportunities include all of the following EXCEPT
Antworten
  • pharmacovigilance
  • pandemic preparedness
  • healthcare workforce development
  • cosmetic surgery
  • None of the above

Frage 161

Frage
For those over age 65, all Parts of Medicare are optional EXCEPT
Antworten
  • Part A
  • Part B
  • Part C
  • Part D
  • none of the above

Frage 162

Frage
Health insurance is not a strong "fit" with the criteria for insurable risk and prescription coverage is an even worse "fit".
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 163

Frage
Managed care organizations can be a hybrid of health insurer and health care provider.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 164

Frage
The FDA's roles in drug development include all of the following EXCEPT:
Antworten
  • premarketing clearance
  • regulation of labeling
  • manufacturing regulation
  • development of bioequivalent compounds
  • conducting postmarketing surveillance

Frage 165

Frage
Medical School training in the first two years is typically focused on
Antworten
  • Clinical training
  • Research
  • Cadavers and sleeplessness
  • Basic science
  • Internships followed by Residency

Frage 166

Frage
Adherence implies a patient choice in making the decision to follow a health professional's recommendations.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 167

Frage
While medical internships are typically two years following residency, they emphasize clinical work over basic sciences.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 168

Frage
Continuing challenges of applying technology in a healthcare environment include
Antworten
  • systems integration
  • transactional integrity
  • barcode specificity
  • A & B above
  • A, B, & C above

Frage 169

Frage
Complementary products, more consumers, and expected price increases...
Antworten
  • typically result in increased demand
  • have no effect on demand
  • typically result in decreased demand

Frage 170

Frage
"Off label" marketing refers to a manufacturer failing to include all known side effect, risks, and indications on labels and advertisements.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 171

Frage
Even though jails and prisons are obligated to provide similar discharge care for mental/behavioral (psychiatric medications, discharge plans, etc.), they are decreasing as defacto mental/behavioral health provider.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 172

Frage
Pick the correct order of increasing number of practitioners:
Antworten
  • Nurses -> Physicians -> Pharmacists
  • Physicians -> Pharmacists -> Nurses
  • Pharmacists -> Nurses -> Physicians
  • Pharmacists -> Physicians -> Nurses
  • Physicians -> Nurses -> Pharmacists

Frage 173

Frage
Risk management problems with health insurance include all of following except
Antworten
  • provider/physician induced demand
  • selectivity in when patients purchase health insurance
  • increase risk of heart disease between genders
  • epidemic diseases
  • none of the above

Frage 174

Frage
The biggest difference in health care between developing and developed countries is:
Antworten
  • Communicable diseases are more prevalent than chronic diseases in developing countries.
  • Chronic diseases are more prevalent than communicable diseases in developing countries.
  • Developing countries all have portability of benefits.
  • Developing countries all have a socialized medicine system of health care.

Frage 175

Frage
Consultant pharmacists are not allowed to perform DRR for Medicare certified nursing facilities.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 176

Frage
The type of health care system where the government provides health insurance to all citizens is:
Antworten
  • Socialized health insurance
  • Social security
  • Social solidarity
  • None of the above

Frage 177

Frage
The Minimum Data Set is an assessment of a patient's capabilities in common tasks such as bathing, dressing, and eating.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 178

Frage
Direct-to-consumer advertising and increased information access are affecting prescribing and medication use in the United States.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 179

Frage
The federal government often intercedes in healthcare when
Antworten
  • Market failure prevents healthcare access
  • Safety of a product must be assured
  • practitioners must be licensed
  • A & B above
  • A, B, & C above

Frage 180

Frage
Hospital Emergency Departments are designed to diagnose and treat a broad range of non-urgent cases.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 181

Frage
Skilled Nursing Facilities are highly regulated by state and federal agencies.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 182

Frage
Home Care Pharmacy standards are published by the International Joint Commission
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 183

Frage
The Medicare program is administered by the CMS.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 184

Frage
Continuing Care Retirement Communities may provide:
Antworten
  • independent living
  • skilled nursing
  • activities
  • dining
  • all of the above

Frage 185

Frage
For a provider, becoming part of a managed care network typically involves increased risk exposure to patients' health but decreased cost or risk of "acquiring" patients.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 186

Frage
For a provider, becoming part of a managed care network typically involves increased risk exposure to patients' health but decreased cost or risk of "acquiring" patients.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 187

Frage
Health Literacy...
Antworten
  • does not differ among patient demographics
  • encompasses only print and electronic information
  • is an important factor in health care cost control
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 188

Frage
Group policies are usually less expensive than individual policies because:
Antworten
  • Group policies are most often negotiated by large companies with skilled negotiators
  • Insurance companies pay significantly greater sales commissions for individual policies than group policies
  • Individual policies are most often purchased by those less healthy in need of coverage but groups policies include everyone in the group
  • Insurance companies selling individual policies cannot legally restrict policyholders to specific (discounted) hospital/physicians

Frage 189

Frage
Which market most closely resembles a monopoly?
Antworten
  • A rural community with one grocery store and many residents
  • A farming community with one cotton mill and many cotton farms
  • An urban neighborhood with several "bodega" style food markets and many residents
  • An urban area with two oil refineries and many automobiles
  • A farmer's market in a suburban community

Frage 190

Frage
The U.S. federal, state, and local governments roles in healthcare include:
Antworten
  • payor
  • provider
  • regulator
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 191

Frage
The FDA was created by
Antworten
  • The Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act of 1938
  • The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
  • The Flexner report of 1910
  • The Import Drug act of 1848
  • An Amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935

Frage 192

Frage
The 2010 Health Care Reform laws established a new role for our federal government as a health care provider.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 193

Frage
Hospitals utilizing a centralized pharmacy distribution system need not centralize pharmacists also.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 194

Frage
Since its inception Medicare cost have:
Antworten
  • Remained constant
  • Steadily increased
  • Steadily decreased
  • Contributed to the deflation of health costs

Frage 195

Frage
Healthcare is not subject to market forces due to the unpredictability of illness, universal demand, and the lack of full and free information.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 196

Frage
Preceptors' prescribing habits, regulatory mechanisms, and formularies influence prescribing behavior.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 197

Frage
While health care reform laws have been proposed and debated in congress during multiple presidential administrations including Truman and most recently Clinton, the 2010 reforms represent the first passage of any federal reform law.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 198

Frage
Similar to property and casualty insurance, health insurance applies the theory of risk pooling to manage unanticipated risk.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 199

Frage
Specialty practice physician compensation is _______ primary care physician compensation.
Antworten
  • typically greater than
  • typically less than
  • approximately the same as

Frage 200

Frage
The majority of Medicare funding comes from:
Antworten
  • Payroll taxes
  • State appropriations
  • Health care taxes
  • Government budget surplus
Zusammenfassung anzeigen Zusammenfassung ausblenden

Möchten Sie mit GoConqr kostenlos Ihre eigenen Quiz erstellen? eigenen Mehr erfahren.

ähnlicher Inhalt

PHAR340 - Exam 2
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT Slides - Mental Health
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT slides - Dean Arneson Lecture
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT Slides - Home Care
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT slides - Health Care Reform
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT Slides - Supply Chain
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT Slides - New Drug Development & FDA Communications
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT slides - Long Term Care
Kevin Vu
Exam 2 PPT Slides - Economics
Kevin Vu
PHAR340 - Exam 2
Daisy Martinez
Deutsche Bundeskanzler(Amtszeiten)
max.grassl
Bibliothek durchsuchen