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Quiz von Sharlotte Whiteley, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Sharlotte Whiteley
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Frage 1
Frage
All of the following represent examples of nonspecific immunity except:
Antworten
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species resistance
-
phagocytosis
-
cell-mediated immunity
-
mechanical and chemical barriers
Frage 2
Frage
The body's first line(s) of defense is(are) the:
Antworten
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skin
-
mucous membranes
-
inflammatory response
-
all except inflammatory response
Frage 3
Frage
Inflammation mediators include:
Antworten
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histamine
-
kinins
-
prostoglandins
-
all of the above
Frage 4
Frage
The most numerous type of phagocyte is the:
Antworten
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neutrophil
-
histocyte
-
microglia
-
Kupffer cell
Frage 5
Frage
The type of immune mechanism that provides a general defense by acting against anything recognized as "not self" is called:
Antworten
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nonspecific immunity
-
specific immunity
-
autoimmune
-
none of the above
Frage 6
Frage
All of the following are major types of interferon except_________interferon.
Antworten
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cartilage
-
leukocyte
-
immune
-
fibroblast
Frage 7
Frage
B cell mechanisms are classified as ________immunity.
Antworten
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nonspecific
-
antibody-mediated
-
cell-mediated
-
Both A and B are correct
Frage 8
Frage
Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses are called:
Antworten
-
antigens
-
plasma proteins
-
antibodies
-
prostaglandins
Frage 9
Frage
Memory Cells:
Antworten
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immediately secrete antibodies when they are formed
-
are supporting cells and are not related to antibody production.
-
are a special type of T cell.
-
become plasma cells when exposed to an antigen
Frage 10
Frage
The constant region of the light chain in an antibody consists of ______amino acids.
Antworten
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50
-
77
-
106
-
168
Frage 11
Frage
An immunoglobulin, or antibody molecule, consists of ___heavy and ___ light polypeptide chains.
Antworten
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two:two
-
four:two
-
two:four
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four:four
Frage 12
Frage
The antibody normally constituting the highest percentage of antibodies in the blood is:
Antworten
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following does not describe phagocytosis?
Antworten
-
The ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles
-
Part of the inflammatory response
-
A major component of the body's third line of defense
-
A nonspecific defense
Frage 14
Frage
The antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen is:
Antworten
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Frage 15
Frage
The antibody commonly found in tears and saliva
Antworten
-
IgE
-
IgD
-
IgM
-
IgA
Frage 16
Frage
The function of which antibody is basically unknown?
Antworten
-
IgE
-
IgD
-
IgM
-
IgA
Frage 17
Frage
The antibody associated with allergic reaction is:
Antworten
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Frage 18
Frage
The major class of antibody present in the mucous membranes of the body is:
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgE
-
IgA
-
IgD
Frage 19
Frage
The predominant antibody of a secondary response is:
Antworten
-
IgE
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgA
Frage 20
Frage
The most abundant circulating antibody, the one that normally makes up about 75% of all the antibodies in the blood, is:
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgA
-
IgE
-
IgM
Frage 21
Frage
Complement can best be described as a(n):
Antworten
-
enzyme in blood
-
lymphokine
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antibody
-
hormone
Frage 22
Frage
The complement system can be activated by:
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the binding of complement protein 1 to the complement-binding site on the antibody molecule.
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the binding of complement protein 3 to bacteria or viruses in the presence of properdin
-
nonspecific immune mechanisms
-
all of the above
Frage 23
Frage
The complement system can be activated by:
Antworten
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the chemicals secreted by the lymphocytes
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the proximity of the lymphocytes to the antigens.
-
the shapes of receptors on the lymphocyte's plasma membrane
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producing toxins.
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the following can activate complement?
Antworten
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T Cells
-
Interferon
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Properdin
-
Lymphokin
Frage 25
Frage
Which of the following is true of lymphokines?
Antworten
-
They are produced by B cells.
-
They inhibit macrophage activity
-
Lymphotoxin is an example of a lymphokine
-
They are produced by helper T cells
Frage 26
Frage
Specific immunity is controlled by two classes of lymphocytes called:
Antworten
-
antigens and antibodies
-
T cells and B cells
-
red blood cells and white blood cells
-
agglutinogens and agglutinins
Frage 27
Frage
Which of the following can activate, or turn on, an inactive B cell?
Antworten
-
Binding to its specific antibody
-
Binding to its specific antigen
-
Helper T Cell
-
All B cells are activated when an infant is born
Frage 28
Frage
The part of the antibody that combines with the antigen is the:
Antworten
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variable region
-
constant region
-
carbohydrate chain
-
complement-binding site
Frage 29
Frage
The chemical messengers that T cells release into inflamed tissues are called:
Antworten
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pathogens
-
lymphokines
-
lymphotoxins
-
suppressor cells
Frage 30
Frage
The type of immunity produced by vaccination would be ______immunity.
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active natural
-
passive natural
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active artificial
-
passive artificial
Frage 31
Frage
When a child develops measles and acquires immunity to a subsequent infection, this type of immunity is called______immunity.
Antworten
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acquired
-
natural
-
active
-
All of above are correct
Frage 32
Frage
Interferon inhibits the spread of:
Antworten
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viruses
-
bacteria
-
cancer
-
yeast
Frage 33
Frage
Examples of lymphocytes are:
Antworten
-
B cells
-
T cells
-
Both A and B
-
none of the above
Frage 34
Frage
Macrophages sensitize:
Antworten
-
T cells
-
B cells
-
T cells and B cells
-
None of the above
Frage 35
Frage
Which type of cells is not involved in nonspecific immunity?
Antworten
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Monocytes
-
Lymphocytes
-
Neutrophils
-
Macrophages
Frage 36
Frage
Which of the following is not a chemical used as a chemical barrier to pathogens?
Antworten
-
Hydrochloric Acid
-
sebum
-
complement
-
Hydrolyzing enzymes
Frage 37
Frage
Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?
Antworten
-
Heat
-
Redness
-
Swelling
-
All of the above are characteristics of inflammation
Frage 38
Frage
Which antibody has 10 antigen-binding sites?
Antworten
-
IgM
-
IgA
-
IgD
-
IgG
Frage 39
Frage
Which antibody had four antigen-binding sites?
Antworten
-
IgM
-
IgA
-
IgD
-
IgG
Frage 40
Frage
Which antibody has two antigen-binding sites?
Antworten
-
IgM
-
IgA
-
IgG
-
Both A and B
Frage 41
Frage
Which of the following is not caused by complement protein activity?
Antworten
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Vasodilation
-
Agglutination of antigens
-
Cytolysis
-
All of the above are caused by complement protein activity
Frage 42
Frage
The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare our own normal cells is called:
Antworten
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innate immunity
-
nonspecific immunity
-
self-tolerance
-
adaptive immunity
Frage 43
Frage
Adaptive immunity is also called ______immunity
Antworten
-
innate
-
specific
-
nonspecific
-
species
Frage 44
Frage
Which substance produced by the skin contains pathogens-inhibiting agents?
Antworten
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Mucus
-
Enzymes
-
Sebum
Frage 45
Frage
Which substance can destroy pathogens by chemically hydrolyzing them?
Antworten
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Mucus
-
Enzymes
-
Sebum
Frage 46
Frage
Which substance can destroy pathogens by lowering the pH to a level at which they cannot function?
Antworten
-
Hydrochloric acid
-
Mucus
-
Enzymes
-
Sebum
Frage 47
Frage
Which of the following is not part of the inflammation response?
Antworten
-
The release of chemicals that attract white blood cells
-
The formation of antibodies
-
The increase of blood flow to the inflamed area
-
All of the above are part of the inflammation response.
Frage 48
Frage
Which of the following is not part of the inflammation response?
Antworten
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The release of histamine
-
The increase in vascular permeability
-
The stimulation of fibroblast growth
-
All of the above are part of the inflammation response
Frage 49
Frage
When an antigen attaches to a naïve B cell, it becomes a(n) _______cell.
Antworten
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memory
-
plasma
-
effector B
-
All of the above are correct
Frage 50
Frage
In the first stage of their development, B cells are known by all of the following except ______B cells.
Antworten
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effector
-
naive
-
inactive
-
virgin
Frage 51
Frage
If a blood test indicated that a person had a high level of IgM antibodies in the blood, it could be concluded that:
Antworten
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the person's body is responding to a re-exposure to an antigen
-
the person's body is responding to the initial exposure to an antigen
-
the person has an increasing likelihood that he will become allergic to an antigen
-
no conclusion could be made
Frage 52
Frage
Which is the best explanation of how a white blood cell ingests and destroys a microorganism?
Antworten
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The white blood cell engulfs the microorganism and then lysosomal enzymes destroy it
-
The white blood cell allows the microorganism to be absorbed by osmosis and then lysosomal enzymes destroy it.
-
The white blood cell engulfs the microorganism and chemotaxis destroys it
-
The white blood cell allows the microorganism to be absorbed by osmosis and then diapedesis destroys it.
Frage 53
Frage
Which is the best explanation of how complement --a group of 20 inactive enzymes in the plasma and on cell surfaces--is active and produces cytolysis?
Antworten
-
Complement is "turned on" by the presence of bacteria
-
Complement is activated by antibodies to "drill a hole" into foreign cells, thus causing cytolysis
-
Complement causes vasoconstriction and inhibits phagocytosis
-
Both A and B are correct
Frage 54
Frage
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of a(n):
Antworten
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B cell-mediated condition
-
T cell-mediated condition
-
autoimmune condition that is caused by self-antigens being attacked
-
isoimmune condition that is caused by self-antigens being attacked
Frage 55
Frage
When a patient starts to have rejection problems with a transplanted organ, the problems are usually caused by:
Antworten
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a B cell-mediated condition
-
human leukocyte antigens (HALs)
-
self-antigens
-
severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)
Frage 56
Frage
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) damages the immune system by ____cells.
Antworten
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invading memory
-
invading T
-
overproduction of B
-
overproduction of plasma
Frage 57
Frage
Why is it difficult to predict the total number of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases that will result from known HIV-infected patients?
Antworten
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After a person is infected, the signs of AIDS infection might not be apparent for years
-
The current treatment of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) alters the infected cells.
-
Infected cells begin to change only after azidothymidine (AZT) treatment is started.
-
So many people have received the vaccine that there is no way to count who actually is infected
Frage 58
Frage
Which is the best explanation of how immune suppression can be helpful in preventing transplant rejection?
Antworten
-
The immune system sometimes reacts against foreign antigens in the grafted tissue, causing what is often called a rejection syndrome. Immune suppression drugs reduce the immune system's ability to attack the foreign antigens in the donated tissue.
-
Because rejection is caused by an inappropriate and excessive response to self-antigens, giving immune suppression drugs would reduce the effect.
-
Rejecting involves antigen-antibody reactions, mainly IgE triggered by repeated exposure to an allergen, which in this case is the transplanted organ
-
Delayed allergic response occurs with transplanted organs, so immune suppressive drugs would reduce the allergic response and decrease rejection.
Frage 59
Frage
Two-year-old Jenny is undergoing treatment for leukemia and was exposed recently to chickenpox. Her oncologist decided to give her a dose of interferon. What effect was the physician hoping for with this approach?
Antworten
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It would stop the virus from traveling over the sensory nerve of a single dermatome.
-
It would cause an increase in white blood cells.
-
It would inhibit the chickenpox infection from developing
-
It would assist in the development of lymphocytes in the spleen.
Frage 60
Frage
Chris has very bad allergies, especially in the springtime, and is seeking help to overcome her allergic reactions. Why would an antihistamine help Chris be more comfortable?
Antworten
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It would counter the effects of the self-antigen reaction.
-
It would replace the allergen with a different chemical and this reduce her symptoms
-
It would reduce the antigen-antibody reactions cause by the allergen.
-
It would reduce the amount of human leukocyte antigen in her system.
Frage 61
Frage
Steven had mumps as a child. Why did he not experience symptoms at the age of 41 after he was again exposed to the mumps virus?
Antworten
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He had an injection with weakened virus shortly before he was exposed.
-
He had natural passive immunity to ward off the virus.
-
He had artificial passive immunity that he received from his brother after he had the mumps.
-
He developed active immunity as the result of having mumps as a child.
Frage 62
Frage
Lymphocyte that attacks pathogens directly.
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 63
Frage
Ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Non Specific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 64
Frage
Mechanisms that provide specific protection against types of bacteria or toxins
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 65
Frage
Macromolecule that induces the immune system to produces antibodies
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 66
Frage
Mechanisms that resist a variety of threatening agent or conditions
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Anitbody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 67
Frage
Protein produced by the immune system to interfere with the ability of viruses to cause disease
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 68
Frage
Substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 69
Frage
lymphocyte that produces antibodies that attack pathogens or direct other cells to attack them.
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 70
Frage
phagocytic monocyte (nongranular WBC) in the immune system
Antworten
-
Phagocytosis
-
Specific Immunity
-
Macrophage
-
Antibody
-
B Cell
-
Nonspecific Immunity
-
Antigen
-
T Cell
-
Interferon
Frage 71
Frage
antibody that is found in tears and saliva
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Frage 72
Frage
the predominate class of antibody produced after initial contact with an antigen
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Frage 73
Frage
antibody that is associated with allergies
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Frage 74
Frage
antibody whose precise function is not yet known
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Frage 75
Frage
predominant class of antibody produced in the secondary response to an antigen
Antworten
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgD
-
IgE
-
IgA
Frage 76
Frage
A person gets a flu shot to keep from getting the flu
Antworten
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive Immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Frage 77
Frage
a person has had the mumps and is protected from getting them again
Antworten
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Frage 78
Frage
a mother passes antibodies to her baby
Antworten
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
Frage 79
Frage
after exposure to hepatitis A, a person is given a gamma globulin (IgG) shot to keep him from getting hepatitis
Antworten
-
Natural active immunity
-
Natural passive immunity
-
Artificial active immunity
-
Artificial passive immunity
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