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Beschreibung
Karteikarten von allyson.fournier, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von allyson.fournier
vor mehr als 8 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| proton | located in nucleus of atom, tells you what the atom is, positive charge |
| electron | located in electron cloud, decides the chemical behavior of the atom, negative charge |
| neutron | located in nucleus, neutral charge |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| radioactive isotope | had unstable nucleus that breaks down at a constant rate over time |
| valence electrons | outermost electrons |
| chemical bond | bond between atoms, not molecules |
| e- levels | 1st - 2 2nd - 8 3rd - 8 4th - 18 |
| reactive element | CAN form bonds |
| ionic bond | bond between 2 ions; formed when electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another |
| ion | an atom with a positive or negative charge; molecules that have gained or lost electrons |
| covalent bond | share atoms |
| polar and non-polar | don't mix |
| polar | has charges at opposite ends (opposite charges) |
| cohesion | an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | an attraction between molecules of different substances |
| capillary action | combination of cohesion and adhesion |
| high heat capacity | takes a lot of NRG to eat up a substance with a high heat capacity, hard for it to change temperature |
| electronegativity | a PULL that one atom has for another atom's electrons (water is VERY electronegative) |
| solvent | does the disolving |
| solute | what is dissolved in the solvent |
| Why are the properties of H2O important to life? | -milder climates -stable ocean/lake temps (aquatic animals) -helps us (humans) maintain internal temp (sweating, evaporation, etc.) -ice insulates lakes |
| Heat and Cold | in most things, heat=expand and cold=shrink NOT IN WATER: opposite because of H+ bonds |
| acid | a compound that donates a H+ ion to the solution |
| base | a compound that donates OH- to the solution (hydroxide ions) *excess of OH- |
| buffer | can act as an acid or a base to neutralize |
| pH scale | a direct measure of H+; the lower the number, the more acidic it is; 7 is neutral |
| atomic number | # of protons |
| atomic mass | mass of nucleus |
| Why is carbon in every living thing? | because it can form 4 covalent bonds, which can form many structures |
| Carbon structures | -chains -ring -single, double, triple -branch |
| dehydration reaction | gives off water; builds polymers |
| hydrolysis | requires H2O; breaks bonds between monomers |
| Carbohydrates | function: energy, structure |
| monosaccharides | monomer unit; single ex. glucose, galactose, fructose |
| disaccharides | 2 monosaccharides ex. sucrose (glucose + fructose) maltose (2 glucose) lactose (glucose + galactose) |
| Cellulose | -found in plants - gives structure - made of a bunch of glucose molecules |
| lipids | - non-polar - not soluble in water - categories are: fats, oils, waxes -long term storage - insulation (blubber) - steroids and hormones - one section of glycerol, rest long chain of fatty acids |
| saturated fats | solid, single bonds; if carbons have the maximum amount of H+ that they can, then each carbon is saturated |
| unsaturated fats | liquid, can have double bonds; double bonds can cause kinks so it can't fold tight enough to be a solid |
| protein | -macromolecules that contain nitrogen + carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -polymers of molecules called amino acids - most diverse macromolecule |
| Protein functions and examples |
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