It tells facts that have already happened at a specific time or in the past but that continue to have relevance in the present.
To form the present perfect, the auxiliary verb "to have" is used in the present and the past participle of the verb.
I, YOU, WE, THEY + AUX VERB(HAVE)+PAST PARTICIPLE
HE, SHE, IT + AUX VERB(HAS)+ PAST PARTICLE
I have talked to Peter.(He hablado con Peter.)
She has gone to work.(Ha ido a su trabajo.)
We have been to London.(Hemos ido a Londres.)
They have learned English.(Han aprendido inglés.)
I, YOU, WE, THEY + AUX VERB(HAVE NOT)+PAST PARTICIPLE
HE, SHE, IT + AUX VERB(HAS NOT)+ PAST PARTICLE
AUX VERB(HAVE)+ I, YOU, WE, THEY +PAST PARTICIPLE
AUX VERB(HAS)+ HE, SHE, IT + PAST PARTICLE
I haven’t talked to Peter.(No he hablado con Peter.)
She hasn’t gone to work.(No ha ido a su trabajo.)
We haven’t been to London.(No hemos ido a Londres.)
They haven’t learned English.(No han aprendido inglés.)
Have you talked to Peter?(¿Has hablado con Peter?)
Has she gone to work?(¿Ha ido a su trabajo?)
Have you been to London?(¿Has ido a Londres?)
Have they learned English?(¿Han aprendido inglés?)
Note: The present perfect can be used with non-concrete time expressions. (“never”, “ever”, “many times”, “for”, “since”, “already”, “yet”…)