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Forensic Science Midterm study questions

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Forensics Test Chp.1

Question 1 of 39

1

Forensic Science is the application of science to:

Select one of the following:

  • Crime Scene Reconstruction

  • Civil Laws

  • Criminal Laws

  • Both Criminal and civil laws

Explanation

Question 2 of 39

1

The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by:

Select one of the following:

  • Dalton

  • Doyle

  • Darwin

  • Denton

Explanation

Question 3 of 39

1

Who is known as the "father of forensic toxicology"?

Select one of the following:

  • Orfilia

  • Locard

  • Osborn

  • Lattes

Explanation

Question 4 of 39

1

Who developed the system known as anthropometry?

Select one of the following:

  • Bertillion

  • Goddard

  • Gross

  • Galton

Explanation

Question 5 of 39

1

Who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification?

Select one of the following:

  • Gross

  • Lattes

  • Goddard

  • Galton

Explanation

Question 6 of 39

1

Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations?

Select one of the following:

  • Lattes

  • Gross

  • Locard

  • Bertillion

Explanation

Question 7 of 39

1

Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner?

Select one of the following:

  • Goddard

  • Lattes

  • Gross

  • Osborn

Explanation

Question 8 of 39

1

Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?

Select one of the following:

  • Locard

  • Osborn

  • Lattes

  • Gross

Explanation

Question 9 of 39

1

Who established the first workable crime laboratory?

Select one of the following:

  • Galton

  • Bertillon

  • Locard

  • Osborn

Explanation

Question 10 of 39

1

The exchange of evidence principle was theorized be:

Select one of the following:

  • Gross

  • Locard

  • Galton

  • Osborn

Explanation

Question 11 of 39

1

The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the:

Select one of the following:

  • N.Y.C. Police Department

  • FBI

  • Los Angeles Police Department

  • Secret Service

Explanation

Question 12 of 39

1

Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 40 years?

Select one of the following:

  • Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s

  • Staggering increase in crime rates in the United States

  • Advent of DNA profiling

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 39

1

Which entity maintains the largest crime laboratory in the world?

Select one of the following:

  • FBI

  • Royal Canadian Mounted Police

  • Scotland Yard

  • ATF

Explanation

Question 14 of 39

1

Which would NOT be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab?

Select one of the following:

  • Blood typing

  • Comparison of hairs

  • DNA profiling

  • Fingerprint analysis

Explanation

Question 15 of 39

1

Which unit is responsible for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?

Select one of the following:

  • Toxicology unit

  • Physical science unit

  • Evidence collection unit

  • Biology unit

Explanation

Question 16 of 39

1

The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the:

Select one of the following:

  • First Amendment

  • Exclusionary rule

  • Frye standard

  • Miranda warnings

Explanation

Question 17 of 39

1

In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Expert witness

  • Prosecutor

  • Jury

  • Trial judge

Explanation

Question 18 of 39

1

Which of the following is NOT true? An expert witness must be able to demonstrate:

Select one of the following:

  • Skill in trade of profession of interest to the court

  • Significant experience in a relevant field

  • A formal degree in forensic science

  • Education in his/her area of expertise

Explanation

Question 19 of 39

1

The final evaluate of forensic evidence is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Police

  • Jury

  • Accused

  • Prosecutor

Explanation

Question 20 of 39

1

What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene?

Select one of the following:

  • Adequate preservation of samples

  • Competent collection of materials

  • Guilt of the suspect(s)

  • Proper recognition of the evidence

Explanation

Question 21 of 39

1

Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving:

Select one of the following:

  • Murder

  • Child abuse

  • Arson

  • Sexual abust

Explanation

Question 22 of 39

1

Forensic ontology refers to the study of:

Select one of the following:

  • Drugs

  • Pollen

  • Teeth

  • Bones

Explanation

Question 23 of 39

1

Which of the following services are typically provided to law enforcement by crime laboratories?

Select one of the following:

  • Pathology

  • Criminalistics

  • Odontology

  • Psychology

Explanation

Question 24 of 39

1

The case of Coppolino v. State highlights issues dealing with:

Select one of the following:

  • Search and seizure

  • The admissibility of the polygraph

  • The evidential value of confessions

  • The acceptability of new scientific test

Explanation

Question 25 of 39

1

The scientific method requires that scientific evidence be validated by:

Select one of the following:

  • formulating pertinent questions

  • Formulating hypotheticals

  • Performing experiments

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 26 of 39

1

The eleven sections of The American Academy of Forensic Science include all of the following EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • General

  • Arson/Explosives

  • Jurisprudence

  • Criminalistics

Explanation

Question 27 of 39

1

The tendency of the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence and their unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor’s case should always be bolstered and supported by forensic evidence is known as:

Select one of the following:

  • Jurisprudence

  • Locard's Principle

  • The Scientific Method

  • The CSI Effect

Explanation

Question 28 of 39

1

What is the major problem facing the forensic DNA community?

Select one of the following:

  • Contamination of DNA samples by evidence collectors

  • Backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples

  • Lack of recent advancements in DNA technology

  • Existence of computerized DNA databases

Explanation

Question 29 of 39

1

Which unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence?

Select one of the following:

  • Forensic geology

  • Physical Science

  • Toxicology

  • Biology

Explanation

Question 30 of 39

1

Which specialized area of forensic science examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings?

Select one of the following:

  • Forensic jury selection

  • Jurisprudence

  • Forensic psychiatry

  • Forensic psychology

Explanation

Question 31 of 39

1

A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of:

Select one of the following:

  • Forensic computer and digital analysis

  • Forensic error analysis

  • Criminialistics

  • Forensic engineering

Explanation

Question 32 of 39

1

What factor(s) do(es) the court usually take into consideration as sufficient grounds for qualification as an expert witness?

Select one of the following:

  • Experience

  • Training

  • Education

  • All of the Above

Explanation

Question 33 of 39

1

Specially trained personnel called _____ are employed by some crime laboratories on 24-hour call to retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal.

Select one of the following:

  • Evidence officers

  • Crime Scene investigators

  • Evidence technicians

  • Forensic pathologist

Explanation

Question 34 of 39

1

In Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the “gatekeeping” role of a trial judge:

Select one of the following:

  • Was restricted to scientific testimony

  • Applied only to cases involving capital crimes

  • Was subject to appeal by a higher court

  • Applied to all expert testimony

Explanation

Question 35 of 39

1

The judicial case that set forth the most current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in the federal courts is:

Select one of the following:

  • Frye v. United States

  • Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals

  • Coppolino v. State of Florida

  • Mapp v. United States

Explanation

Question 36 of 39

1

The dramatization of forensic science on television has led to a phenomenon known as the

Select one of the following:

  • NCSI effect

  • NYPD effect

  • CSI effect

  • LAPD effect

Explanation

Question 37 of 39

1

The necessity for the forensic scientist to appear in court comes from the U.S. Supreme Court case:

Select one of the following:

  • Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts

  • Crawford v. Washington

  • Coppolino v. State

  • Frye v. United States

Explanation

Question 38 of 39

1

The current system of crime laboratories in the United States can best be described as:

Select one of the following:

  • Centralized

  • Regional

  • Decentralized

  • National

Explanation

Question 39 of 39

1

The lay witness provides testimony that relies on:

Select one of the following:

  • Scientific education

  • Personal opinions

  • Personal knowledge

  • Scientific experience

Explanation