Enrolled Bill Doctrine

Rule of Lenity

Intrinsic Sources

Extrinsic Sources

(Soft) plain meaning rule

Textualism

Intentionalism

Purposivism

Deference to Legislative Power

Plain Meaning Rule

Ambiguity

Absurdity (Golden Rule Exception)

Scrivener's Error

First Comma Rule

Second Comma Rule

Rule of Last Antecedent

In Pari Matera

Rule against Surplusage

Noscitur a sociis
(NAS)

Ejusdem Generis

Expressio Unis Est Exclusio Alterus

Presumption that identical words have identical meaning in the same state

Provisos

Long & Short Titles

Preambles

Judical silence

Absolute Stare Decisis

4 Steps to determine purpose (Heydon's Case)

Using purpose to defeat the Plain Meaning Rule

Borrow statute Cannon

Last Enacted Rule: General v Specific Statutes

Chevron 2 Step