Cell Injury

List and define 5 types of cellular adaptations

List some possible causes of cell injury

What happens as a result of mitochondrial damage?

Describe the gross appearance of an organ which has undergone vacuolar/hydropic degeneration

Describe how hypoxia can lead to extensive vacuolation

Give 2 consequences of carbon tetrachloride induced cell damage

Give 5 features of reversible cell injury

Give 5 features of irreversible cell injury?

Give 3 sources of calcium in cell injury

What happens as a result of increased cytosolic calcium?

How can reactive oxygen species be generated?

Define hypoxia

Possible causes of hypoxia

Which area of the hepatocyte is more sensitive to hypoxia?

Define ischaemia

Possible causes of ischaemia

Describe the pathway of an ischaemia-reperfusion injury

Give 3 effects of oxalate crystals being deposited in renal tubules

Name the enzyme responsible for the conversion of ethylene glycol to oxalate in the liver

Describe the cytoplasmic changes seen in irreversible cell injury

Describe pyknosis

Karyorrhexis

Karyolysis

Name 5 types of necrosis

Name some plants that can cause coagulation necrosis and the species which they affect

Name 3 organs where coagulation necrosis is commonly seen

Bacterial species most commonly responsible for caseation necrosis

Where is liquefactive necrosis commonly seen?

Define liquefaction

Describe the gross appearance of moist gangrene

Describe the gross appearance of dry gangrene

Describe the gross appearance of gas gangrene

How does enzymatic necrosis typically occur

Name 3 disease conditions characterised by necrosis

Triggers of cell death

True or False?
Adjacent inflammation is seen in both apoptosis and necrosis

Name the receptor ligand interactions involved in the apoptosis extrinsic pathway

Describe the apoptotic intrinsic pathway

Name 3 types of intracellular accumulatiom

4 mechanisms of intracellular accumulations

List the common causes of hepatic lipidosis

Gross appearance of fatty liver

Define amyloidosis

What is Congo Red stain used for?

Gross appearance of renal amyloidosis

Lipofuscin

Name 5 haemoglobin breakdown pigments

What is gout?

Main difference between dystrophic and metastatic calcification