NMS Semester 2 Set 5 Quiz - The brain and control of movement 1+2

Question 1 of 44

1

The spinal cord contains CPG's that can produce locomotor patterns without descending influence.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 2 of 44

1

What are the three brain centres that can be imposed on SC circuitry?

Select one or more of the following:

Motor cortex
Visual cortex
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Parietal cortex

Explanation

Question 3 of 44

1

Lateral pathways are associated with control of?

Select one of the following:

Distal flexor muscles
Proximal/axial extensors to control posture

Explanation

Question 4 of 44

1

Ventromedial pathways control what?

Select one of the following:

Distal flexor muscles
Proximal/axial extensors to control posture

Explanation

Question 5 of 44

1

Ventromedial pathways are under control of the brainstem, whereas lateral pathways execute voluntary actions.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 44

1

Name the lateral motor pathways

Select one or more of the following:

Corticospinal
Rubrospinal
Reticulospinal
Tectospinal
Vestibulospinal

Explanation

Question 7 of 44

1

Name the ventromedial motor pathways

Select one or more of the following:

Rubrospinal
Corticospinal
Reticulospinal
Vestibulospinal
Tectospinal

Explanation

Question 8 of 44

1

Where does the vestibulospinal tract run from and what is its function?

Select one or more of the following:

Vestibular nucleus to the spinal cord
Solitary nucleus to the spinal cord
It relays gravitational sensory information from CN VIII and co-ordinates postural responses such as the balance of the head and neck
It relays gravitational sensory information from CN X and co-ordinates postural responses such as the balance of the head and neck

Explanation

Question 9 of 44

1

Where does the tectospinal tract run from and what is its function?

Select one or more of the following:

Vestibular nucleus to the spinal cord
Superior colliculus to the spinal cord
It relays visual information from the visual cortex and retina and orientates the head and eyes
It relays gravitational sensory information from CN VIII and co-ordinates postural responses such as the balance of the head and neck

Explanation

Question 10 of 44

1

The reticulospinal tract originates from the reticular formation.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 44

1

The pontine reticulospinal tract modulates voluntary override of the medullary reticulospinal tract.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 44

1

The pontine reticulospinal tract modulates posture via leg extensors.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 44

1

The motor cortex is the only brain centre required for co-ordinated movement.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 14 of 44

1

What is the function of the supplementary motor area (SMA)?

Select one or more of the following:

Planning and initiation of the final action to be taken
Bimanual coordination
Control of movement sequencing
Control of the distal musculature

Explanation

Question 15 of 44

1

What is the function of the pre-motor cortex?

Select one or more of the following:

Planning and initiation of the final action to be taken
Bimanual coordination
Control of movement sequencing
Control of the distal musculature

Explanation

Question 16 of 44

1

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Select one or more of the following:

Planning and initiation of the final action to be taken
Bimanual coordination
Control of movement sequencing
Control of the distal musculature

Explanation

Question 17 of 44

1

The motor homunculus (the somatotopic arrangement) is evenly distributed for all areas of the body.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 44

1

The SMA, Pre-motor cortex and Primary motor cortex contribute what percentage of motor fibres to the corticospinal tract?

Select one of the following:

50%
25%
40%
70%

Explanation

Question 19 of 44

1

Corticospinal tract fibres innervate small groups of muscle instead of single muscles and encode the force and direction of movement.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 20 of 44

1

Stroke/tumours may damage UMN, what can this lead to?

Select one or more of the following:

Hypertonia
Hypotonia
Hyperreflexia
Hyporeflexia

Explanation

Question 21 of 44

1

UMN damage will affect the side of the body contralateral to the damage. This means UMN damage will affect the same side that the damage occurs.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 22 of 44

1

What is the output of the spino-cerebellum pathway?

Select one or more of the following:

Reticular nucleus
Red nucleus
Vestibular nucleus
Pre-motor cortex

Explanation

Question 23 of 44

1

What is the output of the cerebro-cerebellum pathway?

Select one or more of the following:

Pre-motor cortex
Vestibular nucleus
Red nucleus
Reticular nucleus

Explanation

Question 24 of 44

1

What is the output of the vestibulo-cerebellum pathway?

Select one or more of the following:

Vestibular nucleus
Red nucleus
Reticular nucleus
Pre-motor cortex

Explanation

Question 25 of 44

1

What does the spino-cerebellum tract help to control?

Select one of the following:

Axial musculature and posture
Sends compensatory signals to the primary motor cortex
Control over posture, balance and eye movement.

Explanation

Question 26 of 44

1

What does the cerebro-cerebellum tract help to control?

Select one of the following:

Axial musculature and posture
Sends compensatory signals to the primary motor cortex
Control over posture, balance and eye movement.

Explanation

Question 27 of 44

1

What does the vestibulo-cerebellum tract help to control?

Select one of the following:

Control over posture, balance and eye movement.
Sends compensatory signals to the primary motor cortex
Axial musculature and posture

Explanation

Question 28 of 44

1

Damage to the spino-cerebellum pathway could lead to what?

Select one of the following:

Hypotonia, Ataxia, Dysmetria
Asynergy, Ataxia, Dysarthia
Slow saccade impairment, nystagmus

Explanation

Question 29 of 44

1

Damage to the cerebro-cerebellum pathway could lead to what?

Select one of the following:

Asynergy, Ataxia, Dysarthia
Hypotonia, Ataxia, Dysmetria
Slow saccades, nystagmus

Explanation

Question 30 of 44

1

Damage to the vestibulo-cerebellum pathway could lead to what?

Select one of the following:

Slow saccades, nystagmus
Asynergy, Ataxia, Dysarthia
Hypotonia, Ataxia, Dysmetria

Explanation

Question 31 of 44

1

The vestibulo-ocular reflex is performed by the vestibulo-cerebellum pathway and samples visual disparities. It then provides a correction signal to do what?

Select one of the following:

Keep an observed image on the retina as the head moves via oculomotor muscles
Make sure the oculomotor muscles contract to a proper extent
Turn the eyes in the same direction as head movement

Explanation

Question 32 of 44

1

The function of the cerebellum overall is to act as...?

Select one or more of the following:

A sampler - compare inputs and make necessary changes
A timer - coordinating smooth movements
A predictor - executing movements from learnt behaviour
To modulate posture

Explanation

Question 33 of 44

1

Name 1. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.

Select one of the following:

Stratium
Globus Pallidus external
Sub thalamic nucleus
Cortex

Explanation

Question 34 of 44

1

Name 2. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.

Select one of the following:

Stratium
Globus Pallidus external
Sub thalamic nucleus
Cortex

Explanation

Question 35 of 44

1

Name 3. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.

Select one of the following:

Stratium
Globus Pallidus external
Sub thalamic nucleus
Cortex

Explanation

Question 36 of 44

1

Name 4. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.

Select one of the following:

Cortex
Striatum
Globus Pallidus external
Sub thalamic nucleus

Explanation

Question 37 of 44

1

Name the hypokinetic disorder

Select one of the following:

Parkinsons
Huntingtons

Explanation

Question 38 of 44

1

Name the hyperkinetic disorder

Select one of the following:

Parkinsons
Huntingtons

Explanation

Question 39 of 44

1

In parkinsons, the death of SNc dopaminergic neurons has what effect on cortex feedback?

Select one of the following:

Decreased stimulation of the striatium leads to less inhibitory drive and therefore higher excitatory drive from the sub-thalamic nucleus, leading to excessive stimulation of an inhibitory signal to the thalamus and thus excitatory signals back to the cortex are reduced. (hypokineticism)
Decreased stimulation of the striatium leads to less inhibitory drive and therefore higher excitatory drive from the sub-thalamic nucleus, leading to excessive stimulation of an inhibitory signal to the thalamus and thus excitatory signals back to the cortex are increased. (hyperkineticism)

Explanation

Question 40 of 44

1

In huntingtons, the lack of an inhibitory striatum signal to the GPe leads to what?

Select one of the following:

Lack of an inhibitory signal to the GPe means that the GPe sends out excess inhibitory signals to the STN. The STN is therefore inhibited and sends out fewer excitatory signals to the SNr/GPi. This in turn causes fewer inhibitory signals to the thalamus and therefore excitatory signals from the thalamus to the cortex increase.
Lack of an excitatory signal to the GPe means that the GPe sends out excess inhibitory signals to the STN. The STN is therefore inhibited and sends out fewer excitatory signals to the SNr/GPi. This in turn causes fewer inhibitory signals to the thalamus and therefore excitatory signals from the thalamus to the cortex increase.

Explanation

Question 41 of 44

1

What are the symptoms of parkinsons?

Select one or more of the following:

Tremor
Akinesia
Bradykinesia
Excessive movement
Rapid motor patterns

Explanation

Question 42 of 44

1

What are the symptoms of huntingtons?

Select one or more of the following:

Tremor
Akinesia
Bradykinesia
Excessive movement
Rapid motor patterns

Explanation

Question 43 of 44

1

What is ataxia and is it usually associated with basal ganglia or cerebellar dysfunction?

Select one or more of the following:

Basal ganglia
Cerebellar dysfunction
Slow movement
Lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements

Explanation

Question 44 of 44

1

Basal ganglia disorders such as Parkinson's have symptoms such as an intention tremor.

Select one of the following:

True
False

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NMS Semester 2 Set 5 Quiz - The brain and control of movement 1+2

NMS Semester 2 Set 5 Quiz - The brain and control of movement 1+2

Question 1 of 44

The spinal cord contains CPG's that can produce locomotor patterns without descending influence.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 44

What are the three brain centres that can be imposed on SC circuitry?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 44

Lateral pathways are associated with control of?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 44

Ventromedial pathways control what?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 44

Ventromedial pathways are under control of the brainstem, whereas lateral pathways execute voluntary actions.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 44

Name the lateral motor pathways

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 44

Name the ventromedial motor pathways

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 44

Where does the vestibulospinal tract run from and what is its function?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 44

Where does the tectospinal tract run from and what is its function?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 44

The reticulospinal tract originates from the reticular formation.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 44

The pontine reticulospinal tract modulates voluntary override of the medullary reticulospinal tract.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 44

The pontine reticulospinal tract modulates posture via leg extensors.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 44

The motor cortex is the only brain centre required for co-ordinated movement.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 44

What is the function of the supplementary motor area (SMA)?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 44

What is the function of the pre-motor cortex?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 44

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 44

The motor homunculus (the somatotopic arrangement) is evenly distributed for all areas of the body.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 44

The SMA, Pre-motor cortex and Primary motor cortex contribute what percentage of motor fibres to the corticospinal tract?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 44

Corticospinal tract fibres innervate small groups of muscle instead of single muscles and encode the force and direction of movement.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 44