Human immunodeficiency virus

Congenital anomalies

Motor vehicle accidents

Low birthweight

"The PNP functions similar to the physician's assistant, so you should be perfectly at ease."

"The child may be seen by the physician instead if you like."

"Seeing the PNP is just one more step in having your child evaluated in this setting."

"The PNP is an experienced RN with advanced education in the diagnosis and treatment of children."

Pregnancy counseling

Depression

Contraception

Tuberculosis

Academic difficulties, violence, and other mental health issues

The number of children with chronic illness at the school

Statistics related to health insurance coverage of the children

HIV infection, asthma, and respiratory allergy testing

Encourage the mother to emphasize the inappropriate behavior

Wait for an hour or so before enforcing the discipline

Have the child spend 2 minutes in time-out

Withhold a privilege from the toddler for a week

The children of immigrants have better access to preventive care

The children of immigrants have limited involvement in activities due to the language barrier

The children of immigrants lack adequate support systems

The children of immigrants face increased stressors due to relocation

Exposure to family violence

Limited involvement in social activities

Inconsistency of parental support

Commitment to academic performance

"It's okay to start puréed solids at this age if fed via the bottle."

"Infants don't require solid food until 12 months of age."

"Solid foods should be delayed until age 6 months."

"The tongue extrusion reflex disappears at age 4 to 6 months, making it a good time to start solid foods."

"She just needs love and attention. Don't worry; she's too young to spoil."

"Consistently meeting the infant's needs helps promote a sense of trust."

"Infants need to be fed and cleaned; if you're sure those needs are met, just let her cry."

"Consistency in meeting needs is important, but you're right, holding her too much will spoil her."

Crying when left with the sitter may indicate difficulty with building trust

Stranger anxiety should not occur until toddler-hood; this concern should be investigated

Separation anxiety is normal at this age; the infant recognizes parents as separate beings

Perhaps the sitter doesn't meet the infant's needs; choose a different sitter

"Start brushing her teeth after all the baby teeth come in."

"Use a washcloth with toothpaste to clean her mouth."

"Clean your baby's gums, then new teeth, with a washcloth."

"Rinse your baby's mouth with water after every feeding."

Normal because the child is hospitalized and out of his routine

Problematic, as it interferes with needed nursing care

Normal for this stage of growth and development

The toddler should have a developmental evaluation as soon as possible

If the mother would read to the child, then speech would develop faster

Receptive language normally develops earlier than expressive language

The mother should ask her child's physician for a speech therapy evaluation

Encourage cup drinking and give water between meals and snacks

Encourage unlimited milk intake, because toddlers need the protein for growth

Avoid sugar-sweetened fruit drinks and allow as much natural fruit juice as desired

Allow the toddler unlimited access to the sippy cup to ensure adequate hydration

Immediately pick the toddler up from the mother's lap

Kneel in front of the toddler while he or she is on the mother's lap

Do the nursing tasks quickly so the toddler can play

Ask the toddler if it is okay if you begin the needed task

Problematic; the child is old enough to begin to have a basis in reality

Normal, because the child is hospitalized and out of her routine

Normal for this stage of growth and development

Problematic, as it interferes with needed nursing care

Hesitancy and dysfluency are normal during this period of development

Reading to the child will help model appropriate speech

Expressive language concerns warrant a developmental evaluation

The mother should ask her child's physician for a speech therapy evaluation

If spanking is not working, then time-out is not likely to be helpful either

Place the child in time-out for 4 minutes

Use time-out only if removing privileges is unsuccessful

The child should stay in time-out until crying ceases