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Prather Exam 2

Prather Exam 2

Question 1 of 55

1

The two divisions of the central nervous system are the:

Select one of the following:

  • Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

  • Brain and spinal cord

  • Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

  • Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Explanation

Question 2 of 55

1

What are the two parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Select one of the following:

  • Central nervous system and somatic nervous system

  • Cerebrum and cerebellum

  • Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

  • Brain and spinal cord

Explanation

Question 3 of 55

1

Which division of the peripheral nervous system consists of neurons sending messages out to the voluntary muscles of the body?

Select one of the following:

  • Autonomic

  • Sympathetic

  • Somatic

  • Central

Explanation

Question 4 of 55

1

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from the side?

Select one of the following:

  • Coronal

  • Sagittal

  • Horizontal

  • Commuter

Explanation

Question 5 of 55

1

If you were looking up at the bottom surface of a brain, where the cranial nerves are visible, which surface would you be viewing?

Select one of the following:

  • Ventral

  • Dorsal

  • Anterior

  • Posterior

Explanation

Question 6 of 55

1

If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the same side, they are said to be ___________ to each other.

Select one of the following:

  • Medial

  • Lateral

  • Contralateral

  • Ipsilateral

Explanation

Question 7 of 55

1

The pituitary gland would be positioned ___________ relative to the hypothalamus?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior

  • Posterior

  • Dorsal

  • Ventral

Explanation

Question 8 of 55

1

Which of the following is decreased by activity in the sympathetic nervous system?

Select one of the following:

  • Muscle contraction

  • Heart rate

  • Digestive activity

  • Breathing rate

Explanation

Question 9 of 55

1

When the parasympathetic nervous system is active, which of the following is true?

Select one of the following:

  • Pupils in the eye dilate

  • Digestion slows

  • Perspiration increases

  • Pupils in the eye constrict

Explanation

Question 10 of 55

1

Which neurotransmitter is used by the post-ganglionic neuron of the sympathetic nervous system?

Select one of the following:

  • Dopamine

  • Serotonin

  • Acetylcholine

  • Norepinephrine

Explanation

Question 11 of 55

1

Which of the following is correct about the autonomic nervous system?

Select one of the following:

  • The sympathetic nervous system uses short postganglionic fibers

  • The parasympathetic nervous system uses long pre-ganglionic fibers

  • The sympathetic nervous system uses long pre-ganglionic fibers

  • The sympathetic nervous system comes from the top and bottom of the spinal cord (cervical and sacral regions)

Explanation

Question 12 of 55

1

What is a valley or groove on the surface of the brain called?

Select one of the following:

  • Gyrus

  • Sulcus

  • Column

  • Lamina

Explanation

Question 13 of 55

1

Which of the following hindbrain structures is involved in regulating balance and the sequencing of timed motor behaviors?

Select one of the following:

  • Pons

  • Medulla

  • Cerebellum

  • Reticular formation

Explanation

Question 14 of 55

1

The hindbrain includes which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Telencephalon and diencephalon

  • Metencephalon and myelencephalon

  • Mesencephalon and diencephalon

  • Myelencephalonn and telencephalon

Explanation

Question 15 of 55

1

The neurons in the medulla have a number of functions, including:

Select one of the following:

  • Maintaining heart rate

  • Relaying visual information

  • Motor control

  • Balance and sequencing of movement

Explanation

Question 16 of 55

1

The reticular activating system serves the primary function of:

Select one of the following:

  • Maintaining heart rate

  • Arousing the brain

  • Motor control

  • Balance and sequencing of movement

Explanation

Question 17 of 55

1

Which of the following cranial nerves receives sensory information from the digestive tract and regulates heart rate?

Select one of the following:

  • Abducens (VI)

  • Trigeminal (V)

  • Spinal accessory (XI)

  • Vagus (X)

Explanation

Question 18 of 55

1

Which cranial nerve is used to receive sensory information for the sense of smell?

Select one of the following:

  • I

  • II

  • V

  • VII

Explanation

Question 19 of 55

1

The enervation of the lower face is from cranial nerve number:

Select one of the following:

  • I

  • II

  • V

  • VII

Explanation

Question 20 of 55

1

The enervation of the upper face by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is:

Select one of the following:

  • Strictly contralateral

  • Strictly ipsilateral

  • Bilateral

  • Medially controlled

Explanation

Question 21 of 55

1

Which of the following would not be found in the midbrain?

Select one of the following:

  • Superior colliculus

  • Basal ganglia

  • Tectum

  • Substantia nigra

Explanation

Question 22 of 55

1

The limbic system is important for:

Select one of the following:

  • Visual and auditory pathways

  • Motor coordination

  • Emotion and memory

  • Perceiving three-dimensional objects

Explanation

Question 23 of 55

1

Which of the following limbic system structures would be most involved in the regulation of emotional responses involving dominance and submission?

Select one of the following:

  • Hippocampus

  • Amygdala

  • Cingulate gyrus

  • Mammillary bodies

Explanation

Question 24 of 55

1

Which of the following neural structures use the neurotransmitter serotonin?

Select one of the following:

  • Locus coeruleus

  • Raphe nucleus

  • Substantia nigra

  • Periacqueductal gray

Explanation

Question 25 of 55

1

The Diencephalon includes which two major structures?

Select one of the following:

  • Hippocampus and amygdala

  • Superior and inferior colliculi

  • Thalamus and hypothalamus

  • Caudate nucleus and putamen

Explanation

Question 26 of 55

1

Which brain structure is involved in the process of eating, drinking, temperature regulation, and sexual behavior?

Select one of the following:

  • Midbrain

  • Hippocampus

  • Hypothalamus

  • Cerebellum

Explanation

Question 27 of 55

1

Which of the following structures are involved specifically in the regulation of eating behaviors?

Select one of the following:

  • Lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus

  • Pulvinar and putamen

  • Superior and inferior colliculi

  • Hippocampus and parahippocampus

Explanation

Question 28 of 55

1

Which structure is not part of the basal ganglia?

Select one of the following:

  • Caudate nucleus

  • Globus pallidus

  • Putamen

  • Fornix

Explanation

Question 29 of 55

1

Which of the following structures would be found in the hypothalamus (and used to regulate sleep-wake cycles)?

Select one of the following:

  • Lateral geniculate nucleus

  • Medial geniculate nucleus

  • Suprachiasmatic nucleus

  • Arcuate fasiculus

Explanation

Question 30 of 55

1

The basal ganglia is the most involved in the process of:

Select one of the following:

  • Vision

  • Memory and emotion

  • Muscle control

  • Sleeping

Explanation

Question 31 of 55

1

Which of the following brain structures is involved in most of the sensory pathways, before they reach cortex?

Select one of the following:

  • Hypothalamus

  • Thalamus

  • Hippocampus

  • Cingulated gyrus

Explanation

Question 32 of 55

1

What is the primary lobe of the cerebral cortex used for auditory sensations?

Select one of the following:

  • Occipital

  • Parietal

  • Temporal

  • Frontal

Explanation

Question 33 of 55

1

Which of the following Is the largest of the connections between the hemispheres?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior commissure

  • Posterior commissure

  • Massa intermedia

  • Corpus callosum

Explanation

Question 34 of 55

1

Which of the following is the correct pairing of neurotransmitter and anatomical structure which are lost in Parkinson’s disease?

Select one of the following:

  • Locus coeruleus-norepinephrine

  • Raphe nucleus-serotonin

  • Cerebral gray-endogenous opiates

  • Substantia nigra-dopamine

Explanation

Question 35 of 55

1

What process involves the conversion of physical energy from some external stimulus into an electrochemical pattern in the neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • Coding

  • Transduction

  • Reception

  • Reconstitution

Explanation

Question 36 of 55

1

The center of vision at the back of the eye is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Retina

  • Cornea

  • Pupil

  • Macula

Explanation

Question 37 of 55

1

The majority of the eye’s refractory power to focus light before reaching the retina, the person would have which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • fovea

  • cornea

  • lens

  • pupil

Explanation

Question 38 of 55

1

If the optics of the eye are too strong and focus light before reaching the retina, the person would have the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Myopia

  • Hyperopia

  • Emmetropia

  • Astigmatism

Explanation

Question 39 of 55

1

Myopia and hyperopia oftentimes are due to:

Select one of the following:

  • Buildup of pressure in the eye

  • Loss of elasticity of the lens with age

  • Deterioration of the retina

  • A misshaping of the eyeball

Explanation

Question 40 of 55

1

Glaucoma is:

Select one of the following:

  • Buildup of pressure in the eye

  • Loss of elasticity of the lens with age

  • Deterioration of the retina

  • A misshaping of the eyeball

Explanation

Question 41 of 55

1

Astigmatism is:

Select one of the following:

  • The sclerosis of the lens from aging

  • A symptom of glaucoma

  • Due to a misshapen cornea

  • Due to having a concave lens

Explanation

Question 42 of 55

1

The lens relies on the _______ for its source of nourishment.

Select one of the following:

  • Capillaries

  • Cardiovascular system

  • Vitreous humor

  • Aqueous humor

Explanation

Question 43 of 55

1

Which of the following cell types is not found in the retina?

Select one of the following:

  • Bipolar cell

  • Amacrine cell

  • Geniculate cell

  • Ganglion cell

Explanation

Question 44 of 55

1

You’re looking right at some particular visual target. You’re looking at it with your:

Select one of the following:

  • Optic disk

  • Nasal retina

  • Choroid

  • Fovea

Explanation

Question 45 of 55

1

If someone says that you have blue eyes, what they really mean is that you have blue:

Select one of the following:

  • Retinas

  • Irises

  • Corneas

  • Pupils

Explanation

Question 46 of 55

1

In the human eye you would find the greatest concentration of rods:

Select one of the following:

  • In the center of the fovea

  • Near the far periphery of the retina

  • At the optic disk

  • 10-15 degrees away from the fovea

Explanation

Question 47 of 55

1

Cones are primarily located:

Select one of the following:

  • At the optic disk

  • In the periphery of the retina

  • In the pupils

  • At fovea

Explanation

Question 48 of 55

1

What is the correct order of cells straight through the retina, after information has been transduced?

Select one of the following:

  • Receptor cells, then ganglion cells, then bipolar cells

  • Ganglion cells, then receptor cells, then bipolar cells

  • Bipolar cells, then receptor cells, then ganglion cells

  • Receptor cells, then bipolar cells, then ganglion cells

Explanation

Question 49 of 55

1

Which kind of cell would be most involved in conveying information laterally across the retina?

Select one of the following:

  • Rods and cones

  • Bipolar cells

  • Amacrine cells

  • Ganglion cells

Explanation

Question 50 of 55

1

In comparison to the rods, what is true about the cones?

Select one of the following:

  • They are more common toward the periphery of the retina.

  • They are more sensitive to specific wavelength information

  • They are more sensitive to dim light

  • They are more common in rodents and other nocturnal animals

Explanation

Question 51 of 55

1

A protanope would be missing the:

Select one of the following:

  • S cone type

  • M cone type

  • L cone type

  • Rod photopigment

Explanation

Question 52 of 55

1

Which of the following is least associated with the opponent-process theory of color vision?

Select one of the following:

  • Afterimages

  • LGN “red/green” cells

  • Color contrast

  • Having 3 types of cones

Explanation

Question 53 of 55

1

Which of the following would be one of the visual systems color channels?

Select one of the following:

  • Red-blue channel

  • Red-green channel

  • Blue-green channel

  • Yellow-purple channel

Explanation

Question 54 of 55

1

If a human had a single cone type that was maximally sensitive to wavelengths in the ultraviolet frequency ranges (say less than 400 nm), with no overlapping spectral sensitivities compared to the other cone types, what “color” would a light in the region of the spectrum appear to be?

Select one of the following:

  • Deep violet

  • Intense red

  • Black

  • White

Explanation

Question 55 of 55

1

In which are of the brain is color most likely to be processed:

Select one of the following:

  • Area MT and MST

  • Area V3

  • Area V4

  • Area V5

Explanation

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