IBS Set 6 Quiz - Embryology - Semester 2 Recap.

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What is the following structure called?

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The primitive streak is indicative of gastrulation occuring.

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The ectoderm gives rise to...

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The mesoderm gives rise to...

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The endoderm gives rise to...

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The notochord forms from the notochordal plate in a cranial to caudal sequence.

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What substances does the primitive node release?

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The function of NODAL is...

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The function of BMP4 is...

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The function of Noggin is...

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Neurulation is folding of the neural plate which continues until formation of a neural tube. The closure disconnects the neural crest from the ectoderm, also forming neural crest cells.

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The notochord releases BMP that patterns the ventral side of the neural tube which gives the precursor to the motor neurones of the ventral spinal cord

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Neural crest cells are formed when the neural tube closes and detaches from the ectoderm. Give some examples of where they may migrate and what structures develop.

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Spina Bifida is caused by failure of the neural tube to close.

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NODAL helps to establish internal asymmetry.

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Mutations in SHH leads to lack of bilateral symmetry and development of conditions like cyclopsia.

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Hox genes control body segmentation; essentially determining what section of the body will become what particular limb etc.

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The visceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?

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The parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to what structures?

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The intermediate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?

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The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the dermatome become?

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The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the myotome become?

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The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the sclerotome become?

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What structures may the pharyngeal pouches give rise to?

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Neural crest cells migrate to the pharyngeal arches. Failure of migration can lead to conditions such as spina bifida.

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What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

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What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

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What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

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What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 4th pharyngeal arch?

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What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 6th pharyngeal arch?

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The medial nasal prominences fuse to form the secondary palate.

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The maxillary prominences fuse to form the secondary palate.