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Context
Religion
The language of the Church
The centrality of Christian observance
Darwin and geology
Context
Women
The predominance of male authors
The rise of the novel
Women
Literacy
Working class girls
Middle and Upper class girls
The prevalence of death
Context
Poverty
The irony of fate
A moral force
Context
Industrial Revolution
Social mobility
Context
Class in 19th century fiction
Gentility
Examples
Victorian definition of class
Victorian attitudes to class
Working class aspirations
Living conditions
The bourgeoisie
The breakdown of class divisions
Context
Industrialization
Housing concerns
Literary portrayals of town and country
The Great Exhibition
Textile manufacture
First industrial revolution
The second revolution
The railways
Context
The British empire
Cultural Imperialism
Nineteenth century novels
Nineteenth century novels
An age of optimism
