SYO-601

1.Which of the following allows for functional test data to be used in new systems for testing and training
purposes to protect the read data?
A. Data encryption
B. Data masking
C. Data deduplication
D. Data minimization

2.A network engineer needs to build a solution that will allow guests at the company’s headquarters to
access the Internet via WiFi. This solution should not allow access to the internal corporate network, but it
should require guests to sign off on the acceptable use policy before accessing the Internet.
Which of the following should the engineer employ to meet these requirements?
A. Implement open PSK on the APs
B. Deploy a WAF
C. Configure WIPS on the APs
D. Install a captive portal

3.Which of the following policies would help an organization identify and mitigate potential single points of
failure in the company’s IT/security operations?
A. Least privilege
B. Awareness training
C. Separation of duties
D. Mandatory vacation

4.In which of the following risk management strategies would cybersecurity insurance be used?
A. Transference
B. Avoidance
C. Acceptance
D. Mitigation

5.A company's Chief Information Office (CIO) is meeting with the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
to plan some activities to enhance the skill levels of the company's developers.
Which of the following would be MOST suitable for training the developers'?
A. A capture-the-flag competition
B. A phishing simulation
C. Physical security training
D. Baste awareness training

6.A manufacturer creates designs for very high security products that are required to be protected and
controlled by the government regulations. These designs are not accessible by corporate networks or the
The safer , easier way to help you pass Internet. Which of the following is the BEST solution to protect these designs?
A. An air gap
B. A Faraday cage
C. A shielded cable
D. A demilitarized zone

7.A company has drafted an insider-threat policy that prohibits the use of external storage devices.
Which of the following would BEST protect the company from data exfiltration via removable media?
A. Monitoring large data transfer transactions in the firewall logs
B. Developing mandatory training to educate employees about the removable media policy
C. Implementing a group policy to block user access to system files
D. Blocking removable-media devices and write capabilities using a host-based security tool

8.An organization just experienced a major cyberattack modem. The attack was well coordinated
sophisticated and highly skilled.
Which of the following targeted the organization?
A. Shadow IT
B. An insider threat
C. A hacktivist
D. An advanced persistent threat

9.Company engineers regularly participate in a public Internet forum with other engineers throughout the
industry.
Which of the following tactics would an attacker MOST likely use in this scenario?
A. Watering-hole attack
B. Credential harvesting
C. Hybrid warfare
D. Pharming

10.Which of the following relets to applications and systems that are used within an organization without
consent or approval?
A. Shadow IT
B. OSINT
C. Dark web
D. Insider threats

11.Which of the following would be BEST to establish between organizations that have agreed cooperate
and are engaged in early discussion to define the responsibilities of each party, but do not want to establish a contractually binding agreement?
A. An SLA
B. An NDA
C. A BPA
D. A MOU

12.A security administrator checks the table of a network switch, which shows the following output:
Which of the following is happening to this switch?
A. MAC Flooding
B. DNS poisoning
C. MAC cloning
D. ARP poisoning

A system administrator needs to implement an access control scheme that will allow an object’s
access policy be determined by its owner.
Which of the following access control schemes BEST fits the requirements?
A. Role-based access control
B. Discretionary access control
C. Mandatory access control
D. Attribute-based access control

An organization wants to implement a third factor to an existing multifactor authentication. The
organization already uses a smart card and password.
Which of the following would meet the organization’s needs for a third factor?
A. Date of birth
B. Fingerprints
C. PIN
D. TPM

Which of the following BEST describes a security exploit for which a vendor patch is not readily
available?
A. Integer overflow
B. Zero-day
C. End of life
D. Race condition

A network administrator needs to build out a new datacenter, with a focus on resiliency and uptime.
Which of the following would BEST meet this objective? (Choose two.)
A. Dual power supply
B. Off-site backups
C. Automatic OS upgrades
D. NIC teaming
E. Scheduled penetration testing
F. Network-attached storage

A financial organization has adopted a new secure, encrypted document-sharing application to help
with its customer loan process. Some important PII needs to be shared across this new platform, but it is
getting blocked by the DLP systems.
Which of the following actions will BEST allow the PII to be shared with the secure application without
compromising the organization’s security posture?
A. Configure the DLP policies to allow all PII
B. Configure the firewall to allow all ports that are used by this application
C. Configure the antivirus software to allow the application
D. Configure the DLP policies to whitelist this application with the specific PII
E. Configure the application to encrypt the PII

An organization has implemented a policy requiring the use of conductive metal lockboxes for
personal electronic devices outside of a secure research lab.
Which of the following did the organization determine to be the GREATEST risk to intellectual property
when creating this policy?
A. The theft of portable electronic devices
B. Geotagging in the metadata of images
C. Bluesnarfing of mobile devices
D. Data exfiltration over a mobile hotspot

Which of the following organizational policies are MOST likely to detect fraud that is being conducted
by existing employees? (Select TWO).
A. Offboarding
B. Mandatory vacation
C. Job rotation
D. Background checks
E. Separation of duties
F. Acceptable use

Which of the following scenarios BEST describes a risk reduction technique?
A. A security control objective cannot be met through a technical change, so the company purchases
insurance and is no longer concerned about losses from data breaches.
B. A security control objective cannot be met through a technical change, so the company implements a
policy to train users on a more secure method of operation.
C. A security control objective cannot be met through a technical change, so the company changes as
method of operation
D. A security control objective cannot be met through a technical change, so the Chief Information Officer
(CIO) decides to sign off on the risk.

An organization with a low tolerance for user inconvenience wants to protect laptop hard drives against loss or data theft.
Which of the following would be the MOST acceptable?
A. SED
B. HSM
C. DLP
D. TPM

A company processes highly sensitive data and senior management wants to protect the sensitive
data by utilizing classification labels.
Which of the following access control schemes would be BEST for the company to implement?
A. Discretionary
B. Rule-based
C. Role-based
D. Mandatory

A company provides mobile devices to its users to permit access to email and enterprise applications.
The company recently started allowing users to select from several different vendors and device models.
When configuring the MDM, which of the following is a key security implication of this heterogeneous
device approach?
A. The most common set of MDM configurations will become the effective set of enterprise mobile
security controls.
B. All devices will need to support SCEP-based enrollment; therefore, the heterogeneity of the chosen
architecture may unnecessarily expose private keys to adversaries.
C. Certain devices are inherently less secure than others, so compensatory controls will be needed to
address the delta between device vendors.
D. MDMs typically will not support heterogeneous deployment environments, so multiple MDMs will need to be installed and configured.

An engineer wants to access sensitive data from a corporate-owned mobile device. Personal data is
not allowed on the device. Which of the following MDM configurations must be considered when the
engineer travels for business?
A. Screen locks
B. Application
management
C. Geofencing
D. Containerization

A technician needs to prevent data loss in a laboratory. The laboratory is not connected to any external
networks. Which of the following methods would BEST prevent the exfiltration of data? (Select TWO).
A. VPN
B. Drive encryption
C. Network firewall
D. File level encryption
E. USB blocker
F. MFA

A security analyst is looking for a solution to help communicate to the leadership team the seventy
levels of the organization’s vulnerabilities. Which of the following would BEST meet this need?
A. CVE
B. SIEM
C. SOAR
D. CVSS

A cybersecurity administrator needs to add disk redundancy for a critical server. The solution must
have a two- drive failure for better fault tolerance.
Which of the following RAID levels should the administrator select?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 5
D. 6

Which of the following scenarios would make a DNS sinkhole effective in thwarting an attack?
A. An attacker is sniffing traffic to port 53, and the server is managed using unencrypted usernames and
passwords.
B. An organization is experiencing excessive traffic on port 53 and suspects an attacker is trying to DoS
the domain name server.
C. Malware trying to resolve an unregistered domain name to determine if it is running in an isolated
sandbox
D. Routing tables have been compromised, and an attacker is rerouting traffic to malicious websites

A security administrator needs to create a RAID configuration that is focused on high read speeds and
fault tolerance. It is unlikely that multiple drivers will fail simultaneously.
Which of the following RAID configurations should the administration use?
A. RA1D 0
B. RAID1
C. RAID 5
D. RAID 10

A symmetric encryption algorithm Is BEST suited for:
A. key-exchange scalability.
B. protecting large amounts of data.
C. providing hashing capabilities,
D. implementing non-repudiation.

A software developer needs to perform code-execution testing, black-box testing, and non-functional
testing on a new product before its general release.
Which of the following BEST describes the tasks the developer is conducting?
A. Verification
B. Validation
C. Normalization
D. Staging

An analyst needs to identify the applications a user was running and the files that were open before
the user’s computer was shut off by holding down the power button.
Which of the following would MOST likely contain that information?
A. NGFW
B. Pagefile
C. NetFlow
D. RAM

A small company that does not have security staff wants to improve its security posture.
Which of the following would BEST assist the company?
A. MSSP
B. SOAR
C. IaaS
D. PaaS

A security analyst reviews the datacenter access logs for a fingerprint scanner and notices an
abundance of errors that correlate with users' reports of issues accessing the facility. Which of the following MOST likely the cause of the cause of the access issues?
A. False rejection
B. Cross-over error rate
C. Efficacy rale
D. Attestation

A company's Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) recently warned the security manager that the
company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is planning to publish a controversial option article in a national
newspaper, which may result in new cyberattacks.
Which of the following would be BEST for the security manager to use in a threat mode?
A. Hacktivists
B. White-hat hackers
C. Script kiddies
D. Insider threats

A university with remote campuses, which all use different service providers, loses Internet
connectivity across all locations. After a few minutes, Internet and VoIP services are restored, only to go
offline again at random intervals, typically within four minutes of services being restored. Outages
continue throughout the day, impacting all inbound and outbound connections and services. Services that
are limited to the local LAN or WiFi network are not impacted, but all WAN and VoIP services are affected.
Later that day, the edge-router manufacturer releases a CVE outlining the ability of an attacker to exploit
the SIP protocol handling on devices, leading to resource exhaustion and system reloads.
Which of the following BEST describe this type of attack? (Choose two.)
A. DoS
B. SSL stripping
C. Memory leak
D. Race condition
E. Shimming
F. Refactoring

When used at the design stage, which of the following improves the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of
a database?
A. Tokenization
B. Data masking
C. Normalization
D. Obfuscation

A security analyst needs to implement an MDM solution for BYOD users that will allow the company to
retain control over company emails residing on the devices and limit data exfiltration that might occur if
the devices are lost or stolen. Which of the following would BEST meet these requirements? (Select TWO).
A. Full-device encryption
B. Network usage rules
C. Geofencing
D. Containerization
E. Application
whitelisting
F. Remote control

An analyst needs to set up a method for securely transferring files between systems. One of the
requirements is to authenticate the IP header and the payload.
Which of the following services would BEST meet the criteria?
A. TLS
B. PFS
C. ESP
D. AH

A security administrator currently spends a large amount of time on common security tasks, such aa
report generation, phishing investigations, and user provisioning and deprovisioning This prevents the
administrator from spending time on other security projects. The business does not have the budget to
add more staff members.
Which of the following should the administrator implement?
A. DAC
B. ABAC
C. SCAP
D. SOAR

A recent audit uncovered a key finding regarding the use of a specific encryption standard in a web
application that is used to communicate with business customers. Due to the technical limitations of its
customers the company is unable to upgrade the encryption standard.
Which of the following types of controls should be used to reduce the risk created by this scenario?
A. Physical
B. Detective
C. Preventive
D. Compensating

A network engineer needs to create a plan for upgrading the wireless infrastructure in a large office
Priority must be given to areas that are currently experiencing latency and connection issues.
Which of the following would be the BEST resource for determining the order of priority?
A. Nmapn
B. Heat maps
C. Network diagrams
D. Wireshark

A company recently transitioned to a strictly BYOD culture due to the cost of replacing lost or damaged
corporate-owned mobile devices.Which of the following technologies would be BEST to balance the
BYOD culture while also protecting the company’s data?
A. Containerization
B. Geofencing
C. Full-disk encryption
D. Remote wipe

A company recently set up an e-commerce portal to sell its product online. The company wants to start
accepting credit cards for payment, which requires compliance with a security standard.
Which of the following standards must the company comply with before accepting credit cards on its
e-commerce platform?
A. PCI DSS
B. ISO 22301
C. ISO 27001
D. NIST CSF

A malicious actor recently penetration a company’s network and moved laterally to the datacenter.
Upon investigation, a forensics firm wants to know was in the memory on the compromised server.
Which of the following files should be given to the forensics firm?
A. Security
B. Application
C. Dump
D. Syslog

A security administrator suspects there may be unnecessary services running on a server.
Which of the following tools will the administrator MOST likely use to confirm the suspicions?
A. Nmap
B. Wireshark
C. Autopsy
D. DNSEnum

On which of the following is the live acquisition of data for forensic analysis MOST dependent?
(Choose two.)
A. Data accessibility
B. Legal hold
C. Cryptographic or hash algorithm
D. Data retention legislation
E. Value and volatility of data
F. Right-to-audit clauses

A company is implementing MFA for all applications that store sensitive data. The IT manager wants
MFA to be non-disruptive and user friendly.
Which of the following technologies should the IT manager use when implementing MFA?
A. One-time passwords
B. Email tokens
C. Push notifications
D. Hardware authentication

Which of the following describes the BEST approach for deploying application patches?
A. Apply the patches to systems in a testing environment then to systems in a staging environment, and
finally to production systems.
B. Test the patches in a staging environment, develop against them in the development environment, and
then apply them to the production systems
C. Test the patches m a test environment apply them to the production systems and then apply them to a
staging environment
D. Apply the patches to the production systems apply them in a staging environment, and then test all of
them in a testing environment

A Chief Executive Officer's (CEO) personal information was stolen in a social engineering attack.
Which of the following sources would reveal if the CEO's personal information is for sale?
A. Automated information sharing
B. Open-source intelligence
C. The dark web
D. Vulnerability databases

The following is an administrative control that would be MOST effective to reduce the occurrence of
malware execution?
A. Security awareness training
B. Frequency of NIDS updates
C. Change control procedures
D. EDR reporting cycle

Which of the following BEST explains the reason why a server administrator would place a document
named password.txt on the desktop of an administrator account on a server?
A. The document is a honeyfile and is meant to attract the attention of a cyberintruder.
B. The document is a backup file if the system needs to be recovered.
C. The document is a standard file that the OS needs to verify the login credentials.
D. The document is a keylogger that stores all keystrokes should the account be compromised.

A vulnerability assessment report will include the CVSS score of the discovered vulnerabilities
because the score allows the organization to better.
A. validate the vulnerability exists in the organization's network through penetration testing
B. research the appropriate mitigation techniques in a vulnerability database
C. find the software patches that are required to mitigate a vulnerability
D. prioritize remediation of vulnerabilities based on the possible impact.

After a ransomware attack a forensics company needs to review a cryptocurrency transaction between
the victim and the attacker.
Which of the following will the company MOST likely review to trace this transaction?
A. The public ledger
B. The NetFlow data
C. A checksum
D. The event log

Which of the following would MOST likely support the integrity of a voting machine?
A. Asymmetric encryption
B. Blockchain
C. Transport Layer Security
D. Perfect forward secrecy

A company has determined that if its computer-based manufacturing is not functioning for 12
consecutive hours, it will lose more money that it costs to maintain the equipment.
Which of the following must be less than 12 hours to maintain a positive total cost of ownership?
A. MTBF
B. RPO
C. RTO
D. MTTR

Which of the following control sets should a well-written BCP include? (Select THREE)
A. Preventive
B. Detective
C. Deterrent
D. Corrective
E. Compensating
F. Physical
G. Recovery

Which of the following technical controls is BEST suited for the detection and prevention of buffer
overflows on hosts?
A. DLP
B. HIDS
C. EDR
D. NIPS

A company has limited storage available and online presence that cannot for more than four hours.
Which of the following backup methodologies should the company implement to allow for the FASTEST
database restore time In the event of a failure, which being maindful of the limited available storage
space?
A. Implement fulltape backup every Sunday at 8:00 p.m and perform nightly tape rotations.
B. Implement different backups every Sunday at 8:00 and nightly incremental backups at 8:00 p.m
C. Implement nightly full backups every Sunday at 8:00 p.m
D. Implement full backups every Sunday at 8:00 p.m and nightly differential backups at 8:00

The manager who is responsible for a data set has asked a security engineer to apply encryption to
the data on a hard disk. The security engineer is an example of a:
A. data controller.
B. data owner
C. data custodian.
D. data processor

The Chief Security Officer (CSO) at a major hospital wants to implement SSO to help improve in the
environment patient data, particularly at shared terminals. The Chief Risk Officer (CRO) is concerned that
training and guidance have been provided to frontline staff, and a risk analysis has not been performed.
Which of the following is the MOST likely
cause of the CRO’s concerns?
A. SSO would simplify username and password management, making it easier for hackers to pass guess
accounts.
B. SSO would reduce password fatigue, but staff would still need to remember more complex passwords.
C. SSO would reduce the password complexity for frontline staff.
D. SSO would reduce the resilience and availability of system if the provider goes offline.

Which of the following disaster recovery tests is The LEAST time-consuming for the disaster recovery
team?
A. Tabletop
B. Parallel
C. Full interruption
D. Simulation

Which of the following describes the ability of code to target a hypervisor from inside
A. Fog computing
B. VM escape
C. Software-defined networking
D. Image forgery
E. Container breakout

Which of the following cloud models provides clients with servers, storage, and networks
but nothing else?
A. SaaS
B. PaaS
C. IaaS
D. DaaS

A network engineer has been asked to investigate why several wireless barcode scanners and
wireless computers in a warehouse have intermittent connectivity to the shipping server. The barcode
scanners and computers are all on forklift trucks and move around the warehouse during their regular use.
Which of the following should the engineer do to determine the issue? (Choose two.)
A. Perform a site survey
B. Deploy an FTK Imager
C. Create a heat map
D. Scan for rogue access points
E. Upgrade the security protocols
F. Install a captive portal

An organization's RPO for a critical system is two hours. The system is used Monday through Friday,
from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm. Currently, the organization performs a full backup every Saturday that takes four
hours to complete.
Which of the following additional backup implementations would be the BEST way for the analyst to meet
the business requirements?
A. Incremental backups Monday through Friday at 6:00 p.m and differential backups hourly
B. Full backups Monday through Friday at 6:00 p.m and incremental backups hourly.
C. incremental backups Monday through Friday at 6:00 p.m and full backups hourly.
D. Full backups Monday through Friday at 6:00 p.m and differential backups hourly.

Which of the following would be the BEST method for creating a detailed diagram of wireless access
points and hot-spots?
A. Footprinting
B. White-box testing
C. A drone/UAV
D. Pivoting

Some laptops recently went missing from a locked storage area that is protected by keyless
RFID-enabled locks. There is no obvious damage to the physical space. The security manager identifies
who unlocked the door, however, human resources confirms the employee was on vacation at the time of
the incident.
Which of the following describes what MOST likely occurred?
A. The employee's physical access card was cloned.
B. The employee is colluding with human resources
C. The employee's biometrics were harvested
D. A criminal used lock picking tools to open the door.

A security engineer is reviewing log files after a third discovered usernames and passwords for the
organization’s accounts. The engineer sees there was a change in the IP address for a vendor website
one earlier. This change lasted eight hours.
Which of the following attacks was MOST likely used?
A. Man-in- the middle
B. Spear-phishing
C. Evil twin
D. DNS poising

An organization suffered an outage and a critical system took 90 minutes to come back online. Though
there was no data loss during the outage, the expectation was that the critical system would be available
again within 60 minutes.
Which of the following is the 60-minute expectation an example of:
A. MTBF
B. RPO
C. MTTR
D. RTO

A large industrial system's smart generator monitors the system status and sends alerts to third-party
maintenance personnel when critical failures occur. While reviewing the network logs the company's
security manager notices the generator's IP is sending packets to an internal file server's IP.
Which of the following mitigations would be BEST for the security manager to implement while
maintaining alerting capabilities?
A. Segmentation
B. Firewall whitelisting
C. Containment
D. isolation

A workwide manufacturing company has been experiencing email account compromised. In one
incident, a user logged in from the corporate office in France, but then seconds later, the same user
account attempted a login from Brazil. Which of the following account policies would BEST prevent
this type of attack?
A. Network location
B. Impossible travel time
C. Geolocation
D. Geofencing

The IT department at a university is concerned about professors placing servers on the university
network in an attempt to bypass security controls.
Which of the following BEST represents this type of threat?
A. A script kiddie
B. Shadow IT
C. Hacktivism
D. White-hat

While checking logs, a security engineer notices a number of end users suddenly downloading files
with the.tar.gz extension. Closer examination of the files reveals they are PE32 files. The end users state
they did not initiate any of the downloads. Further investigation reveals the end users all clicked on an
external email containing an infected MHT file with an href link a week prior.
Which of the following is MOST likely occurring?
A. A RAT was installed and is transferring additional exploit tools.
B. The workstations are beaconing to a command-and-control server.
C. A logic bomb was executed and is responsible for the data transfers.
D. A fireless virus is spreading in the local network environment.

A security engineer needs to Implement the following requirements:
• All Layer 2 switches should leverage Active Directory tor authentication.
• All Layer 2 switches should use local fallback authentication If Active Directory Is offline.
• All Layer 2 switches are not the same and are manufactured by several vendors.
Which of the following actions should the engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO).
A. Implement RADIUS.
B. Configure AAA on the switch with local login as secondary.
C. Configure port security on the switch with the secondary login method.
D. Implement TACACS+
E. Enable the local firewall on the Active Directory server.
F. Implement a DHCP server.

The IT department’s on-site developer has been with the team for many years. Each time an
application is released, the security team is able to identify multiple vulnerabilities.
Which of the following would BEST help the team ensure the application is ready to be released to
production?
A. Limit the use of third-party libraries.
B. Prevent data exposure queries.
C. Obfuscate the source code.
D. Submit the application to QA before releasing it.

Which of the following would be the BEST resource lor a software developer who is looking to improve
secure coding practices for web applications?
A. OWASP
B. Vulnerability scan results
C. NIST CSF
D. Third-party libraries

A security analyst is using a recently released security advisory to review historical logs, looking for the
specific activity that was outlined in the advisory.
Which of the following is the analyst doing?
A. A packet capture
B. A user behavior analysis
C. Threat hunting
D. Credentialed vulnerability scanning

A user enters a password to log in to a workstation and is then prompted to enter an authentication
code. Which of the following MFA factors or attributes are being utilized in the authentication process?
(Select TWO).
A. Something you know
B. Something you have
C. Somewhere you are
D. Someone you are
E. Something you are
F. Something you can do

A technician needs to prevent data loss in a laboratory. The laboratory is not connected to any external
networks.
Which of the following methods would BEST prevent data? (Select TWO)
A. VPN
B. Drive encryption
C. Network firewall
D. File-level encryption
E. USB blocker
F. MFA

Which of the following types of controls is a turnstile?
A. Physical
B. Detective
C. Corrective
D. Technical

After reading a security bulletin, a network security manager is concerned that a malicious actor may
have breached the network using the same software flaw. The exploit code is publicly available and has
been reported as being used against other industries in the same vertical.
Which of the following should the network security manager consult FIRST to determine a priority list for forensic review?
A. The vulnerability scan output
B. The IDS logs
C. The full packet capture data
D. The SIEM alerts

A security analyst needs to be proactive in understand the types of attacks that could potentially target
the company's execute.
Which of the following intelligence sources should to security analyst review?
A. Vulnerability feeds
B. Trusted automated exchange of indicator information
C. Structured threat information expression
D. Industry information-sharing and collaboration groups

Users at organization have been installing programs from the internet on their workstations without
first proper authorization. The organization maintains a portal from which users can install standardized
programs. However, some users have administrative access on their workstations to enable legacy
programs to function property.
Which of the following should the security administrator consider implementing to address this issue?
A. Application code signing
B. Application whitellsting
C. Data loss prevention
D. Web application firewalls

A global pandemic is forcing a private organization to close some business units and reduce staffing at
others.
Which of the following would be BEST to help the organization’s executives determine the next course of
action?
A. An incident response plan
B. A communications plan
C. A disaster recovery plan
D. A business continuity plan

Which of the following incident response steps involves actions to protect critical systems while
maintaining business operations?
A. Investigation
B. Containment
C. Recovery
D. Lessons learned

An auditor is performing an assessment of a security appliance with an embedded OS that was
vulnerable during the last two assessments.
Which of the following BEST explains the appliance’s vulnerable state?
A. The system was configured with weak default security settings.
B. The device uses weak encryption ciphers.
C. The vendor has not supplied a patch for the appliance.
D. The appliance requires administrative credentials for the assessment.

In which of the following common use cases would steganography be employed?
A. Obfuscation
B. Integrity
C. Non-repudiation
D. Blockchain

Joe, an employee, receives an email stating he won the lottery. The email includes a link that requests
a name, mobile phone number, address, and date of birth be provided to confirm Joe’s identity before
sending him the prize.
Which of the following BEST describes this type of email?
A. Spear phishing
B. Whaling
C. Phishing
D. Vishing

A smart switch has the ability to monitor electrical levels and shut off power to a building in the event of
power surge or other fault situation. The switch was installed on a wired network in a hospital and is
monitored by the facilities department via a cloud application. The security administrator isolated the
switch on a separate VLAN and set up a patch routine. Which of the following steps should also be taken to harden the smart switch?
A. Set up an air gap for the switch.
B. Change the default password for the switch.
C. Place the switch In a Faraday cage.
D. Install a cable lock on the switch

After entering a username and password, and administrator must gesture on a touch screen.
Which of the following demonstrates what the administrator is providing?
A. Multifactor authentication
B. Something you can do
C. Biometric
D. Two-factor authentication

A small business just recovered from a ransomware attack against its file servers by purchasing the
decryption keys from the attackers. The issue was triggered by a phishing email and the IT administrator
wants to ensure it does not happen again.
Which of the following should the IT administrator do FIRST after recovery?
A. Scan the NAS for residual or dormant malware and take new daily backups that are tested on a
frequent basis
B. Restrict administrative privileges and patch ail systems and applications.
C. Rebuild all workstations and install new antivirus software
D. Implement application whitelisting and perform user application hardening

Which of the following are the MOST likely vectors for the unauthorized inclusion of vulnerable code in
a software company’s final software releases? (Select TWO.)
A. Unsecure protocols
B. Use of penetration-testing utilities
C. Weak passwords
D. Included third-party libraries
E. Vendors/supply chain
F. Outdated anti-malware software

Phishing and spear-phishing attacks have been occurring more frequently against a company’s staff.
Which of the following would MOST likely help mitigate this issue?
A. DNSSEC and DMARC
B. DNS query logging
C. Exact mail exchanger records in the DNS
D. The addition of DNS conditional forwarders

A RAT that was used to compromise an organization’s banking credentials was found on a user’s
computer. The RAT evaded antivirus detection. It was installed by a user who has local administrator
rights to the system as part of a remote management tool set.
Which of the following recommendations would BEST prevent this from reoccurring?
A. Create a new acceptable use policy.
B. Segment the network into trusted and untrusted zones.
C. Enforce application whitelisting.
D. Implement DLP at the network boundary.

A recent malware outbreak across a subnet included successful rootkit installations on many PCs,
ensuring persistence by rendering remediation efforts ineffective.
Which of the following would BEST detect the presence of a rootkit in the future?
A. FDE
B. NIDS
C. EDR
D. DLP

103.A security analyst is performing a packet capture on a series of SOAP HTTP requests for a security
assessment. The analyst redirects the output to a file After the capture is complete, the analyst needs to
review the first transactions quickly and then search the entire series of requests for a particular string.
Which of the following would be BEST to use to accomplish the task? (Select TWO).
A. head
B. Tcpdump
C. grep
D. rail
E. curl
F. openssi
G. dd

A cybersecurity manager has scheduled biannual meetings with the IT team and department leaders
to discuss how they would respond to hypothetical cyberattacks. During these meetings, the manager
presents a scenario and injects additional information throughout the session to replicate what might
occur in a dynamic cybersecurity event involving the company, its facilities, its data, and its staff.
Which of the following describes what the manager is doing?
A. Developing an incident response plan
B. Building a disaster recovery plan
C. Conducting a tabletop exercise
D. Running a simulation exercise

A user recently entered a username and password into a recruiting application website that had been forged to look like the legitimate site Upon investigation, a security analyst the identifies the following:
• The legitimate websites IP address is 10.1.1.20 and eRecruit local resolves to the IP
• The forged website's IP address appears to be 10.2.12.99. based on NetFtow records
• AH three at the organization's DNS servers show the website correctly resolves to the legitimate IP
• DNS query logs show one of the three DNS servers returned a result of 10.2.12.99 (cached) at the
approximate time of the suspected compromise. Whicho of the following MOST likely occurred?
A. A reverse proxy was used to redirect network traffic
B. An SSL strip MITM attack was performed
C. An attacker temporarily pawned a name server
D. An ARP poisoning attack was successfully executed

A consultant is configuring a vulnerability scanner for a large, global organization in multiple countries.
The consultant will be using a service account to scan systems with administrative privileges on a weekly
basis, but there is a concern that hackers could gain access to account to the account and pivot through
the global network.
Which of the following would be BEST to help mitigate this concern?
A. Create consultant accounts for each region, each configured with push MFA notifications.
B. Create one global administrator account and enforce Kerberos authentication
C. Create different accounts for each region. limit their logon times, and alert on risky logins
D. Create a guest account for each region. remember the last ten passwords, and block password reuse

An organization is developing a plan in the event of a complete loss of critical systems and data.
Which of the following plans is the organization MOST likely developing?
A. Incident response
B. Communications
C. Disaster recovery
D. Data retention

A security analyst needs to make a recommendation for restricting access to certain segments of the
network using only data-link layer security.
Which of the following controls will the analyst MOST likely recommend?
A MAC
B. ACL
C. BPDU
D. ARP

A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) needs to create a policy set that meets international
standards for data privacy and sharing.
Which of the following should the CISO read and understand before writing the policies?
A. PCI DSS
B. GDPR
C. NIST
D. ISO 31000

An organization has been experiencing outages during holiday sales and needs to ensure availability
of its point-of-sale systems The IT administrator has been asked to improve both server-data fault
tolerance and site availability under high consumer load.
Which of the following are the BEST options to accomplish this objective'? (Select TWO)
A. Load balancing
B. Incremental backups
C. UPS
D. RAID
E. Dual power supply
F. NIC teaming

In which of the following situations would it be BEST to use a detective control type for mitigation?
A. A company implemented a network load balancer to ensure 99.999% availability of its web application.
B. A company designed a backup solution to increase the chances of restoring services in case of a
natural disaster.
C. A company purchased an application-level firewall to isolate traffic between the accounting department
and the information technology department.
D. A company purchased an IPS system, but after reviewing the requirements, the appliance was
supposed to monitor, not block, any traffic.
E. A company purchased liability insurance for flood protection on all capital assets.

A user recently attended an exposition and received some digital promotional materials The user later
noticed blue boxes popping up and disappearing on the computer, and reported receiving several spam
emails, which the user did not open.
Which of the following is MOST likely the cause of the reported issue?
A. There was a drive-by download of malware
B. The user installed a cryptominer
C. The OS was corrupted
D. There was malicious code on the USB drive

A document that appears to be malicious has been discovered in an email that was sent to a
company's Chief Financial Officer (CFO).
Which of the following would be BEST to allow a security analyst to gather information and confirm it is a
malicious document without executing any code it may contain?
A. Open the document on an air-gapped network
B. View the document's metadata for origin clues
C. Search for matching file hashes on malware websites
D. Detonate the document in an analysis sandbox

A startup company is using multiple SaaS and IaaS platform to stand up a corporate infrastructure
and build out a customer-facing web application.
Which of the following solutions would be BEST to provide security, manageability, and visibility into the
platforms?
A. SIEM
B. DLP
C. CASB
D. SWG

A security analyst discovers several .jpg photos from a cellular phone during a forensics investigation
involving a compromised system. The analyst runs a forensics tool to gather file metadata.
Which of the following would be part of the images if all the metadata is still intact?
A. The GPS location
B. When the file was deleted
C. The total number of print jobs
D. The number of copies made

An organization has hired a security analyst to perform a penetration test. The analyst captures 1Gb
worth of inbound network traffic to the server and transfer the pcap back to the machine for analysis. Which of the following tools should the analyst use to further review the pcap?
A. Nmap
B. cURL
C. Netcat
D. Wireshark

An organization routes all of its traffic through a VPN Most users are remote and connect into a
corporate datacenter that houses confidential information There is a firewall at the Internet border
followed by a DIP appliance, the VPN server and the datacenter itself.
Which of the following is the WEAKEST design element?
A. The DLP appliance should be integrated into a NGFW.
B. Split-tunnel connections can negatively impact the DLP appliance's performance
C. Encrypted VPN traffic will not be inspected when entering or leaving the network
D. Adding two hops in the VPN tunnel may slow down remote connections

A database administrator needs to ensure all passwords are stored in a secure manner, so the
administrate adds randomly generated data to each password before string. Which of the following techniques BEST explains this action?
A. Predictability
B. Key stretching
C. Salting
D. Hashing

A company is adopting a BYOD policy and is looking for a comprehensive solution to protect
company information on user devices.
Which of the following solutions would BEST support the policy?
A. Mobile device management
B. Full-device encryption
C. Remote wipe
D. Biometrics

A user contacts the help desk to report the following:
✑ Two days ago, a pop-up browser window prompted the user for a name and password after connecting
to the corporate wireless SSID. This had never happened before, but the user entered the information as
requested.
✑ The user was able to access the Internet but had trouble accessing the department share until the next
day.
✑ The user is now getting notifications from the bank about unauthorized transactions.
Which of the following attack vectors was MOST likely used in this scenario?
A. Rogue access point
B. Evil twin
C. DNS poisoning
D. ARP poisoning

In the middle of a cybersecurity, a security engineer removes the infected devices from the network
and lock down all compromised accounts.
In which of the following incident response phases is the security engineer currently operating?
A. Identification
B. Preparation
C. Eradiction
D. Recovery
E. Containment

An incident response technician collected a mobile device during an investigation.
Which of the following should the technician do to maintain chain of custody?
A. Document the collection and require a sign-off when possession changes.
B. Lock the device in a safe or other secure location to prevent theft or alteration.
C. Place the device in a Faraday cage to prevent corruption of the data.
D. Record the collection in a blockchain-protected public ledger.

A security auditor is reviewing vulnerability scan data provided by an internal security team.
Which of the following BEST indicates that valid credentials were used?
A. The scan results show open ports, protocols, and services exposed on the target host
B. The scan enumerated software versions of installed programs
C. The scan produced a list of vulnerabilities on the target host
D. The scan identified expired SSL certificates

An enterprise has hired an outside security firm to conduct penetration testing on its network and
applications. The firm has only been given the documentation available to the customers of the
applications.
Which of the following BEST represents the type of testing that will occur?
A. Bug bounty
B. Black-box
C. Gray-box
D. White-box

A development team employs a practice of bringing all the code changes from multiple team
members into the same development project through automation. A tool is utilized to validate the code
and track source code through version control.
Which of the following BEST describes this process?
A. Continuous delivery
B. Continuous integration
C. Continuous validation
D. Continuous monitoring

Which of the following will provide the BEST physical security countermeasures to stop intruders?
(Select TWO.)
A. Alarms
B. Signage
C. Lighting
D. Mantraps
E. Fencing
F. Sensors

A cybersecurity administrator has a reduced team and needs to operate an on-premises network and
security infrastructure efficiently. To help with the situation, the administrator decides to hire a service provider.
Which of the following should the administrator use?
A. SDP
B. AAA
C. IaaS
D. MSSP
E. Microservices

A cybersecurity department purchased o new PAM solution. The team is planning to randomize the
service account credentials of the Windows server first.
Which of the following would be the BEST method to increase the security on the Linux server?
A. Randomize the shared credentials
B. Use only guest accounts to connect.
C. Use SSH keys and remove generic passwords
D. Remove all user accounts.

Local guidelines require that all information systems meet a minimum-security baseline to be
compliant.
Which of the following can security administrators use to assess their system configurations against the
baseline?
A. SOAR playbook
B. Security control matrix
C. Risk management framework
D. Benchmarks

Which of the following are requirements that must be configured for PCI DSS compliance?
(Select TWO).
A. Testing security systems and processes regularly
B. Installing and maintaining a web proxy to protect cardholder data
C. Assigning a unique ID to each person with computer access
D. Encrypting transmission of cardholder data across private networks
E. Benchmarking security awareness training for contractors
F. Using vendor-supplied default passwords for system passwords

A user is concerned that a web application will not be able to handle unexpected or random input
without crashing.
Which of the following BEST describes the type of testing the user should perform?
A. Code signing
B. Fuzzing
C. Manual code review
D. Dynamic code analysis

Which of the following should be put in place when negotiating with a new vendor about the
timeliness of the response to a significant outage or incident?
A. MOU
B. MTTR
C. SLA
D. NDA

A security analyst discovers that a company username and password database was posted on an
internet forum. The username and passwords are stored in plan text.
Which of the following would mitigate the damage done by this type of data exfiltration in the future?
A. Create DLP controls that prevent documents from leaving the network
B. Implement salting and hashing
C. Configure the web content filter to block access to the forum.
D. Increase password complexity requirements

A company recently experienced a data breach and the source was determined to be an executive
who was charging a phone in a public area.
Which of the following would MOST likely have prevented this breach?
A. A firewall
B. A device pin
C. A USB data blocker
D. Biometrics

A network technician is installing a guest wireless network at a coffee shop. When a customer
purchases an Item, the password for the wireless network is printed on the recent so the customer can log
in. Which of the following will the technician MOST likely configure to provide the highest level of security
with the least amount of overhead?
A. WPA-EAP
B. WEP-TKIP
C. WPA-PSK
D. WPS-PIN

A security analyst is reviewing a new website that will soon be made publicly available.
The analyst sees the following in the URL:
http://dev-site.comptia.org/home/show.php?sessionID=77276554&loc=us
The analyst then sends an internal user a link to the new website for testing purposes, and when the user clicks the link, the analyst is able to browse the website with the following URL:
http://dev-site.comptia.org/home/show.php?sessionID=98988475&loc=us
Which of the following application attacks is being tested?
A. Pass-the-hash
B. Session replay
C. Object deference
D. Cross-site request forgery

A remote user recently took a two-week vacation abroad and brought along a corporate-owned
laptop. Upon returning to work, the user has been unable to connect the laptop to the VPN.
Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the user’s inability to connect the laptop to the VPN?
A. Due to foreign travel, the user’s laptop was isolated from the network.
B. The user’s laptop was quarantined because it missed the latest path update.
C. The VPN client was blacklisted.
D. The user’s account was put on a legal hold.

A security engineer needs to implement an MDM solution that complies with the corporate
mobile device policy. The policy states that in order for mobile users to access corporate
resources on their devices the following requirements must be met:
• Mobile device OSs must be patched up to the latest release
• A screen lock must be enabled (passcode or biometric)
• Corporate data must be removed if the device is reported lost or stolen
Which of the following controls should the security engineer configure? (Select TWO)
A. Containerization
B. Storage segmentation
C. Posturing
D. Remote wipe
E. Full-device encryption
F. Geofencing

The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of an insurance company received an email from Ann, the
company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO), requesting a transfer of $10,000 to an account. The email
states Ann is on vacation and has lost her purse, containing cash and credit cards.
Which of the following social-engineering techniques is the attacker using?
A. Phishing
B. Whaling
C. Typo squatting
D. Pharming

Which of the following will MOST likely adversely impact the operations of unpatched traditional
programmable-logic controllers, running a back-end LAMP server and OT systems with
human-management interfaces that are accessible over the Internet via a
web interface? (Choose two.)
A. Cross-site scripting
B. Data exfiltration
C. Poor system logging
D. Weak encryption
E. SQL injection
F. Server-side request forgery

A network administrator has been asked to install an IDS to improve the security posture of an
organization.
Which of the following control types is an IDS?
A. Corrective
B. Physical
C. Detective
D. Administrative

A network engineer is troubleshooting wireless network connectivity issues that were reported by
users. The issues are occurring only in the section of the building that is closest to the parking lot. Users
are intermittently experiencing slow speeds when accessing websites and are unable to connect to
network drives. The issues appear to increase when laptop users return desks after using their devices in
other areas of the building. There have also been reports of users being required to enter their credentials
on web pages in order to gain access to them.
Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this issue?
A. An external access point is engaging in an evil-twin attack.
B. The signal on the WAP needs to be increased in that section of the building.
C. The certificates have expired on the devices and need to be reinstalled.
D. The users in that section of the building are on a VLAN that is being blocked by the firewall.

An organization is concerned that is hosted web servers are not running the most updated
version of the software.
Which of the following would work BEST to help identify potential vulnerabilities?
A. Hping3 –s comptia, org –p 80
B. Nc -1 –v comptia, org –p 80
C. nmap comptia, org –p 80 –sV
D. nslookup –port=80 comtia.org

A network administrator has been alerted that web pages are experiencing long load times.
After determining it is not a routing or DNS issue, the administrator logs in to the router, runs a command,
and receives the following output:
-------
CPU 0 percent busy, from 300 sec ago
1 sec ave: 99 percent busy
5 sec ave: 97 percent busy
1 min ave: 83 percent busy
--
Which of the following is the router experiencing?
A. DDoS attack
B. Memory leak
C. Buffer overflow
D. Resource exhaustion

150.A company wants to deploy PKI on its Internet-facing website.
The applications that are currently deployed are:
✑ www.company.com (main website)
✑ contactus.company.com (for locating a nearby location)
✑ quotes.company.com (for requesting a price quote)
The company wants to purchase one SSL certificate that will work for all the existing applications and any
future applications that follow the same naming conventions, such as store.company.com.
Which of the following certificate types would BEST meet the requirements?
A. SAN
B. Wildcard
C. Extended validation
D. Self-signed

Which of the following would BEST identify and remediate a data-loss event in an enterprise using
third-party, web-based services and file-sharing platforms?
A. SIEM
B. CASB
C. UTM
D. DLP

Joe, a user at a company, clicked an email link led to a website that infected his workstation. Joe, was
connected to the network, and the virus spread to the network shares. The protective measures failed to
stop this virus, and It has continues to evade detection.
Which of the following should administrator implement to protect the environment from this malware?
A. Install a definition-based antivirus.
B. Implement an IDS/IPS
C. Implement a heuristic behavior-detection solution.
D. Implement CASB to protect the network shares.

A security analyst receives the configuration of a current VPN profile and notices the authentication is
only applied to the IP datagram portion of the packet.
Which of the following should the analyst implement to authenticate the entire packet?
A. AH
B. ESP
C. SRTP
D. LDAP

Users have been issued smart cards that provide physical access to a building. The cards also
contain tokens that can be used to access information systems. Users can log m to any thin client located
throughout the building and see the same desktop each time.
Which of the following technologies are being utilized to provide these capabilities? (Select TWO)
A. COPE
B. VDI
C. GPS
D. TOTP
E. RFID
F. BYOD

A forensics examiner is attempting to dump password cached in the physical memory of a live system
but keeps receiving an error message.
Which of the following BEST describes the cause of the error?
A. The examiner does not have administrative privileges to the system
B. The system must be taken offline before a snapshot can be created
C. Checksum mismatches are invalidating the disk image
D. The swap file needs to be unlocked before it can be accessed

Which of the following job roles would sponsor data quality and data entry initiatives that ensure
business and regulatory requirements are met?
A. The data owner
B. The data processor
C. The data steward
D. The data privacy officer.

A smart retail business has a local store and a newly established and growing online storefront. A
recent storm caused a power outage to the business and the local ISP, resulting in several hours of lost
sales and delayed order processing.
The business owner now needs to ensure two things:
* Protection from power outages
* Always-available connectivity In case of an outage
The owner has decided to implement battery backups for the computer equipment.
Which of the following would BEST fulfill the owner's second need?
A. Lease a point-to-point circuit to provide dedicated access.
B. Connect the business router to its own dedicated UPS.
C. Purchase services from a cloud provider for high availability
D Replace the business's wired network with a wireless network.

A Chief Security Officer (CSO) is concerned about the amount of PII that is stored locally on each
salesperson’s laptop. The sales department has a higher-than-average rate of lost equipment.
Which of the following recommendations would BEST address the CSO’s concern?
A. Deploy an MDM solution.
B. Implement managed FDE.
C. Replace all hard drives with SEDs.
D. Install DLP agents on each laptop.

A nuclear plant was the victim of a recent attack, and all the networks were air gapped. A subsequent
investigation revealed a worm as the source of the issue.
Which of the following BEST explains what happened?
A. A malicious USB was introduced by an unsuspecting employee.
B. The ICS firmware was outdated
C. A local machine has a RAT installed.
D. The HVAC was connected to the maintenance vendor.

An organization hired a consultant to assist with an active attack, and the consultant was able to
identify the compromised accounts and computers.
Which of the following is the consultant MOST likely to recommend to prepare for eradication?
A. Quarantining the compromised accounts and computers, only providing them with network access
B. Segmenting the compromised accounts and computers into a honeynet so as to not alert the attackers.
C. Isolating the compromised accounts and computers, cutting off all network and internet access.
D. Logging off and deleting the compromised accounts and computers to eliminate attacker access.

An organization’s help desk is flooded with phone calls from users stating they can no longer access
certain websites. The help desk escalates the issue to the security team, as these websites were
accessible the previous day. The security analysts run the following command: ipconfig /flushdns, but the
issue persists. Finally, an analyst changes the DNS server for an impacted machine, and the issue goes
away.
Which of the following attacks MOST likely occurred on the original DNS server?
A. DNS cache poisoning
B. Domain hijacking
C. Distributed denial-of-service
D. DNS tunneling

A company uses wireless tor all laptops and keeps a very detailed record of its assets, along with a
comprehensive list of devices that are authorized to be on the wireless network. The Chief Information
Officer (CIO) is concerned about a script kiddie potentially using an unauthorized device to brute force the
wireless PSK and obtain access to the internal network.
Which of the following should the company implement to BEST prevent this from occurring?
A. A BPDU guard
B. WPA-EAP
C. IP filtering
D. A WIDS

A retail executive recently accepted a job with a major competitor. The following week, a security
analyst reviews the security logs and identifies successful logon attempts to access the departed
executive's accounts.
Which of the following security practices would have addressed the issue?
A. A non-disclosure agreement
B. Least privilege
C. An acceptable use policy
D. Offboarding

A security analyst is performing a forensic investigation compromised account credentials. Using the
Event Viewer, the analyst able to detect the following message, ‘’Special privileges assigned to new login.’’ Several of these messages did not have a valid logon associated with the user before these
privileges were assigned.
Which of the following attacks is MOST likely being detected?
A. Pass-the-hash
B. Buffer overflow
C. Cross-site scripting
D. Session replay

A security assessment determines DES and 3DES at still being used on recently deployed production
servers.
Which of the following did the assessment identify?
A. Unsecme protocols
B. Default settings
C. Open permissions
D. Weak encryption

A well-known organization has been experiencing attacks from APIs. The organization is concerned
that custom malware is being created and emailed into the company or installed on USB sticks that are
dropped in parking lots.
Which of the following is the BEST defense against this scenario?
A. Configuring signature-based antivirus io update every 30 minutes
B. Enforcing S/MIME for email and automatically encrypting USB drives upon insertion.
C. Implementing application execution in a sandbox for unknown software.
D. Fuzzing new files for vulnerabilities if they are not digitally signed

A recently discovered zero-day exploit utilizes an unknown vulnerability in the SMB network protocol
to rapidly infect computers. Once infected, computers are encrypted and held for ransom.
Which of the following would BEST prevent this attack from reoccurring?
A. Configure the perimeter firewall to deny inbound external connections to SMB ports.
B. Ensure endpoint detection and response systems are alerting on suspicious SMB connections.
C. Deny unauthenticated users access to shared network folders.
D. Verify computers are set to install monthly operating system, updates automatically.

Under GDPR, which of the following is MOST responsible for the protection of privacy and website
user rights?
A. The data protection officer
B. The data processor
C. The data owner
D. The data controller

Which of the following refers to applications and systems that are used within an organization without
consent or approval?
A. Shadow IT
B. OSINT
C. Dark web
D. Insider threats

Which of the following BEST explains the difference between a data owner and a data custodian?
A. The data owner is responsible for adhering to the rules for using the data, while the data custodian is
responsible for determining the corporate governance regarding the data
B. The data owner is responsible for determining how the data may be used, while the data custodian is
responsible for implementing the protection to the data
C. The data owner is responsible for controlling the data, while the data custodian is responsible for maintaining the chain of custody when handling the data
D. The data owner grants the technical permissions for data access, while the data custodian maintains
the database access controls to the data

A security analyst needs to produce a document that details how a security incident occurred, the
steps that were taken for recovery, and how future incidents can be avoided.
During which of the following stages of the response process will this activity take place?
A. Recovery
B. Identification
C. Lessons learned
D. Preparation

A host was infected with malware. During the incident response, Joe, a user, reported that he did not
receive any emails with links, but he had been browsing the Internet all day.
Which of the following would MOST likely show where the malware originated?
A. The DNS logs
B. The web server logs
C. The SIP traffic logs
D. The SNMP logs

An organization has a growing workforce that is mostly driven by additions to the sales department.
Each newly hired salesperson relies on a mobile device to conduct business. The Chief Information
Officer (CIO) is wondering it the organization may need to scale down just as quickly as it scaled up. The
ClO is also concerned about the organization's security and customer privacy.
Which of the following would be BEST to address the ClO’s concerns?
A. Disallow new hires from using mobile devices for six months
B. Select four devices for the sales department to use in a CYOD model
C. Implement BYOD for the sates department while leveraging the MDM
D. Deploy mobile devices using the COPE methodology

A security analyst is reviewing information regarding recent vulnerabilities.
Which of the following will the analyst MOST likely consult to validate which platforms have been
affected?
A. OSINT
B. SIEM
C. CVSS
D. CVE

The CSIRT is reviewing the lessons learned from a recent incident. A worm was able to spread unhindered throughout the network and infect a large number of computers and servers.
Which of the following recommendations would be BEST to mitigate the impacts of a similar incident in
the future?
A. Install a NIDS device at the boundary.
B. Segment the network with firewalls.
C. Update all antivirus signatures daily.
D. Implement application blacklisting.

A pharmaceutical sales representative logs on to a laptop and connects to the public WiFi to check
emails and update reports.
Which of the following would be BEST to prevent other devices on the network from directly accessing the
laptop? (Choose two.)
A. Trusted Platform Module
B. A host-based firewall
C. A DLP solution
D. Full disk encryption
E. A VPN
F. Antivirus software

A security analyst has received an alert about being sent via email. The analyst’s Chief information
Security Officer (CISO) has made it clear that PII must be handle with extreme care From which of the
following did the alert MOST likely originate?
A. S/MIME
B. DLP
C. IMAP
D. HIDS

Which of the following would be BEST to establish between organizations to define the
responsibilities of each party outline the key deliverables and include monetary penalties for breaches to
manage third-party risk?
A. An ARO
B. An MOU
C. An SLA
D. A BPA

A public relations team will be taking a group of guest on a tour through the facility of a large
e-commerce company. The day before the tour, the company sends out an email to employees to ensure
all whiteboars are cleaned and all desks are cleared. The company is MOST likely trying to protect
against.
A. Loss of proprietary information
B. Damage to the company’s reputation
C. Social engineering
D. Credential exposure

To reduce costs and overhead, an organization wants to move from an on-premises email solution to
a cloud-based email solution. At this time, no other services will be moving.
Which of the following cloud models would BEST meet the needs of the organization?
A. MaaS
B. laaS
C. SaaS
D. PaaS

Which of the following is MOST likely to outline the roles and responsibilities of data controllers and
data processors?
A. SSAE SOC 2
B. PCI DSS
C. GDPR
D. ISO 31000

An organization has decided to host its web application and database in the cloud.
Which of the following BEST describes the security concerns for this decision?
A. Access to the organization's servers could be exposed to other cloud-provider clients
B. The cloud vendor is a new attack vector within the supply chain
C. Outsourcing the code development adds risk to the cloud provider
D. Vendor support will cease when the hosting platforms reach EOL.

An employee has been charged with fraud and is suspected of using corporate assets.
As authorities collect evidence, and to preserve the admissibility of the evidence, which of the following
forensic techniques should be used?
A. Order of volatility
B. Data recovery
C. Chain of custody
D. Non-repudiation

Which of the following ISO standards is certified for privacy?
A. ISO 9001
B. ISO 27002
C. ISO 27701
D. ISO 31000

A cybersecurity analyst needs to implement secure authentication to third-party websites without
users’ passwords.
Which of the following would be the BEST way to achieve this objective?
A. OAuth
B. SSO
C. SAML
D. PAP

A Chief Security Office's (CSO's) key priorities are to improve preparation, response, and recovery
practices to minimize system downtime and enhance organizational resilience to ransomware attacks.
Which of the following would BEST meet the CSO's objectives?
A. Use email-filtering software and centralized account management, patch high-risk systems, and restrict
administration privileges on fileshares.
B. Purchase cyber insurance from a reputable provider to reduce expenses during an incident.
C. Invest in end-user awareness training to change the long-term culture and behavior of staff and
executives, reducing the organization's susceptibility to phishing attacks.
D. Implement application whitelisting and centralized event-log management, and perform regular testing
and validation of full backups.

Which of the following algorithms has the SMALLEST key size?
A. DES
B. Twofish
C. RSA
D. AES

A security analyst needs to generate a server certificate to be used for 802.1X and secure RDP
connections. The analyst is unsure what is required to perform the task and solicits help from a senior
colleague.
Which of the following is the FIRST step the senior colleague will most likely tell the analyst to perform to
accomplish this task?
A. Create an OCSP
B. Generate a CSR
C. Create a CRL
D. Generate a .pfx file

An organization's Chief Security Officer (CSO) wants to validate the business's involvement in the
incident response plan to ensure its validity and thoroughness.
Which of the following will the CSO MOST likely use?
A. An external security assessment
B. A bug bounty program
C. A tabletop exercise
D. A red-team engagement

A website developer is working on a new e-commerce website and has asked an information security
expert for the most appropriate way to store credit card numbers to create an easy reordering process.
Which of the following methods would BEST accomplish this goal?
A. Salting the magnetic strip information
B. Encrypting the credit card information in transit.
C. Hashing the credit card numbers upon entry.
D. Tokenizing the credit cards in the database

A company’s bank has reported that multiple corporate credit cards have been stolen over the past
several weeks. The bank has provided the names of the affected cardholders to the company’s forensics
team to assist in the cyber-incident investigation.
An incident responder learns the following information:
✑ The timeline of stolen card numbers corresponds closely with affected users making Internet-based
purchases from diverse websites via enterprise desktop PCs.
✑ All purchase connections were encrypted, and the company uses an SSL inspection proxy for the
inspection of encrypted traffic of the hardwired network.
✑ Purchases made with corporate cards over the corporate guest WiFi network, where no SSL inspection
occurs, were unaffected.
Which of the following is the MOST likely root cause?
A. HTTPS sessions are being downgraded to insecure cipher suites
B. The SSL inspection proxy is feeding events to a compromised SIEM
C. The payment providers are insecurely processing credit card charges
D. The adversary has not yet established a presence on the guest WiFi network

A network administrator would like to configure a site-to-site VPN utilizing iPSec. The administrator
wants the tunnel to be established with data integrity encryption, authentication and anti- replay functions.
Which of the following should the administrator use when configuring the VPN?
A. AH
B. EDR
C. ESP
D. DNSSEC

A network administrator has been asked to design a solution to improve a company's security
posture.
The administrator is given the following, requirements?
The solution must be inline in the network
• The solution must be able to block known malicious traffic
• The solution must be able to stop network-based attacks
Which of the following should the network administrator implement to BEST meet these requirements?
A. HIDS
B. NIDS
C. HIPS
D. NIPS

A security manager for a retailer needs to reduce the scope of a project to comply with PCI DSS. The
PCI data is located in different offices than where credit cards are accepted. All the offices are connected
via MPLS back to the primary datacenter.
Which of the following should the security manager implement to achieve the objective?
A. Segmentation
B. Containment
C. Geofencing
D. Isolation

A startup company is using multiple SaaS and IaaS platforms to stand up a corporate infrastructure
and build out a customer-facing web application.
Which of the following solutions would be BEST to provide security, manageability, and visibility into the
platforms?
A. SIEM
B. DLP
C. CASB
D. SWG

A security audit has revealed that a process control terminal is vulnerable to malicious users installing
and executing software on the system. The terminal is beyond end-of-life support and cannot be
upgraded, so it is placed on a projected network segment.
Which of the following would be MOST effective to implement to further mitigate the reported
vulnerability?
A. DNS sinkholding
B. DLP rules on the terminal
C. An IP blacklist
D. Application whitelisting

A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is concerned about the organization's ability to continue
business operation in the event of a prolonged DDoS attack on its local datacenter that consumes
database resources.
Which of the following will the CISO MOST likely recommend to mitigate this risk?
A. Upgrade the bandwidth available into the datacenter
B. Implement a hot-site failover location
C. Switch to a complete SaaS offering to customers
D. Implement a challenge response test on all end-user queries

To secure an application after a large data breach, an e-commerce site will be resetting all users’
credentials.
Which of the following will BEST ensure the site’s users are not compromised after the reset?
A. A password reuse policy
B. Account lockout after three failed attempts
C. Encrypted credentials in transit
D. A geofencing policy based on login history

An organization that is located in a flood zone is MOST likely to document the concerns associated
with the restoration of IT operation in a:
A. business continuity plan
B. communications plan.
C. disaster recovery plan.
D. continuity of operations plan

A company recently moved sensitive videos between on-premises. Company-owned websites. The
company then learned the videos had been uploaded and shared to the internet.
Which of the following would MOST likely allow the company to find the cause?
A. Checksums
B. Watermarks
C. Oder of volatility
D. A log analysis
E. A right-to-audit clause

An organization needs to implement more stringent controls over administrator/root credentials and
service accounts.
Requirements for the project include:
✑ Check-in/checkout of credentials
✑ The ability to use but not know the password
✑ Automated password changes
✑ Logging of access to credentials
Which of the following solutions would meet the requirements?
A. OAuth 2.0
B. Secure Enclave
C. A privileged access management system
D. An OpenID Connect authentication system

Which of the following is the purpose of a risk register?
A. To define the level or risk using probability and likelihood
B. To register the risk with the required regulatory agencies
C. To identify the risk, the risk owner, and the risk measures
D. To formally log the type of risk mitigation strategy the organization is using

211.When selecting a technical solution for identity management, an architect chooses to go from an
in-house to a third-party SaaS provider.
Which of the following risk management strategies is this an example of?
A. Acceptance
B. Mitigation
C. Avoidance
D. Transference

A root cause analysis reveals that a web application outage was caused by one of the company’s
developers uploading a newer version of the third-party libraries that were shared among several
applications.
Which of the following implementations would be BEST to prevent the issue from reoccurring?
A. CASB
B. SWG
C. Containerization
D. Automated failover

A company needs to centralize its logs to create a baseline and have visibility on its security events.
Which of the following technologies will accomplish this objective?
A. Security information and event management
B. A web application firewall
C. A vulnerability scanner
D. A next-generation firewall

Several employees return to work the day after attending an industry trade show. That same day, the
security manager notices several malware alerts coming from each of the employee’s workstations. The
security manager investigates but finds no signs of an attack on the perimeter firewall or the NIDS.
Which of the following is MOST likely causing the malware alerts?
A. A worm that has propagated itself across the intranet, which was initiated by presentation media
B. A fileless virus that is contained on a vCard that is attempting to execute an attack
C. A Trojan that has passed through and executed malicious code on the hosts
D. A USB flash drive that is trying to run malicious code but is being blocked by the host firewall

Which of the following provides the BEST protection for sensitive information and data stored in
cloud-based services but still allows for full functionality and searchability of data within the cloud-based
services?
A. Data encryption
B. Data masking
C. Anonymization
D. Tokenization

A security administrator suspects an employee has been emailing proprietary information to a
competitor. Company policy requires the administrator to capture an exact copy of the employee’s hard
disk.
Which of the following should the administrator use?
A. dd
B. chmod
C. dnsenum
D. logger

A commercial cyber-threat intelligence organization observes IoCs across a variety of unrelated
customers.
Prior to releasing specific threat intelligence to other paid subscribers, the organization is MOST likely
obligated by contracts to:
A. perform attribution to specific APTs and nation-state actors.
B. anonymize any PII that is observed within the IoC data.
C. add metadata to track the utilization of threat intelligence reports.
D. assist companies with impact assessments based on the observed data.

Employees are having issues accessing the company's website. Some employees report very slow
performance, while others cannot the website at all. The web and security administrators search the logs
and find millions of half-open connections to port 443 on the web server. Further analysis reveals
thousands of different source IPs initiating this traffic.
Which of the following attacks is MOST likely occurring?
A. DDoS
B. Man-in-the-middle
C. MAC flooding
D. Domain hijacking

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of an organization would like staff members to have the flexibility
to work from home anytime during business hours, incident during a pandemic or crisis, However, the
CEO is concerned that some staff members may take advantage of the of the flexibility and work from
high-risk countries while on holidays work to a third-party organization in another country. The Chief
information Officer (CIO) believes the company can implement some basic to mitigate the majority of the
risk.
Which of the following would be BEST to mitigate CEO’s concern? (Select TWO).
A. Geolocation
B. Time-of-day restrictions
C. Certificates
D. Tokens
E. Geotagging
F. Role-based access controls