Groups of Lissamphibia (3)

Pedicellate Teeth

Anuran characteristics (4)

Anuran Skull traits

Anuran Appendicular skeleton

Urodele characteristics (6)

Urodele skeleton

Caecilian characteristics (6)

competing theories on lissamphibia origins (3)

Early amniote characteristics

amniote jaw musculature modification

amniote key features (2)

Types of fenestrae arrangements (4)

extraembryonic membranes (3)

atlas and axis vertebrae functions

strategy in vertebral column to overcome gravity in amniotes

Amniote changes to limb posture

Classes of Synapsid Amniotes (4)

Pelycosaur traits

Therapsid traits

Groups of therapsids (3)

significant cynodont modifications

Characteristics of mammals

skeletal characteristics of mammals

Groups of Living Mammals (3)

Monotreme characteristics

Major groups of Placentals (3)

possible drivers of adaptive radiation of mammals (4)

Anapsids early and recent

testudine characteristics

diapsid gliders

squamate skull adaptations (2)

types of crawling locomotion (4)

Ichtyosaur characterstics (5)

major trend of archosauromorphs

Saurischians

Ornithischian

skeletal adaptations of giant dinosaurs (3)

modifications allowing human bipedalism

ape characteristics (3)

new world vs old world monkeys

promisian groups (4)

Primate characteristics (4)

hypotheses for bird flight evolution (3)

distinguishing characteristic of birds

main groups of ornithischians (4)

general trends from primate to humans

characteristics of Neanderthalis

reason for small gills in mountain salamanders

muscles controlling internal gill ventilation in tadpoles

requirements for cutaneous respiration

buccal pump in frogs

alveoli

air flow in bird lung

aspiration pump in mammals

bird vs. mammal ventilation

anuran heart identifying characterstic

characteristic of lungless salamander hearts

turtle/squamate heart

adaptation in mammalian heart

post cava

jugular

amniote venous system

embryo respiration in sauropsids and basal mammals

embryo respiration in eutherian mammals

types of tooth attachment

Polyphyodont

human tooth formula

regions of stomach (4)

strategies for increased intestinal surface area (3)

head kidney

functional unit of kidney

hindgut

sources of gonad development

stroma

Mullarian duct

reason for fish urinary bladder

cells of the nervous system

Spinal Cord

Spinal Nerves

autonomic nervous system

Enteric Nervous System

evagination of pallium

eversion of pallium

cortex

Triune Brain Hypothesis of cortex evolution

sensory receptor

Types of Chemoreception (3)

ganglion cell

focusing in water and air

adaptations to dim light

types of mechanoreceptors

macula

crista

auditory macula

traits unique to mammal ear (5)